C++_Functions_Detailed_Presentation.pptx

C++_Functions_Detailed_Presentation.pptx

• 1.
  Introduction to Functions •Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task. • They help in code modularity and organization. • Example: • int add(int a, int b) { • return a + b; • }
• 2.
  Why Use Functionsin C++? • • Avoids code repetition • • Improves readability and maintainability • • Enhances debugging and testing • • Encourages modular programming • Example: • Instead of writing the same logic multiple times, use a function: • void greet() { • cout << "Hello, World!"; • }
• 3.
  Types of Functions •• Built-in Functions (e.g., sqrt(), pow()) • • User-defined Functions • • Recursive Functions • Example of built-in function: • double result = sqrt(25); // result = 5
• 4.
  Function Declaration, Definition, andCalling • • Declaration: Specifies the function prototype • • Definition: Contains the function body • • Calling: Executes the function • Example: • // Declaration • int multiply(int, int); • // Definition • int multiply(int x, int y) { • return x * y; • } • // Calling • int result = multiply(4, 5); // result = 20
• 5.
  Function Parameters andReturn Values • • Functions can take parameters and return values. • • If no return value is needed, use 'void'. • Example: • int square(int num) { • return num * num; • } • int result = square(6); // result = 36
• 6.
  Pass by Valuevs. Pass by Reference • • Pass by Value: Function gets a copy of the argument. • • Pass by Reference: Function gets a reference to the actual argument. • Example: • void modify(int &x) { • x += 10; • } • int num = 5; • modify(num); • // num is now 15
• 7.
  Function Overloading • •Multiple functions with the same name but different parameters. • Example: • int add(int a, int b) { • return a + b; • } • double add(double a, double b) { • return a + b; • }
• 8.
  Inline Functions • •Used for small functions to reduce function call overhead. • • Defined using the 'inline' keyword. • Example: • inline int cube(int x) { • return x * x * x; • }
• 9.
  Recursive Functions inDepth • • A function that calls itself. • • Used for problems like factorial calculation, Fibonacci series, etc. • Example: • int factorial(int n) { • if (n == 0) return 1; • return n * factorial(n - 1); • }
• 10.
  Best Practices inUsing Functions • • Keep functions short and focused. • • Use meaningful names. • • Avoid global variables. • • Document functions properly. • Example: • // Bad function naming • void f() {...} • // Good function naming • void calculateArea() {...}
• 11.
  Conclusion & Q&A •Functions improve code reusability, readability, and maintainability. • Use functions wisely to write efficient C++ programs. • Any Questions?