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Brain chips seminar ppt
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- 3. OVERVIEW OF BRAINCHIPS •Introduction • Evolution towards implantable brain chips. • Achievements. • Benefits of brain chips. • Drawbacks of brain chips. • Future of brain chips. • Conclusion.
- 4. INTRODUCTION • Brain implantsare technological devices that connect directly to a biological subject's brain • Are usually placed on the surface of the brain, or attached to the brain's cortex. • Brain chips can enhance memory of human beings,help paralysed patients and are intended for military purposes.
- 5. • It developsdirect interface between brain and computers. • Implantable computer chips acts as sensors and even provide fluency in new language. • A common purpose of modern brain implants a is establishing a biomedical dysfunctional after a stroke or other head injuries. • Brain Gate is a device that was designed to help those who have lost control of their
- 6. EVOLUTION TOWARDS BRAIN CHIPS •It is the most complicated area of research. • JOSE DELGADO in 1950 implanted electrodes in animal brains and attached them to a “stimoceiver” under the skull.
- 8. • Studies inhuman subjects with implanted electrodes have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the depth of brain can induce pleasurable manifestations, as evidenced by spontaneous verbal reports of patients their, facial expression and general behaviour,and their desire to repeat the experience. • Many mysteries of the brain were unfolded like The sensation of suffering pain could be reduced by stimulating frontal lobes of the brain.
- 10. • A chipin braingate system is of 100 hair thin electrodes. • It senses electromagnetic signature of neutrons. • The brain chip provides fast and realible connection between the brain of severely disabled person and personnel computer.
- 11. BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY •Braingate isa technology that can be implemented in the brain. When it is implemented in the brain, the electrical signal is exchanged by neurons within the brain. Those signals are sent to the brain and it executes body movement. All the signalling process is handled by a special software. The signal is sent to the computer and then the computer is controlled by patient.
- 12. PRINCIPLE •With intact brainfunction ,brain signals are generated even though they are not sent to arms,legs and hands. •The signals are interpreted and transmitted into cursor movements.
- 13. HARDWARE COMPONENTS •The chip •Theconnector •The converter •The computer
- 14. THE CHIP • AFour millimeter square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin, micro electrodes is embedded in brain’s primary motor cortex. • The sensors detects tiny electrical signals generated when a user imagines.
- 15. THE CONNECTOR •The signalfrom the brain is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull
- 16. CONVERTER • The signaltravels to an amplifier where it is converted to optical data and bounced by fibre-optic cable to a computer.
- 17. COMPUTER • A brain-computerinterface uses electrophysiological signals to control remote devices. • The Brain Computer Interface which are invasive is preferable. • The electrodes pick up the brain’s electrical activity (at the microvolt level) and carry it into amplifiers.
- 18. COMPUTER • These amplifiersamplify the signal approximately ten thousand times and then pass the signal via an analog to digital converter to a computer for processing. • The computer processes the EEG signal and uses it in order to accomplish tasks such as communication and environmental
- 19. Achievements In ThisField • Brain “pace makers” They are implantable silicon neurons that would perform the function of a part of brain that has been damaged by stroke or epilepsy.
- 20. Retinomorphic chip • Retinomorphicchip is a silicon device similar to the human eye, picks out the kinds of features and facial patterns that we use to recognize people and read their emotional state. • It contains nearly 6000 photoreceptors and 4000 synthetic nerve connections .The chip is only 1/8 th the size of retina .It uses only 0.06 watts.
- 22. Remote controlled Rat •Movement signals are transmitted from computer to the brain of rat through a radio receiver strapped to its back. • Military purposes and human rescue operations
- 23. Challenges Faced by Scientists •Interface between biology and technology. • Giving a paralyzed person complete control over robotic arms. • Decreasing the size of chip.
- 24. Applications: • Navigate Internet. •Play Computer Games. • Turn Lights On and Off. • Control Television. • Control Robotic Arm.
- 25. • This technologyis well supported by the latest fields of • Biomedical Instrumentation, • Micro electronics, signal processing, • Artificial Neural Networks and Robotics which has overwhelming developments. • Hope these systems will be effectively implemented for many Biomedical applications.
- 26. FIRST PATIENT • Thefirst patient, Matthew Nagle, a 25 year old man with a severe spinal cord injury, has been paralyzed from the neck down since 2001. Nagle is unable to move his arms and legs after he was stabbed in the neck.
- 27. Benefits of BrainChips • It will increase the dynamic ranging of senses. • It will give light to blind and give paralyzed patients full mental control of limbs. • No genetic modifications in the next generation.
- 28. Disadvantages: • Research isstill in the beginning stages. • The current technology is crude. • Ethical issues may prevent its development. • Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the brain. • Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain. • Safety • Individual needs are not realized. • It may create social inequality.
- 29. Conclusion The BrainGatehelps the patients who cannot perform even simple actions without the help of another person. Such paitents are able to do things like checking e-mails, turn the TV on or off, and control a prosthetic arm with just their thoughts.
- 30. • Brain Chiptechnology does not promise miracles. For instance, say that a paralysed man will one day walk using an artificial leg by his thoughts alone.
- 31. REFERENCES • BrainGate getsa new lease on life, The Boston Globe, August, 2009 • ^ Jump up to:a b BrainGate intellectual property and patents • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrainGate • https://www.slideshare.net/CrGaurav/brain- chips • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_implant