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C# basics
The document provides an overview of the basics of C# 2008 .NET 3.0/3.5, including the basic structure of a C# program, namespaces, classes, methods, variables, data types, operators, flow control, arrays, namespaces, console input/output, and comments. It discusses key concepts such as object-oriented programming fundamentals, console applications in Visual Studio 2008, and more advanced topics such as checked and unchecked operators.
In this document
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Basics of C# 2008 and introductions to .NET 3.0/3.5, objectives include namespace, class, and I/O understanding.
Structure of a basic C# program and handling command-line input with Main() method, including input conversion.
Interactive user input via command line utilizing Console.ReadLine() and related conversion functions.
Fundamentals of OOP including class, methods, attributes, and concepts like encapsulation, inheritance.
Overview of VS 2008 functionalities like Solution, IntelliSense, syntax checking, properties, and explorer tools.
Introduction to variable types, initialization, scopes, clashes, and constants in C#.
Details on C# integer types through CTS names with specifications for signed and unsigned integers.
Overview of floating-point types and decimal type specifications, detailing their precision and uses.
Introduction to the bool type used for binary states and char type representing Unicode characters.
A list and explanation of escape sequences used in strings for special character representations.
Overview of object and string types which are important reference types in C#.
Key methods associated with object type: Equals(), GetHashCode(), GetType(), ToString().
Exploration of the string type and its functionalities within C# programs.
Overview of different operators: Arithmetic, Logical, Comparison, and their uses in the syntax.
Examples of checked and unchecked operators, demonstrating exception handling in C#.
Explanation of 'is', 'as', 'sizeof', and 'typeof' operators for type checking and conversions.
Understanding implicit and explicit type conversions along with boxing and unboxing concepts.
Introduction to flow control statements in C# including conditionals, loops, and jumps.
Detailed exploration of if-else controls, switches, and various looping constructs in C#.
How to utilize enumerations in C#, illustrated with switch statements.
Fundamentals of arrays, their structure, and usage within C# programs.
Overview of namespaces and their significance in organizing code in C#.
Explanation of the 'using' statement for managing resources and namespaces.
Different compilation options for creating various types of C# applications in VS.
Overview of console input and output methods like Console.ReadLine and Console.WriteLine.
Different commenting styles in C#, including internal, single-line, multiline, and XML documentation.
C# basics
- 1. Basicsof C# 2008 .NET 3.0/3.5
- 2. Session Objectives Whatis C#? Understand the basic structure of a C# program. Obtain a basic familiarization of what a "Namespace" is. Obtain a basic understanding of what a Class is. Learn what a Main method does. Learn how to obtain command-line input. Learn about console input/output (I/O).
- 3. Basic Structure ofC# Program // Namespace Declaration using System; // Program start class class WelcomeCSS { // Main begins program execution. static void Main() { // Write to console Console.WriteLine("Welcome to the C# !"); } }
- 4. Getting Command-Line InputWhat is meant by command line arguments? How to take command line input? How to convert command line input to required type? Structure of Main() method in C#
- 5. Interactive via CommandLine Taking input from user interactively Usage of Console.ReadLine() Conversion Functions
- 6. Object Oriented ProgrammingFundamentals Class Object Method Attribute Abstraction Encapsulation Polymorphism Inheritance Differences b/w object based and OO languages
- 7. Console Application inVS 2008 What is Solution (.sln)? IntelliSense Automatic Syntax checking Properties Window Solution Explorer Server Explorer
- 8. Basics Variables Initializationof Variables Scope of Variables Scope Clashes for Local Variables Scope Clashes for Fields and Local Variables Constants C# Data Types Value Types Reference Types
- 9. Integer Types NameCTS Type Description sbyte System.Sbyte 8-bit signed integer short System.Int16 16-bit signed integer int System.Int32 32-bit signed integer long System.Int64 64-bit signed integer byte System.Byte 8-bit unsigned integer ushort System.UInt16 16-bit unsigned integer uint System.UInt32 32-bit unsigned integer ulong System.UInt64 64-bit unsigned integer
- 10. Floating-Point Types NameCTS Type Description float System.Single 32-bit single-precision floating point double System.Double 64-bit double precision floating point
- 11. Decimal Type NameCTS Type Description decimal System.Decimal 128-bit high precision decimal notation
- 12. Boolean Type bool type can store either true/false.
- 13. Character Type NameCTS Type Description char System.Char 16-bit Unicode character
- 14. Escape Sequences EscapeSequence Character \’ Single quotation mark \” Double quotation mark \\ Backslash \0 Null \a Alert \b Backspace \f Form feed \n New line \r Carriage return \t Tab character \v Vertial tab
- 15. Predefined Reference TypesName CTS Type Description object System.Object The root type string System.String Unicode character string
- 16.
- 17. Methods of ObjectType Equals() GetHashCode() GetType() ToString()
- 18.
- 19. Operators in C#Arithmetic +, -, *, /, % Logical &, |, ^, ~, &&, ||, ! Comparison ==, !=, <, >, <=, >= String Concatenation + Increment and Decrement ++, -- Bit Shifting (<<, >>) Assignment =, +=, -=, /=, %=, ^=, &=, |=, ^=, <<=, >>= Member Access .
- 20. Operators in C#(contd…) Indexing [] Casting ( ) Conditional ?: Delegate Concatenation and removal +,- Object Creation (new) Size information (sizeof, typeof, is, as) Overflow exception control (checked, unchecked) Namespace alias qualifier :: Operator Shortcuts
- 21. checked operator byte b=255; checked { b++; } Console.WriteLine(b.ToString()); When executed, it throws an Exception
- 22. unchecked operator byte b=255; unchecked { b++; } Console.WriteLine(b.ToString()); It won’t throw Exception. However, data would be lost.
- 23. is operator Usedto check whether an object is compatible with a type. Eg: int x=10; if(x is object) Cosole.WriteLine(“x is an object”);
- 24. as operator Usedto perform explicit type conversions of reference types. object o1=“Some String”; string s1=o1 as string;
- 25. sizeof operator Usedto find size required by a type on stack. unsafe { Console.WriteLine(sizeof(int)); } Unsafe has to be used when we use pointers.
- 26. typeof operator Usedto find the Sysem.Type object representing a specified type. Eg: Console.WriteLine(typeof(string));
- 27. Type Conversions ImplicitExplicit
- 28.
- 29. Flow Control ConditionalStatements Loops Jump Statements
- 30. Conditional Statements ifif – else if – else if – else switch
- 31. Loops while do… while for foreach
- 32. Jump Statements goto break continue return
- 33. Enumerations Example Switchexample with enumeration
- 34.
- 35.
- 36.
- 37. More on CompilingOptions Option Output /t:exe A console application (default) /t:library A class library with manifest /t:module A component without a manifest /t:winexe A windows application (without a console window)
- 38. Console I/O Console.ReadLine()Console.WriteLine() Console.Read() ConsoleWrite()
- 39. Using Comments InternalComments Single-line (//) Multiline (/* */) XML Documentation Comments (///) Csc /t:library /doc:Math.xml Math.cs