Dynamic Routing
CCNA1-1
Role of Dynamic Routing Protocol
• Exchange of routing information between routers.
• Dynamically learn information about remote networks and add routes
to routing tables.
• Determines the best path to each network.
• Automatically finds alternate paths if needed.
CCNA1-2
Classifying Routing Protocols
• Types of routing protocols:
•-Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP)
•-Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP)
Autonomous System
is a group of routers under
a common administration
CCNA1-3
Network Discovery and Routing Table
• Components of Dynamic Routing Protocols:
• Data Structures:
• Tables or databases for their operations, kept in RAM.
• Algorithm:
• An algorithm is a finite list of steps used in accomplishing a task.
• Used for processing routing information and for best-path
determination.
• Routing Protocol Messages:
• Discover neighboring routers.
• Exchange, learn and maintain accurate network routing
information.
CCNA1-4
Distance Vector and Link State
• This type of classification is based of mechanism
of routing protocols.
CCNA1-5
Distance Vector and Link State
• Distance Vector:
• Routes are advertised as vectors of distance and
direction.
• Distance:
• Is defined in terms of a metric.
• Hop Count: The number of routers between the source
and destination networks.
• Direction:Is simply the next-hop router or exit interface.
• (e.g.. Routing Information Protocol - RIP – every 30
seconds)
CCNA1-6
Distance Vector and Link State
• A link-state router:
• Receives an update.
• Builds a topology database.
• Uses a Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm to create its view of the
network.
• Builds the routing table.
(e.g.. Open Shortest Path First - OSPF)
CCNA1-7
Distance Vector and Link State
• 3-Hybrid Hybrid protocols use aspects of both
distance-vector and link-state protocols, and EIGRP
is a great example—even though Cisco typically just
calls EIGRP an advanced distance-vector routing
protocol!
CCNA1-8
Classful and Classless
• This type of classification based on if routing
protocol support VLSM or not:
• Classful routing protocol don’t send subnet mask
information in routing update.
• Classless routing protocol include the subnet mask with
network address in routing update.
CCNA1-9
Dynamic Routing Protocols and Convergence
• Convergence:
• The network has converged when all routers have complete and
accurate information about the network.
• The speed of convergence is an important characteristic of a network.
• Slower Convergence: RIP
• Faster Convergence: EIGRP and OSPF
CCNA1-10
Purpose of Administrative Distance (AD)
Route Source AD • Routers learn about adjacent networks
Direct Connect 0
that are directly connected and about
Static 1
remote networks by using static routes
EIGRP
Summary
5
and dynamic routing protocols.
External BGP 20
• A router might learn of a route to same
Internal EIGRP 90
network from more than one source.
OSPF 110
IS-IS 115
• Three types of Routing Sources.
RIP 120
• Direct Connect
External 170 • Static
EIGRP
• Dynamic Routing Protocol
Internal BGP 200
CCNA1-11
Purpose of a Metric
To route to..
?
• There are times when a router will have multiple paths to
the same destination.
• Metrics are a way to measure and/or compare routes to
determine which route is the best path.
CCNA1-12
Metric Field in the Routing Table
• All routers are running RIP.
• R2 has a route to 192.168.8.0 and is 2 hops away.
CCNA1-13
Load Balancing
• What happens when two or more routes to the same
destination have identical metric values?
• The router load balances among all equal-cost paths.
CCNA1-14
Multiple Routing Sources
• While not as common, R2 above has learned routes to network
192.168.6.0/24 from EIGRP (AD 90) and from
RIP (AD 120).
• The route learned from EIGRP will be installed in the routing table.
CCNA1-15
Routing Protocol Algorithms
Calculate Best Path
Sendand Install Route
Update
Periodic Update
UPDATE
172.16.3.0/24 S0/0/0 1 172.16.3.0/24 1
172.16.1.0/24 S0/0/0 1
CCNA1-16
Routing Protocol Algorithms
Detect and React to Topology Changes
Triggered Update
UPDATE
X
172.16.3.0/24 (DOWN) 1 172.16.3.0/24 (DOWN) 1
172.16.3.0/24 S0/0/0 1 172.16.1.0/24 S0/0/0 1
CCNA1-17
