CHAPTER 1.pptx introduction to info technology

IIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
JPC

PRE-ACTIVITY
What kinds of
technology do you
use daily?

PRE-ACTIVITY
Have you ever
thought about what
makes your
computer work?

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information Technology (IT) is all
about using computers and communication
tools to work with information. It includes
things like computers, software (programs),
and networks (ways to connect devices and
share data).
The main job of IT is to help people
and organizations handle information
quickly and easily. This means storing,
finding, sending, and using data in many ways
—whether it’s for chatting with friends, running
a business, doing research, or helping the
government work better.
In short, IT is the system that lets us
use technology and information smoothly in
our everyday digital world.

CHAPTER 1: Information
Technology, the Internet,
and You

CHAPTER OVERVIEW
The purpose of this course is to help
you become competent with computer
technology. Computer competency refers to
acquiring computer-related skills—
indispensable tools for today. They include
how to effectively use popular application
packages and the Internet.
In this chapter, we present an
overview of an information system: people,
procedures, software, hardware, data and
connectivity. It is essential to understand
these basic parts and how connectivity
through the Internet and the Web expands the
role of information technology in our lives.

INTRODUCTIONTO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information Systems (IS) are not just
about computers; they encompass the
interplay of people, technology, and
processes within an organization. These
systems are designed to collect, store, and use
information effectively to achieve specific goals.
By integrating technology with human
activities, IS enables organizations to make
informed decisions, improve efficiency and
productivity, and gain a competitive
advantage.
For example, a company might utilize an
IS to track customer orders, manage inventory,
and analyze sales data, ultimately leading to
better business outcomes.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
When you think of a microcomputer, perhaps you think of just the equipment itself. That is, you think
of the monitor or the keyboard. Yet, there is more to it than that. The way to think about a microcomputer is as
part of an information system. An information system has five parts: people, procedures, software,
hardware, data and connectivity (See Figure 1-1 .)
PEOPLE
It is easy to overlook people as one of the five parts of an information system. Yet this is what
microcomputers are all about—making people , end users like you, more productive.
PROCEDURES
The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data are
procedures. These procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer
specialists. Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with their products. These
manuals are provided in either printed or electronic form.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
SOFTWARE
A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its
work. Software is another name for a program or programs. The purpose of software
is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts). For example, a
payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a
week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate (data) to determine how much you are paid
for the week (information).
HARDWARE
The equipment that processes the data to create information is called hardware . It
includes the keyboard, mouse, monitor, system unit, and other devices. Hardware is
controlled by software.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
CONNECTIVITY
Almost all of today’s computer systems add an additional part to the information system.
This part, called connectivity , typically uses the Internet and allows users to greatly
expand the capability and usefulness of their information systems.
SOFTWARE
DATA
The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called
data. Processed data yields information. Using the previous example of a payroll
program, the data (number of hours worked and pay rate) is processed (multiplied) to
yield information (weekly pay).

PARTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM

ICEBREAKER
5 Parts of an Information System
— What Am I?
1.I am the one who use the computer to get things done.
2.I am the rules you follow when using a program or device.
3.I am the programs that tell the computer what to do.
4.I am the physical parts like the keyboard and monitor.
5.I am the raw facts like numbers and text before being processed.
6.I let computers connect and share information over the Internet.

SOFTWARE
Software, as we mentioned, is another name for programs. Programs are the instructions
that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. In most cases, the words
software and programs are interchangeable. There are two major kinds of software: System
Software and Application Software.
The user interacts primarily with
application software. System software
enables the application software to
interact with the computer hardware.
System software is “background”
software that helps the computer
manage its own internal resources.
System software is not a single program.
Rather it is a collection of programs,
including the following:
SYSTEM SOFTWARE Operating Systems are programs that coordinate computer
resources, provide an interface between users and the
computer, and run applications. Windows and the Mac OS are
two of the best-known operating systems for today’s
microcomputer users.
Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer
resources. For example, the Windows utility called Disk
Defragmenter locates and eliminates unnecessary file
fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to
optimize computer operations.
Device Drivers are specialized programs designed to allow
particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest
of the computer system.

SOFTWARE
Application software, also
known as application programs or
simply applications, are computer
programs designed to perform
specific tasks for end-users. Unlike
system software, which manages the
computer itself, application software
focuses on helping users accomplish
specific goals.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE Basic applications are widely used in nearly all career
areas. They are the kinds of programs you have to know
to be considered computer competent. One of these
basic applications is a browser to navigate, explore, and
find information on the Internet.
Specialized Applications include thousands of other
programs that are more narrowly focused on specific
disciplines and occupations.

EXAMPLES OF BASIC APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel Microsoft PowerPoint
YouTube Microsoft Teams

EXAMPLES OF SPECIALIZED APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Cerner QuickBooks AutoCAD
Adobe Photoshop Cinema 4D

HARDWARE
Computers are electronic devices that can follow instructions to accept input, process
that input, and produce information. This chapter focuses principally on microcomputers.
However, it is almost certain that you will come in contact, at least indirectly, with other types of
computers.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
SUPER
COMPUTERS
MAINFRAME
COMPUTERS
MINI
COMPUTERS
MICRO
COMPUTERS

TYPES OF COMPUTERS
SOFTWARE
SUPER COMPUTERS
Supercomputers are the
most powerful type of
computer. These machines are
special high-capacity computers
used by very large
organizations. IBM’s Blue Gene
is one of the fastest computers
in the world.
FRONTIER

TYPES OF COMPUTERS
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
Mainframe computers occupy
specially wired, air-conditioned
rooms. Although not nearly as
powerful as supercomputers,
mainframe computers are capable
of great processing speeds and
data storage. For example,
insurance companies use
mainframes to process information
about millions of policyholders.
SOFTWARE
IBM SYSTEM

TYPES OF COMPUTERS
SOFTWARE
MINI COMPUTERS
Minicomputers are typically
multi-user systems that support
multiple simultaneous users and
run multiple programs at the
same time. They are reliable,
durable, and affordable. They are
also smaller and less powerful than
supercomputers but more powerful
than personal computers to handle
a large volume of data. ORACLE SPARC SERVER

TYPES OF COMPUTERS
MICRO COMPUTERS
Microcomputers are the least
powerful, yet the most widely
used and fastest-growing type of
computer. There are six types of
microcomputers: desktop, media
center, notebook, tablet PC,
netbook, and handheld
computers.
MACBOOK

MICROCOMPUTER HARDWARE
Hardware for a
microcomputer system consists
of a variety of different devices.
This physical equipment falls
into four basic categories:
system unit, input/output,
secondary storage, and
communication. Because we
discuss hardware in detail later
in this book, here we will
present just a quick overview of
the four basic categories.

ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit is the central part of a
computer, typically a box-like structure that houses
the essential components for its operation. It serves
as the core of the computer, containing the
motherboard – the main circuit board that connects
all other components. Key components within the
system unit include the CPU (Central Processing
Unit), responsible for processing instructions and
performing calculations; RAM (Random Access
Memory), which provides temporary storage for data
actively used by the CPU; storage devices such as
the hard drive or SSD for permanent data storage;
and the power supply, which provides electricity to all
the components.

SOFTWARE
INPUT DEVICES
An input device is a hardware which
is a mechanism that transforms information
in the external world for consumption by a
computer. Often, input devices are under
direct control by a human user, who uses
them to communicate commands or other
information to be processed by the computer,
which may then transmit feedback to the user
through an output device. Input and output
devices together make up the hardware
interface between a computer and the user or
external world.

SOFTWARE
OUTPUT DEVICES
An output device is any hardware
used to communicate the result of
data processing carried out by the
user or CPU.

SOFTWARE
SECONDARY STORAGE
Secondary storage refers to non-
volatile storage devices within a
computer system that retain data
even after the power is turned off.
Unlike primary memory (RAM),
which is temporary and loses its
data when the power is lost,
secondary storage provides long-
term, persistent storage for files,
software, and other data.

SOFTWARE
COMMUNICATION
At one time, it was uncommon for a
microcomputer system to communicate with other
computer systems. Now, using communication
devices, a microcomputer can communicate with
other computer systems located as near as the
next office or as far away as halfway around the
world using the Internet. The most widely used
communication device is a modem, which
modifies telephone communications into a form
that can be processed by a computer. Modems
also modify computer output into a form that can
be transmitted across standard telephone lines.

ICEBREAKER
If the statement is true, stand up.
If it’s false, sit down.
1.A supercomputer is the fastest and most powerful
computer.
2.The keyboard is a type of secondary storage.
3.A tablet is a type of microcomputer.
4.Modems help computers communicate over the Internet.
5.A printer is a type of output device.

DATA
Data is raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.As we have mentioned
earlier, processed data becomes information.When stored electronically in files, data can be used directly as
input for the system unit.
TYPES OF FILES
DOCUMENT FILES
Created by word
processors to save
documents such as
memos, term papers,
and letters.
WORKSHEET
FILES
Created by electronic
spreadsheets to
analyze things like
budgets and to predict
sales.
DATABASE FILES
Typically created by database
management programs to
contain highly structured and
organized data. For example,
an employee database file
might contain all the
workers’ names, social
security numbers, job titles,
and other related pieces of
information.
PRESENTATION FILES
Created by presentation
graphics programs to
save presentation
materials. For example, a
file might contain
audience handouts,
speaker notes, and
electronic slides.

CONNECTIVITY
Connectivity is the capability of your
microcomputer to share information with other
computers. The two most dramatic changes in
connectivity in the past five years have been the
widespread use of mobile or wireless communication
devices and cloud computing. For just a few of these
mobile devices. Central to the concept of connectivity
is the network. A network is a communications system
connecting two or more computers.
The largest network in the world is the
Internet. It is like a giant highway that connects you to
millions of other people and organizations located
throughout the world. The Web provides a multimedia
interface to the numerous resources available on the
Internet. Cloud computing uses the Internet and the
Web to shift many computer activities from a user’s
computer to computers on the Internet. Each will be
discussed in detail in the following chapters.

POST-ACTIVITY - "MY OWN INFORMATION SYSTEM"
Instructions:
1.Choose a scenario – Pick a real or imaginary situation where you will use computers
(example: a school enrollment system, an online store, a café ordering system, etc.).
2.Describe the 6 parts in simple words:
1.People – Who will use it?
2.Procedures – Steps or rules for using it.
3.Software – Programs you will use.
4.Hardware – Devices or equipment you need.
5.Data – The raw facts you collect.
6.Connectivity – How it connects to the internet or other computers.
3.Draw a simple diagram showing how the parts are connected.
1. You can use paper and pen, or draw using PowerPoint/Canva.
4.Write 5–7 sentences explaining your system.

Instructions:
1.Choose a scenario – Pick a real or imaginary situation where you will use
computers (example: a school enrollment system, an online store, a café
ordering system, etc.).
2.Describe the 6 parts in simple words:
1.People – Who will use it?
2.Procedures – Steps or rules for using it.
3.Software – Programs you will use.
4.Hardware – Devices or equipment you need.
5.Data – The raw facts you collect.
6.Connectivity – How it connects to the internet or other computers.
3.Draw or create a simple diagram showing how the parts are connected.

Example:
Title: “Coffee Shop Ordering System”
• People: Cashier, barista, customers.
• Procedures: Take orders enter into computer
→ →
print receipt make coffee.
→
• Software: POS (Point of Sale) program.
• Hardware: Computer, printer, cash register.
• Data: Order details, prices, customer name.
• Connectivity: Wi-Fi to send orders to the kitchen.

Criteria (10%) Points
All 6 parts are complete 20
Creativity 20
Neat and easy-to-read
diagram
10
Total 50

CHAPTER 1.pptx introduction to info technology

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CHAPTER 1.pptx introduction to info technology