Building Cloud Environments

Introduction to Computing Environments

• Computing environments refer to the technology
infrastructure and software platforms that are used to
develop, test, deploy, and run software applications.
– Mainframe (large scale data processing)
– Client-Server
– Cloud Computing (resource and services provided through
internet)
– Mobile Computing
– Grid Computing (resources and services shared multiple
computers to perform large scale computation)
– Embedded System ( software is integrated into device and
products)
 Building Cloud Environments
• Application development
• Infrastructure and system development
• Computing platforms and technologies
 Application Development
Web applications
• Applications performance influenced by the workload
generated by the different users demand.
• With the diffusion of Web 2.0 technologies, the Web has
become a platform for developing rich and complex
applications.
• It includes enterprise applications that now leverage the
Internet as the preferred channel for service delivery and
user interaction.
 Application Development
Resource-intensive applications
• These can be either data intensive or compute-intensive
applications.
• For example, scientific applications.
• Resource-intensive applications are not interactive and
they are mostly characterized by batch processing.
– Cloud computing provides application services that mimic the behavior of
desktop applications but that are completely hosted and managed on the
providers side.
– Developers access such services via simple Web interfaces, often
implemented through RREST (Representational State Transfer) Web
services.
Infrastructure and System Development
• IaaS solutions provide the capabilities to add and remove
resources.
• PaaS solutions embed into their core offering algorithms and
rules that control the provisioning process and the lease of
resources.
• Integration between cloud resources and existing system
deployment is another element of concern.
• Web 2.0 technologies constitute the interface through which
cloud computing services are delivered, managed, and
provisioned.
• Virtualization technology is a core feature of the infrastructure
used by cloud providers.
 Computing Platform Technologies
• Development of a cloud computing application happens by
leveraging platforms and frameworks that provide different
types of services, from the bare-metal infrastructure to
customizable applications serving specific purposes.
– Amazon web services (AWS): Provides customers with a
wide array of cloud services.
– Google AppEngine: For developing and hosting web
applications in Google-managed data centers.
– Microsoft Azure: It provides a range of cloud services,
including those for compute, analytics, storage and
networking.
Computing Platform Technologies
– Hadoop: Hadoop is a Java-based framework used to
manipulate data in the cloud or on premises. Hadoop can be
installed on cloud servers to manage Big data whereas cloud
alone cannot manage data without Hadoop in It.
– Salesforce.com: It is a cloud computing SaaS company that
specializes in customer relationship management (CRM).
Salesforce’s services allow businesses to use cloud
technology to better connect with customers, partners and
potential customers.
– Manjrasoft Aneka: It is focused on the creation of innovative
software technologies for simplifying the development and
deployment of applications on private or public Clouds.
Cloud Computing Architecture
 Introduction to Cloud Computing
Architecture
• Cloud computing technology is used by both small and
large organizations to store the information in cloud
and access it from anywhere at anytime using the internet
connection.
• Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-
oriented architecture and event-driven architecture.
• Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following
two parts -
– Front End
– Back End
Architecture
 Cloud Computing Architecture
• Front End
– The front end is used by the client. It contains client-
side interfaces and applications that are required to
access the cloud computing platforms. The front end
includes web servers (including Chrome, Firefox,
internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets,
and mobile devices.
 Cloud Computing Architecture
• Back End
– The back end is used by the service provider. It
manages all the resources that are required to
provide cloud computing services. It includes a huge
amount of data storage, security mechanism,
virtual machines, deploying models, servers, traffic
control mechanisms, etc..
 Components of Cloud Computing
Architecture
• Client Infrastructure:
– Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI
(Graphical User Interface) to interact with the cloud.
• Application:
– The application may be any software or platform that a client
wants to access.
• Service
– A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access
according to the client’s requirement.
 Components of Cloud Computing
Architecture
• Software as a Service (SaaS) :
– It is also known as cloud application services. Mostly, SaaS applications
run directly through the web browser means we do not require to
download and install these applications. Some important example of SaaS
is given below –
– Example: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx.

• Platform as a Service (PaaS)

– It is also known as cloud platform services. It is quite similar to SaaS, but
the difference is that PaaS provides a platform for software creation, but
using SaaS, we can access software over the internet without the need of
any platform.
– Example: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud,
OpenShift.
 Components of Cloud Computing
Architecture
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
– It is also known as cloud infrastructure services. It is responsible
for managing applications data, middleware, and runtime
environments.
– Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute
Engine (GCE), Cisco Metapod.
• Runtime Cloud
– Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime
environment to the virtual machines.
• Storage
– Storage is one of the most important components of cloud
computing. It provides a huge amount of storage capacity in the
cloud to store and manage data.
 Components of Cloud Computing
Architecture
• Infrastructure
– It provides services on the host level, application level, and network level.
Cloud infrastructure includes hardware and software components such as
servers, storage, network devices, virtualization software, and other
storage resources that are needed to support the cloud computing model.
• Management
– Management is used to manage components such as application, service,
runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and other security issues in the
backend and establish coordination between them.
• Security
– Security is an in-built back end component of cloud computing. It
implements a security mechanism in the back end.
• Internet (front end and back end can interact and communicate)
Cloud Delivery Models
 Introduction
• Cloud Computing involves the delivery of all computing
services that include servers, databases, virtual machines,
networks and many more.
• It offers robust services to customers under a pay-as-you-
use model. This greatly reduces the time and resources
used to set up on-premises.
• Big data mainly involves public clouds and private clouds.
Organizations that adopt cloud deployment and delivery
models use private computing resources (data centers and
private clouds) and public services.
 Cloud Delivery Model
• A cloud delivery model represents a specific, pre-packaged
combination of computing resources offered by a cloud
provider. Each model is classified as a different type of
cloud service offering. The three main cloud delivery
models are:
– IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service

– PaaS - Platform as a Service

– SaaS - Software as a Service

• .
 Cloud Delivery Model
• A cloud delivery model represents a specific, pre-packaged
combination of computing resources offered by a cloud
provider. Each model is classified as a different type of
cloud service offering. The three main cloud delivery
models are:
– IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service

– PaaS - Platform as a Service

– SaaS - Software as a Service

• .
Cloud Delivery Model
 Cloud Delivery Model
• IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service
– The IaaS delivery model represents a self-contained environment
that comprises the infrastructure-centric IT resources to access and
manage via cloud service-based interfaces and tools.
– It may include hardware, networks, connectivity, operating
systems, and other resources.
– The general purpose of an IaaS environment is to provide cloud
consumers with a high level of control and responsibility for its
configuration, utilization and management.
– In public IaaS, the customer uses a credit card to use the resources.
When the user stops paying, the resource is no longer provided.
 Cloud Delivery Model
• PaaS – Platform as a Service
– PaaS relies on using a ready-made environment that holds a set of
pre-packaged products and tools to support the entire lifecycle of
custom applications.
– A PaaS requires an IaaS. It brings development and deployment
together to create an easier way to build, deploy, and scale
applications.
– By using PaaS, the cloud consumer is spared the administrative
burden of setting up and maintaining the infrastructure of the
resources provided in the IaaS model.
 Cloud Delivery Model
• SaaS – Software as a Service
– A software program is provided as a cloud service and made
available as a service or utility. Applications are created and hosted
by a provider in a multitenant model.
– A cloud consumer is granted limited administrative control over a
SaaS product. It is entirely provisioned by the cloud provider, but it
can be legally owned by the entity that owns the cloud service.
SPI Model
 Introduction
• The SPI model refers to the most common service models
of cloud computing: software as a service (SaaS), platform
as a service (PaaS) and infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
• Cloud computing is a technology model in which a vendor
provides hosted services to users over the internet. Based
on its business goals, an enterprise can choose to adopt
one, or multiple, of the cloud service types depicted in the
SPI model:
 Introduction
– SaaS is a software distribution model in which a cloud
provider hosts applications on its own infrastructure and
makes them available to users over a network, typically the
internet.
– PaaS is a model in which a cloud provider hosts an
application development platform on its own infrastructure
and makes that platform available to users over the internet.
– IaaS is a model in which a cloud provider hosts servers,
storage, network components and other key parts of IT
infrastructure and then delivers those resources to users
over the internet.
SaaS
 SaaS
– Cloud application services, or Software as a Service
(SaaS), represent the largest cloud market and are still
growing quickly. SaaS uses the web to deliver
applications that are managed by a third-party vendor
and whose interface is accessed on the clients’ side.
– Most SaaS applications can be run directly from a web
browser without any downloads or installations
required, although some require plugins.
 Characteristics of SaaS
– At the SaaS level, the users are subscribing to a
specific software or service.
• Internet login access to the software or application
• Software upgrades, patches and other maintenance are
performed by the provider – not the user
• Software is managed by a single provider from one
location
– SaaS Examples: Google Apps, Salesforce, Workday,
Concur, Citrix GoToMeeting, Cisco WebEx
 PaaS
– Cloud platform services, or Platform as a Service
(PaaS), are used for applications, and other
development, while providing cloud components to
software.
– Characteristics of PaaS
• Develop, test, and deploy applications
• Host, maintain and secure applications
• Scalability of the software
 IaaS
– Cloud infrastructure services, known as Infrastructure as
a Service (IaaS), are self-service models for assessing,
monitoring, and managing remote datacenter
infrastructures, such as compute (virtualized or bare
metal), storage, networking, and networking services
(e.g. firewalls).
– Compared to SaaS and PaaS, IaaS users are responsible
for managing applications, data, runtime, middleware,
and OSes. Providers still manage virtualization, servers,
hard drives, storage, and networking.
 Characteristics of IaaS
– The IaaS cloud is used for everything from building
and validating new applications to operating
production environments that require scalability .
• Delivery of servers, storage, and network hardware
• Scalable computing resources
• Variable cost pricing model
– IaaS Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS),
Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine (GCE),
Joyent
 Common IaaS Use-Case:
– Extends current data center infrastructure for
temporary workloads (e.g. increased Christmas
holiday site traffic)
Cloud Deployment Model
 Introduction
• Choosing the right one from the various types of cloud
service deployment models is essential.
• It would ensure your business is equipped with the
performance, scalability, privacy, security, compliance &
cost-effectiveness it requires.
 Cloud Deployment Model
• It works as your virtual computing environment with a
choice of deployment model depending on how much data
you want to store and who has access to the Infrastructure.
 Types
• Most cloud hubs have tens of thousands of servers and
storage devices to enable fast loading. It is often possible to
choose a geographic area to put the data "closer" to users.
Thus, deployment models for cloud computing are
categorized based on their location.
 Types
• Private Cloud: Resource managed and used by the
organization.
• Public Cloud: Resource available for the general public
under the Pay as you go model.
• Community Cloud: Resource shared by several
organizations, usually in the same industry.
• Hybrid Cloud: This cloud deployment model is partly
managed by the service provided and partly by the
organization.
 Public Cloud
• Public deployment models in the cloud are
perfect for organizations with growing and
fluctuating demands. It also makes a great
choice for companies with low-security
concerns.
Public Cloud
 Public Cloud
• Benefits of Public Cloud
– Minimal Investment - As a pay-per-use service,
there is no large upfront cost and is ideal for
businesses who need quick access to resources
– No Hardware Setup - The cloud service providers
fully fund the entire Infrastructure
– No Infrastructure Management - This does not
require an in-house team to utilize the public cloud.
 Public Cloud
• Limitations of Public Cloud
– Data Security and Privacy Concerns - Since it is
accessible to all, it does not fully protect against
cyber-attacks and could lead to vulnerabilities.
– Reliability Issues - Since the same server network is
open to a wide range of users, it can lead to
malfunction and outages
– Service/License Limitation - While there are many
resources you can exchange with tenants, there is a
usage cap.
 Private Cloud
• Companies that look for cost efficiency and
greater control over data & resources will find
the private cloud a more suitable choice.
• It means that it will be integrated with your data
center and managed by your IT team.
Private Cloud
 Private Cloud
• Benefits:
– Data Privacy - It is ideal for storing corporate data
where only authorized personnel gets access
– Security - Segmentation of resources within the
same Infrastructure can help with better access and
higher levels of security.
– Supports Legacy Systems - This model supports
legacy systems that cannot access the public cloud.
 Private Cloud
• Limitations:
– Higher Cost - With the benefits you get, the
investment will also be larger than the public cloud.
Here, you will pay for software, hardware, and
resources for staff and training.
– Fixed Scalability - The hardware you choose will
accordingly help you scale in a certain direction
– High Maintenance - Since it is managed in-house,
the maintenance costs also increase.
 Community Cloud
• The community cloud operates in a way that is
similar to the public cloud.
• This type of deployment model of cloud
computing is managed and hosted internally or
by a third-party vendor.
Community Cloud
 Community Cloud
• Benefits:
– The community cloud operates in a way that is
similar to the public cloud.
– This type of deployment model of cloud computing
is managed and hosted internally or by a third-party
vendor.
 Community Cloud
• Limitations:
– Shared Resources - Due to restricted bandwidth and
storage capacity, community resources often pose
challenges.
– Not as Popular - Since this is a recently introduced
model, it is not that popular or available across
industries
 Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid cloud is a combination of two or more
cloud architectures
– A company with critical data will prefer storing on a
private cloud, while less sensitive data can be stored
on a public cloud.
Hybrid Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
• Benefits:
– Cost-Effectiveness - The overall cost of a hybrid solution
decreases since it majorly uses the public cloud to store
data.
– Security - Since data is properly segmented, the chances
of data theft from attackers are significantly reduced.
– Flexibility - With higher levels of flexibility, businesses
can create custom solutions that fit their exact
requirements
 Hybrid Cloud
• Limitations:
– Complexity - It is complex setting up a hybrid cloud
since it needs to integrate two or more cloud
architectures
– Specific Use Case - This model makes more sense for
organizations that have multiple use cases or need
to separate critical and sensitive data