MetadataTheory: Introduction to Metadata (5th of 10)

MetadataTheory: Introduction to Metadata (5th of 10)

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  Fourth Floor Introduction to Metadata 4
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  Structure • History ofmetadata • Definitions of metadata • Types of metadata • How are metadata created? • Metadata Schemes • Metadata Lifecycle • Metadata Dimensions • Metadata – Learning Object relationships
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  History
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  100+ 1 Definitions •Data of objects which describes information resources or data (Morville & Rosenfeld) • Describe a discipline that fosters the study of data about data (Sen) • A record that consists of structured information about a resource (Al-Khalifa & Davis)
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  100+ 1 Definitions •Any data which conveys knowledge about an item without requiring examination of the item itself (Haase) • Structured descriptors of information resources, designed to promote information retrieval (Smiraglia)
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  100+ 1 Definitions •Structured information about an information resource of any media type or format(Caplan) • The term metadata is used differently in different communities. Some use it to refer to machine understandable information, while others use it only for records that describe electronic resources. – In the library environment, metadata is commonly used for any formal scheme of resource description, applying to any type of object, digital or non-digital (NISO)
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  100+ 1 Definitions •Structured descriptions, stored as computer data, that attempt to describe the essential properties of other discrete computer data objects (Gill)
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  Why bother? • Metadatais recognized as a critically important, and yet increasingly problematic and complex concept with relevance for information objects as they move through time and space, (Gilliland-Swetland, 2004)
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  Broad Types ofMetadata • Descriptive -Retrieve information – Book title and author name are descriptive metadata. In Windows Explorer- file name, creation date, last modification date, and more. In Microsoft Word the title, subject, author are such examples
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  Broad Types ofMetadata • Processing - Process information – Framemaker's conditional tags are processing metadata because they let authors manipulate the content. The same is true for conditional tags in HATs (Help Authoring Tools)
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  Broad Types ofMetadata • Administrative -Manage information – This varies widely, but examples are author name, creation date, last modification date, and "owner".
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  Broad Types ofMetadata • Semantic metadata can be defined as – “linking related terms to one another” (Haase, 2004) – “the process of attaching semantic descriptions to Web resources by linking them to a number of classes and properties defined in Ontologies” (Scerri et al., 2005)
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  Specific Types ofMetadata • Administrative – Metadata used in managing & administering collections & information resources • Descriptive – Metadata used to identify & describe collections & information resources • Preservation – Metadata related to the preservation management of collections & information resources
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  Specific Types ofMetadata • Technical – Metadata related to how a system functions or metadata behaves • Use – Metadata related to the level and type of use of collections and information resources
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  Towards Semantic Metadata
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  Distinctions Source of metadata Internal External Method of creation Automatic Manual Natureof Metadata Expert NonExpert Status of Metadata Static Dynamic Short-term Long-term Structure of Metadata Structured Unstructured Semantics of Metadata Controlled Uncontrolled Type of Metadata Collection-level Item-level
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  Creation of Metadata •Automated – By commercial search engines – Automatic indexing tools • Manual (Human) – Professional metadata creators – Technical metadata creators – Content creators – Community/subject enthusiasts
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  Metadata “in order” •A Metadata Scheme provides a formal structure designed to identify the knowledge structure of a given discipline and to link that structure to the information of the discipline through the creation of an information system that will assist the identification, discovery, and use of information within that discipline
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  Metadata Lifecycle
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  Metadata record &Learning Object relationships
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  One to one? •This might be true for descriptive metadata • But what about having social metadata or contextual metadata in place? Digital Learning object Metadata …is attached to one record of…
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  One to many? Digital Learning object Metadata …canhave multiple records of… • For different contexts of learning • From different users (e.g. social metadata) Metadata
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  Many to many? •Different versions (other resolution) that have same metadata for the biggest part • Same resources enriched in other repositories A1 Metadata Metadata A1 v1.2 Copy of A1
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  Fourth Floor Policies &Copyrights for e-Learning Next stop: 5th Floor – Metadata Specifications & Standards 4