Android Development: The Basics

Developing Android Apps: The Basics
Mike Desjardins

Who Am I?
• Independent Consultant - Ceres Logic
Software Engineer at ELC Technologies
• Professional Programmer 15 years
• Mostly Java, lately lots of JRuby on Rails
• Developed a several Android Apps in the
Android Market Hi.
• Haven’t done much iOS
• Twitter: @cereslogic
Developing for Android:
The Basics 2

What’s In This Presentation?

• What is Android?
• Activities and Intents
• Views
• Permissions
• Other Facilities
• Marketplace
The Basics 3

What is Android?

• Open Handset Alliance - 80 Firms incl.
Google, HTC, Dell, Motorola, LG, etc.
• Custom Linux-based Kernel (forked)
• Dalvik Virtual Machine
• Apache Harmony
• Native code can be written using the NDK
(non-standard C Library, Bionic)

The Basics 4

Android’s Layers
User applications: Contacts, phone, browser, etc.
Application managers: windows, content, activities, telephony,
location, notiﬁcations, etc.
Android Runtime: Java via Dalvik VM
Libraries: graphics, media, database, communications, browser
engine, etc.

Linux kernel, including device drivers
Hardware device with speciﬁc capabilities such as GPS, camera,
Bluetooth, etc.
Abelson, W. Frank & Sen, Robi (2011) Unlocking Android, Second Edition (Fig. 1.4). Greenwich, CT: Manning Publications.

The Basics 5

What is Android: Dalvik VM
• Created by Dan Bornstein
• Register Based instead of Stack Based
• Interprets .dex files
.java .class
Java .class
.class .dex
source Compiler file dx Compiler
file
files file
code

• Packaged w/ resources in .apk files
The Basics 6

Versions in the Wild

95% of Android Devices are between version 2.1 (Éclair)
and version 2.3 (Gingerbread)
As of June 1, 2011
http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.html

The Basics 7

Versions in the Wild, cont.

Skicast Free Skicast Pro

Tidecast
The Basics 8

Handsets in the Wild

Skicast Free Skicast Pro

Tidecast
The Basics 9

What is “Rooting” ?
• Processes in the Android system run under an
unprivileged user account

• Default user can’t access all of the ﬁlesystem, or
some of the more interesting APIs (e.g., enabling
mobile hotspot, setting CPU speed)

• “Rooting” is ﬁnding back door shell access, and
copying a program conceptually similar to su or
sudo onto your phone.

• Custom ROMs are something completely different.

The Basics 10

Development Environment
• Eclipse + ADT is the “default”
• Android SDK comes w/ command line
tools and emulator (adb)

The Basics 11

Activities
• Typical applications have (along with some
other stuff) a collection of “Activities”
• An Activity roughly corresponds to a
screen
• There is no correspondence among
Process/VM/Applications/Activities
• Class inheriting from android.app.Activity
• Started by “Intents” (more on those later)
The Basics 12

I.e., Don’t Use Task Killers in a
misguided attempt to extend
battery life!

Android Task Killer Apps = Worse Than Useless
The Basics 13

Activity Lifecycle
Entire Lifetime - Between
onCreate and onDestroy

Visible Lifetime -
Between onStart and onStop

Foreground Lifetime -
Between onResume and
onPause

Image: http://developer.android.com/images/activity_lifecycle.png

The Basics 14

Demo Time!

The Basics 15

Views
• Android allows you to be quite Model-
View-Controllery
• Views contain UI elements displayed on the
screen by an Activity (controller)
• Can be deﬁned in XML or programatically
• Views are nested, topmost is a LayoutView
• setContentView(viewId) or
setContentView(view)
The Basics 16

Our Hello World Demo View
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf‐8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/
res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
<TextView  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
    android:text="@string/hello"
    />
</LinearLayout>

The Basics 17

res/android"
Which direction
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" we’re ﬁlling
    >
<TextView  
    />
</LinearLayout>

The Basics 18

res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" ﬁll_parent
    > match_parent
<TextView  
wrap_content
    />
</LinearLayout>

The Basics 19

res/android"
    >
<TextView  
    android:text="@string/hello" what the???
    />
</LinearLayout>

The Basics 20

Resources
• Resources go into the res
directory
• Different Types: strings,
layouts, drawables, arbitrary
XML, styles, raw, etc.
• Referenced in XML using
identiﬁers preﬁxed with an at
sign (@) followed by type
• Handles / IDs end up in the
mysterious “R” class
The Basics 21

R
• Autogenerated by
/* AUTO‐GENERATED FILE.  DO NOT MODIFY.
 *
 * This class was automatically generated by the
 * aapt tool from the resource data it found.  It
 * should not be modified by hand. Android’s compile
 */

package com.cereslogic.demo01;
tools
public final class R {
    public static final class attr { • Scans res folder,
creates R in your
    }
    public static final class drawable {
        public static final int icon=0x7f020000;
    }
    public static final class layout {
gen folder w/ the
        public static final int main=0x7f030000;
    } same package
name as your app.
    public static final class string {
        public static final int app_name=0x7f040001;
        public static final int hello=0x7f040000;
    }
}

The Basics 22

Referring to Resources in Java
package com.cereslogic.demo01;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class Hello extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
    }
}

Here’s an example!

The Basics 23

Let’s add a Button!
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://
schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    >
<TextView  
    android:text="@string/hello" First we’ll add
    />
<Button the button to
     android:layout_height="wrap_content" our view in
     android:layout_width="wrap_content"
     android:text="@string/deliver_bacon" main.xml.
     android:onClick="deliverBacon" />
</LinearLayout>

The Basics 24

Let’s add a Button!
<resources>
    <string name="hello">Hello World, Hello!</string>
    <string name="app_name">AndroidPresentation</string>
    <string name="deliver_bacon">Please Deliver Bacon!</string>
</resources>

add the string to
values.xml

Let’s try it out...
The Basics 25

Demo Time

The Basics 26

Uh Oh!
That’ll get you a one star review in the App Market.

Let’s check logcat to see
what went wrong...

The Basics 27

DOH!
E/AndroidRuntime( 523): Uncaught handler: thread main exiting due to uncaught exception
E/AndroidRuntime( 523): java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not ﬁnd a method deliverBacon(View) in the activity
E/AndroidRuntime( 523):
at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:2016)
at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:2344)
at android.view.View.onTouchEvent(View.java:4133)
.
.
.

OOPS. We forgot to write the
deliverBacon
method in our Activity.
It got called when
onClick was ﬁred.

The Basics 28

Add a method for that...
package com.cereslogic.androidpreso;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    }

    public void deliverBacon(View view) {
      Log.i("Demo App", "TODO: Figure Out How To Deliver Bacon!");
    }
}

the view passed in is the button that was tapped

The Basics 29

Demo Time

The Basics 30

Yeah... that was pretty lame.
Bacon makes everything better, so...

The Basics 31

Yeah... that was pretty lame.
Bacon makes everything better, so...

...let’s add a picture of bacon!
Photo Credit: Shawn Zamechek (shawnzam), Licensed under Creative Commons (CC BY 2.0), http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/shawnzam/31302636/

The Basics 31

Now Things Start To Get Ugly

• We are supporting devices with multiple
screen densities.
• Good News: Android provides a way to
support multiple screen densities
• Bad News: We will probably want to
include four copies of our bacon picture in
our app

The Basics 32

Screen Densities

• Android currently generalizes screens into
four categories of screen density
• LDPI (low) - QVGA, 120dpi, ~240x320
• MDPI (medium) - HVGA, 160dpi, ~320x480
• HDPI (high) - WVGA, 240dpi, ~480x800
• XHDPI (xtra high) - ? 320dpi, Added in
Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)

The Basics 33

Bacon should Fill the Screen!
• We want Bacon to ﬁll the width of the
screen in HIGH DEFINITION, so we will
make four sizes

LDPI
MDPI
320x240
HDPI
480x360
XHDPI
640x480

The Basics 34

Add Bacon...
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/
apk/res/android"
    >
<TextView  
    />  
<Button
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:text="@string/deliver_bacon"
     android:onClick="deliverBacon" />
<ImageView
     android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
     android:layout_width="fill_parent"
     android:src="@drawable/bacon"/>
</LinearLayout>

Now let’s try that out...
The Basics 35

Bacon Time

The Basics 36

Meh. That’s still pretty lame
We could make the bacon only appear when
the button is clicked...
1 Make the bacon’s default state hidden:

visible, invisible, or gone
<ImageView
     android:visibility="invisible"

The Basics 37

2 Put an ID on our bacon:
The @+id in our XML is special magic that
causes the Android build tools to generate an
handle w/ an ID for the view in the R object
<ImageView
     android:id="@+id/bacon_image"
     android:visibility="invisible"

The Basics 38

3 Wire up the Button listener to do something:

      ImageView i = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.bacon_image);
      if (i.getVisibility() == View.INVISIBLE) {
        i.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
      } else {
        i.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
      }
    }

Let’s try that out!
The Basics 39

Blinky Bacon Time

The Basics 40

ListViews

• Probably the most common UI Element is a
ListView
• Allows you to scroll through a selection of
items and choose one
• Next we’ll add a list of bacon-related treats
to our app!

The Basics 41

Create a List of Treats
1 Put our list entries into strings.xml

<resources>
    <string name="hello">Hello World, Hello!</string>
    <string name="app_name">AndroidPresentation</string>
    <string name="deliver_bacon">Please Deliver Bacon!</string>
    <string name="show_bacon_treats">Show me treats!</string>
    <string name="bacon_treat_list">Bacon Treat List</string>
    <string name="bacon_plain">Bacon (Plain)</string>
    <string name="bacon_lettuce_tomato_sandwich">Bacon, Lettuce, Tomato sandwich</string>
    <string name="bacon_and_eggs">Bacon and Eggs</string>
    <string name="bacon_cheeseburger">Bacon Cheeseburger</string>
    <string name="bacon_bits">Bacon Bits</string>
    <string name="bacon_ice_cream">Bacon Ice Cream</string>
    <string name="bacon_chewing_gum">Bacon Chewing Gum</string>
    <string name="bacon_lollipop">Bacon Lollipop</string>
</resources>

The Basics 42

Create a List of Treats, cont.
2 Create a TextView to hold our list entries

<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  android:textSize="24.0dip"
  android:padding="4.0dip"
  android:id="@+id/empty_text_view">
</TextView>

Wait... a TextView? Don’t you mean ListView or something?
Nope - this is what each list item will contain.
The Basics 43

Create a new Activity class that inherits
3 from ListActivity
public class BaconTreats extends ListActivity {
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      //setContentView(R.layout.treat_list); unneeded ListActivity provides a default
      
      ArrayAdapter<String> aa = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,R.layout.empty);
      aa.add(getResources().getString(R.string.bacon_plain));
      aa.add(getResources().getString(R.string.bacon_and_eggs));
      aa.add(getResources().getString(R.string.bacon_bits));
      aa.add(getResources().getString(R.string.bacon_cheeseburger));
      aa.add(getResources().getString(R.string.bacon_chewing_gum));
      aa.add(getResources().getString(R.string.bacon_ice_cream));
      aa.add(getResources().getString(R.string.bacon_lettuce_tomato_sandwich));
      aa.add(getResources().getString(R.string.bacon_lollipop));
      setListAdapter(aa);
  }
} Converts objects to things appearing in ListView
The Basics 44

Add the new Activity to the Manifest
4 (hey waitaminute - what’s a Manifest?)
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="com.cereslogic.androidpreso"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
        <activity android:name=".Hello"
                  android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent‐filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent‐filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".BaconTreats"
                  android:label="@string/bacon_treat_list">
    </application>
</manifest>

The Basics 45

4 So... what is a Manifest?

• AndroidManifest.xml in the root directory
of the project.
• Describes Activities in your project and any
intents that should activate them (hey
waitaminute - what’s an Intent? We’ll get to
that in a minute)
• Describes application permissions, version,
name, req’d API version, other stuff
The Basics 46

ListActivity is ready
• We’ve created our ListActivity, now how
do we get to it?
• We’ll add an ugly little button in our Main
screen that launches the list:
<Button
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:text="@string/show_bacon_treats"
     android:onClick="showBaconTreats" />

Now we need to implement the
showBaconTreats method...
The Basics 47

showBaconTreats
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */ Hey - there’s one of
those Intent things
    }
again...
    public void showBaconTreats(View view) {
      Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
      intent.setComponent(
        new ComponentName("com.cereslogic.androidpreso","com.cereslogic.androidpreso.BaconTreats")
      );
      startActivity(intent);
    }
    
      ImageView i = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.bacon_image);
      if (i.getVisibility() == View.INVISIBLE) {
        i.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
      } else {
        i.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
      }
    }
}

The Basics 48

Et Voila!

The Basics 49

Intents
• In some ways, Android resembles a Service-
oriented Architecture (SOA)

• An Intent represents the user’s desire to
accomplish something

• An app can create an Intent without knowing or
caring what Activity will receive it

• Applications create Intent Filters in their
manifests, indicating Activities (or other things like
BroadcastReceivers) that would like to be notiﬁed
of Intents

The Basics 50

Intent Resolution
• Two types of Intents:
• Explicit - identifies a Component Name
(a specific Activity class) to be started. This
is how we launched our ListActivity earlier
• Implicit - does not name a target
Activity, instead identifies an action, a
category, and data and/or data type
• Typical “Actions”: ACTION_VIEW,
ACTION_DIAL, ACTION_EDIT, etc.

The Basics 51

Examples of Implicit Intents
• Data is given in URL format: scheme://data

• ACTION_VIEW contacts://people/1
shows the contact who’s identifier is 1.

• ACTION_DIAL tel://2075551212 shows
the dialer with 207-555-1212 filled in.

• Normally the data type is inferred by the scheme,
but you can force it to a specific MIME type in the
Intent constructor

• “Categories” are sometimes used to further refine
which Activities may be launched

The Basics 52

What if more than one intent
will work?
• If more than one Activity is registered to
receive an intent, Android will ask the user
which Activity they want to launch

• This is how people build things like
alternate dialers or text messaging apps
The Basics 53

Declaring supported Intents
• If an Activity wants to make itself available
to receive speciﬁc Intents, it declares them
in its application’s Manifest

Allows our     <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">

app to be a             <intent‐filter>

target for             </intent‐filter>
        <activity android:name=".BaconShare"
photo                   android:label="@string/bacon_share">

sharing
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_SEND" />
                <data android:mimeType="image/png" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            </intent‐filter>                  
</manifest>

The Basics 54

Declaring supported Intents
• First Activity launched by your App gets the
MAIN/LAUNCHER intent:
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
            </intent‐filter>
        <activity android:name=".BaconShare"
                  android:label="@string/bacon_share">
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_SEND" />
                <data android:mimeType="image/png" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            </intent‐filter>                  
</manifest>

The Basics 55

Permissions
• To use some of the facilities in the device,
you need to declare that you will use them
in the Manifest.
• The user is informed of these permissions
when he or she downloads your
application.
• Examples: Location (Fine and Coarse), WiFi
state, Network state, Call, Camera,
Internet, Send/Receive SMS, Read Contacts

The Basics 56

Common Idioms

The Basics 57

Common Idioms
• Android makes extensive use of callbacks

• Example of selecting an item from a ListView,
passing that value to the next activity, and exiting:
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
  public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
    selected = (String)myListAdapter.getItem(position);
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
    intent.setComponent(
      new ComponentName("com.cereslogic.androidpreso",
                        "com.cereslogic.androidpreso.NextActivity")
    );
    intent.putExtra("selected", selected); // avail to NextActivity via getIntent()
    startActivity(intent);
    finish();  // called when we don’t want to come back here when user presses back.
  }
});

The Basics 58

Common Idioms

• Separate “Handler” with a
progress dialog when
asynchronous stuff may take a
while
• If you don’t do this, Android may
just decide to kill your application

The Basics 59

Time-consuming Async Tasks
private class BaconFryingTask extends AsyncTask<BaconInputType, BaconProgressType, BaconResultType> {
  @Override
  protected BaconResultType doInBackground(BaconInputType... params) {
    Bacon bacon = BaconFactory.createInstance(params[0]);
    bacon.sizzle(Bacon.CRISPY);       
    publishProgress(new BaconProgressType(50));
    bacon.flip();
    bacon.sizzle(Bacon.CRISPY);       
    publishProgress(new BaconProgressType(100));
    return bacon;
  }

  @Override
  protected void onProgressUpdate(BaconProgressType... params) {
    Integer progress = params[0].getPercentCooked();
    setProgressPercent(progress);    
  }

  @Override
  protected void onPostExecute(BaconResultType result) {
    Log.d(“BaconFryingTask”, “The Bacon is ready!”);
  }
}

To kick off the task...
new BaconFryingTask().execute(params);

The Basics 60

Demo Time!

The Basics 61

Code for the Bad Bacon Joke
public class BadBaconJoke extends Activity {
  private ProgressDialog progressDialog;

  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    this.progressDialog = 
     ProgressDialog.show(this, "working...", 
                        "Some pancakes, eggs, and bacon walk into a bar. Bartender looks at them and says...");
     new PunchlineTask().execute();
  }
 
  private class PunchlineTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> {
    protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
      try {
        Thread.sleep(8000);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) { /* Don’t ever do this */ } 
      return "...hey! We don't serve breakfast here!";
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
      progressDialog.dismiss();
      new AlertDialog.Builder(BadBaconJoke.this)
          .setMessage(result).setCancelable(false).setTitle("Punchline")
          .setPositiveButton("Groan", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
              Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Sorry.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
          }).show();
    }
  }
}

The Basics 62

BroadcastReceiver
• Used for receiving events. Intended for short
“trigger” style events, not long running activities (use
Services for those)
• Examples: Incoming Phone Call, Text Message
• Registered using Intent Filters, just like Activities
• No View associated with them
• Can be registered statically in the manifest, or at
runtime
• Instance goes away when you’re ﬁnished processing
• Ordered or (more typically) Unordered

The Basics 63

Trivial BroadcastReceiver Example
Sorry, no Bacon this time...
public class WiFiChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
  private final static String TAG = "WiFiChangeReceiver";
 
  @Override Receiver
  public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    Log.d(TAG, "In onReceive."); class
    doSomethingAsynchronouslyInTheBackground();
  }
}

<receiver android:name="com.cereslogic.demo.WiFiChangeReceiver" 
          android:enabled="true">
  <intent‐filter>
    <action android:name="android.net.wifi.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED" /> Manifest
</intent‐filter>
</receiver>

The Basics 64

(Demo if there is time)

The Basics 65

Services
• Long-running background processes

• Need to be started and stopped by an Application
(e.g., in a BroadcastReceiver), but otherwise run
independently of the applications with which
they’re associated

• “Foreground” services are less likely to be killed by
the OS

• Great way to drain batteries

• Big sloppy half-hearted example on the next slide

The Basics 66

Service Example
public class LocalService extends Service {
  private NotificationManager notificationManager;
  private int NOTIFICATION = R.string.local_service_started;

  @Override
  public void onCreate() {
    notificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
    showNotification();
  }

  @Override
  public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    // We want this service to continue running until it is explicitly
    // stopped, so return sticky.
    return START_STICKY;
  }

  @Override
  public void onDestroy() {
    notificationManager.cancel(NOTIFICATION);
    Toast.makeText(this, R.string.local_service_stopped, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }

  private void showNotification() {
    CharSequence text = getText(R.string.local_service_started);
    Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.notification_icon, text, System.currentTimeMillis());
    PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, AnActivity.class), 0);
    notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.local_service_label), text, contentIntent);
    notificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION, notification);
  }
}

Kick it off like this...
context.startService(new Intent(context, LocalService.class));

The Basics 67

Location Services
• A little weird to program for
• Can’t just ask the system “hey, where am I
right now?”
• Two Options:
• Last known location
• Sample location at rate X, and register to
be notiﬁed when location changes by
more than X from the previous location

The Basics 68

Very Simple Location Example
public class LocationClient implements LocationListener {
  private static final Long MIN_UPDATE_INTERVAL = 1000L;
  private static final float MIN_DISTANCE_SENSITIVITY = 100.0f;
  private LocationManager locationManager;
  private Location location = null;

  public void determineLocation() {
    this.locationManager = (LocationManager)this.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);
    String bestProvider = this.getBestLocationProvider();
    this.locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(bestProvider, MIN_UPDATE_INTERVAL, MIN_DISTANCE_SENSITIVITY, this);
  }

  private String getBestLocationProvider() {
    Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
    criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_COARSE);
    criteria.setAltitudeRequired(false);
    criteria.setBearingRequired(false);
    criteria.setSpeedRequired(false);
    String bestProvider = this.locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);
    return bestProvider;
  }

  // Required by LocationListener...
  public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
    this.location = location;
    logLocation(location);
    this.locationManager.removeUpdates(this);
  }

  public Location getLocation() {
    return this.location;
  }
}

The Basics 69

Android Market
• No wait to publish apps - upload in the
developer console, and it’s available to
everybody.
• Buyer’s currency
• In-app purchases
• Google Checkout for purchases, 2.9%
discount rate
• Google’s cut of app price: 30%
The Basics 70

Developer Console

The Basics 71

Developer Console
stats (earlier in presentation)
user comments error reports

in-app
purchases

The Basics 72

Developer Console - Error Reports

The Basics 73

Developer Console - Error Reports

The Basics 74

Questions?

The Basics 75

Android Development: The Basics

In this document