Course: INTERNET OF THINGS
Unit 4 : Communication in IoT devices
Topic : Introduction to IoT networking
Instructor
Prof. S.P.Chivate
K. K. Wagh Polytechnic,
Nashik
Course Outcome
After completing this course a learner will able to,
Course Outcome:
CO4 - Develop IoT applications using IoT networking devices.
Unit Outcomes:
TLO 4.1 Explain IoT Protocols.
TLO 4.2 Write the process to use IoT Wireless networking devices in
developing IoT applications.
TLO 4.3 Explain the method of performing Wi Fi connectivity to WEB.
Course Outcome
Contents:
• Introduction to IoT networking
• IoT Protocols- HTTP, MQTT, CoAP etc.
Introduction to IoT networking
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects that are embedded
with sensors, software, and other technologies to collect and exchange data.
• These objects are referred to as “things” and can range from ordinary household
objects to sophisticated industrial tools.
• IoT networking involves connecting devices, sensors, and other
objects to the internet to collect, process, and share data.
• IoT networks use a variety of protocols, including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and
Zigbee.
Introduction to IoT networking
IoT network components
• Sensors: Devices that collect data from their environment.
• Gateways: Devices that manage, process data, and communicate between
devices .
• Cloud-based platforms: Applications that process and analyze data from
connected devices .
IoT network protocols
• Bluetooth : A short-range protocol that's well-suited for connecting IoT sensors
• Wi-Fi : A commonly used protocol for IoT connectivity
• Zigbee : A low-power mesh network protocol for building and home automation
IoT Protocols
• HTTP
• MQTT
• CoAP
Introduction to IoT networking
IoT Protocols:
• IoT devices use various protocols to communicate with each other and
with central systems.
• Some of the most commonly used IoT communication protocols include:
1. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport): A lightweight
messaging protocol designed for low-bandwidth, high-latency(delay in
n/w), or unreliable networks, ideal for IoT applications.
2. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol): A web transfer protocol
for IoT devices, optimized for low-power devices and networks.
3. HTTP/HTTPS: Traditional web communication protocols used in many
IoT systems.
IoT Protocol - MQTT
• MQTT stands for Message Queuing Telemetry Transport.
• MQTT is a simple, lightweight messaging protocol used to establish
communication between multiple devices.
• This communication protocol is suitable for transmitting data between
resource-constrained devices having low bandwidth and low power
requirements.
• Hence this messaging protocol is widely used for communication in
the IoT Framework.
Publish-Subscribe Model
• This model involves multiple clients
interacting with each other,
without having any direct connection
established between them.
• All clients communicate with other
clients only via a third party known
as a Broker.
IoT Protocol - MQTT
IoT Protocol - HTTP
• HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol.
• Tim Berner invents it.
• HyperText is the type of text that is specially coded with the help of
some standard coding language called HyperText Markup Language
(HTML).
• HTTP/2 is the new version of HTTP.
• HTTP/3 is the latest version of HTTP, which is published in 2022.
• It is a set of rules for transferring data from one computer to another.
• Data such as text, images, and other multimedia files are shared on the
World Wide Web. Whenever a web user opens their web browser, the
IoT Protocol - HTTP
IoT Protocol - CoAP
• CoAP stands for Constrained Application Protocol.
• It is an application layer protocol.
• It is a special web transfer protocol that operates with constrained nodes
and n/w.
• These networks are commonly used for applications such as the Internet
of Things (IoT), where devices may have limited processor, memory, and
power resources.
• The data from one resource to another resource is transferred in the form
of CoAP message packets.
• The Client requests for some resources and in response to that, the server
sends some response over which the client sends an acknowledgement.
IoT Protocol - CoAP
CoAP Message
Format
