Cloud Architecture - Multi Cloud, Edge, On-Premise

@arafkarsh arafkarsh
ARAF KARSH HAMID
Co-Founder / CTO
MetaMagic Global Inc., NJ, USA
@arafkarsh
arafkarsh
Microservice
Architecture Series
Building Cloud Native Apps
Cloud Architecture
IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, FaaS
Multi / Hybrid Cloud
Part 8 of 11

Slides are color coded based on the topic colors.
Cloud Adoption
App
Transformation
1
VMs / Containers
IaaS / PaaS /
SaaS / FaaS
2
Hybrid Cloud
Edge
Multi Cloud
3
Cloud Setup
Terraform 4
2

Agile
Scrum (4-6 Weeks)
Developer Journey
Monolithic
Domain Driven Design
Event Sourcing and CQRS
Waterfall
Optional
Design
Patterns
Continuous Integration (CI)
6/12 Months
Enterprise Service Bus
Relational Database [SQL] / NoSQL
Development QA / QC Ops
3
Microservices
Scrum / Kanban (1-5 Days)
Mandatory
Design
Patterns
Infrastructure Design Patterns
CI
DevOps
Event Streaming / Replicated Logs
SQL NoSQL
CD
Container Orchestrator Service Mesh

Cloud Adoption
• Cloud Features
• Cloud Types
• 6 R
• Virtual Machines and Containers
4
1

Cloud Features
5
1. Fault Tolerance
2. Scalability
3. Agility
4. Total Cost of
Ownership
1. Hybrid Cloud
2. Multi Cloud

Cloud Migration Strategies – REHOST (1 of 6)
6
ReHost
Lift and Shift
o Move the assets to cloud
without any code change
o Less Risk
o No Additional Benefits
other than being in Cloud
Risk
Benefits
Costs

Cloud Migration Strategies – REPLATFORM (2 of 6)
7
REPLATFORM /
Lift & Re-Shape
o Move the assets after
Refactoring the assets
to take advantage of
cloud.
Risk
Benefits
Costs

Cloud Migration Strategies – REPURCHASE (3 of 6)
8
REPURCHASE /
Drop & Shop
o Abandon the existing
feature / module and
Shop for a new Service
available in the Cloud
o Ex. HR / CRM etc.
Risk
Benefits
Costs

Cloud Migration Strategies – REARCHITECT (4 of 6)
9
REARCHITECT
o Redesign and
transform the
monolith to a
Cloud Native App.
Risk
Benefits
Costs

Cloud Migration Strategies – RETIRE (5 of 6)
10
RETIRE
o Sunset
applications that
are not relevant
anymore.
Risk
Benefits
Costs

Cloud Migration Strategies – RETAIN (6 of 6)
11
RETAIN
o Do Nothing approach.
o Evaluate the criticality
of the application
later.
Risk
Benefits
Costs

Application Modernization – 3 Transformations
12
Monolithic SOA Microservice
Physical
Server
Virtual
Machine
Cloud
Waterfall Agile DevOps
Source: IBM: Application Modernization > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJ3UQSxwGFY
Architecture
Infrastructure
Delivery
Modernization
1
2
3

Modernization Journey
13
 Start new features as Microservices
Incrementally establish the success early.
 Expose Legacy On-Premise Apps API’s
If legacy Apps cant be shifted to Cloud
 Refactor Monolithic features to Microservices
Breakdown and Deploy Feature by Feature
 Containerize the Microservice
Reduce costs, simplifies the operations and consistent
environment between Dev, QA and Production
 Monolith De-commission Plan
Incrementally sunset the Monolith
Velocity as you
transform
Increase your
Delivery Velocity
along the Journey
High
Future
Present
Low
Inspired by a paper from IBM

Assess and Classify your App Portfolio
14
 Take inventory of your Apps
Classify the Apps based on
technology, complexity.
 Align Apps to your Business
Priorities
Identify the Apps that are critical for
Modernization.
 Identify Business
Modernization Requirements
Create a Roadmap with faster go to
market strategy
 Understand the effort and
Cost
Evaluate all possible Modernization
options
Container Refactor Expose APIs
Lift & Shift
Business
Value
Cost
Complexity
Product Catalogue
Product Review
Inventory Shopping Cart
Customer
Profile
Order Management
Inspired by a paper from IBM

Summary – Cloud Adoption
15
1. Re-Host
2. Re-Platform
3. Re-Purchase
4. Re-Architect
5. Retire
6. Retain
3 Transformations

Cloud Infrastructure
• Servers / Virtual Machines / Containers
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Function as a Service (FaaS)
16
2

@arafkarsh arafkarsh 17
Servers / Virtual Machines / Containers
Hardware
Host OS
HYPERVISOR
App 1 App 1 App 1
Guest
OS
BINS
/ LIB
Guest
OS
BINS
/ LIB
Guest
OS
BINS
/ LIB
Type 2 Hypervisor
App 2
App 3
App 2
OS
Hardware
Desktop / Laptop
BINS
/ LIB
App
BINS
/ LIB
App
Container 1 Container 2
Type 1 Hypervisor
Hardware
HYPERVISOR
App 1 App 1 App 1
Guest
OS
BINS
/ LIB
Guest
OS
BINS
/ LIB
Guest
OS
BINS
/ LIB
App 2
App 3
App 2
Guest OS
Hardware
Type 1 Hypervisor
BINS
/ LIB
App
BINS
/ LIB
App
BINS
/ LIB
App
Container 1 Container 2 Container 3
HYPERVISOR
Virtualizes the OS
Create Secure Sandboxes in OS
Virtualizes the Hardware
Creates Virtual Machines
Hardware
OS
BINS / LIB
App
1
App
2
App
3
Server
Data Center
No Virtualization
Cloud Elastic Computing

SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
Complexity
Ease
of
Use
End-Users
Developers
Sys-Admins

FaaS
PaaS
IaaS
Complexity
Ease
of
Use
Developers
Developers
Sys-Admins

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
20
Generic Compute
GPU
Object Storage
HPC
Block Storage
File Storage
Networking
 Shared
 Hourly / Monthly
 No Contracts
 Self Service

IaaS – Ex. Image Processing
21
Generic Compute
GPU
Object Storage
HPC
Block Storage
File Storage
Networking
1. Image Stored in Object Storage
2. For Processing by different ML
Algorithms Block Storage is used.
3. Once the processing is done the
result is stored back in Object
storage or in DB
4. Storages are attached using
Networking Infrastructure.

22
Pros
1. Build your infra from Hours to minutes (From
Weeks to Days in On-Premise Case)
2. Pay per usage (As long as infra is running)
3. Cost Effective compared to On-Premise
upfront cost.
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
Infra as a Service
Cons
1. Not As Stable as On-Premise
Systems
2. Vendor Lock In

23
Examples
1. Amazon Web Services (AWS)
2. Microsoft Azure
3. Google Compute Engine (GCE)
4. IBM Cloud
5. Cisco Metapod
6. Digital Ocean
7. Linode
8. Rackspace
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
Infra as a Service

Platform as a Service (PaaS)
24
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
Platform as a Service
Pros
1. Build your infra from Minutes to Seconds
(From Days to Hours in On-Premise Case)
2. Easy Deployment of Applications / Services
3. You don’t have to worry about Middleware's,
Runtimes etc.
Cons
1. Developers are constraint to
PaaS capabilities.
2. Vendor Lock In

Platform as a Service (PaaS)
25
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
PaaS Examples
1. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
2. Windows Azure
3. Heroku
4. Force.com
5. Google App Engine
6. Apache Stratos
7. K8s / OpenShift
Applications
Data
Container
K8s
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
PaaS

Software as a Service (SaaS)
26
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
Software as a Service
Pros
1. No Installation. Get Started asap. Multi Tenant
2. Accessible from Anywhere / Any Device
3. Excellent for Collaborative working
4. Cost Effective & Pay Per Usage
Cons
1. Vendor Lock In.
2. Compliance Restrictions
3. Depends on Internet
Speed for Performance

Software as a Service (SaaS)
27
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
Software as a Service
Examples
1. Google Workspace
2. Dropbox
3. Salesforce
4. Cisco WebEx
5. Concur
6. GoToMeeting
7. Google Gmail

Function as a Service (FaaS)
28
o Zero Hardware
o Scale on
Demand
o Auto Scale to
Zero
o Cost Effective
Applications
Data
FaaS
Serverless Computing
Application Deployed as small stateless functions
Pay per usage
Runtime
Middleware
OS
PaaS
Mins to Seconds
Infra Availability
Dedicated Cloud Infra
Minimum Pay & Pay / Usage
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
IaaS
Hours to Mins
Infra Availability
Dedicated Cloud Infra
Minimum Pay & Pay / Usage

29
API Gateway
GET /api/customer/account
POST /api/cart/add
GET /api/cart/show
DELETE /api/cart/delete
Customer / getAccount()
cart / addToCart()
cart / showCart()
cart / deleteCart()
o Api Gateway Route
the request to the
function.
o Function is
terminated once the
request is processed.
In Kubernetes Knative the function will wait for few
seconds before it gets terminated to see if there are
any pending requests to be processed.

30
o Amazon Lambda
o Azure Functions
o Google Run (Knative)
Applications
Data
FaaS
Pay per usage
Runtime
Middleware
OS
PaaS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
IaaS

31
o Kubernetes Knative
Kubernetes Knative is Cloud
agnostic FaaS. So, No Vendor
Lock-in.
Applications
Data
FaaS
Pay per usage
Container
K8s / Knative
OS
PaaS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
IaaS

IaaS / PaaS / SaaS
32
IaaS: Lease a Car
Long term usage of infrastructure, you can decide what type of infrastructure you
need. More flexibility brings in more complexity.
PaaS: Rent a Car
You choose what’s available and pay as per your usage.
SaaS: Taxi Car - Uber
You don’t decide what type of car you want – you use it to accomplish the task and
pay as per your usage.

Summary of X as a Service
33
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
On Premise
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
IaaS
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
SaaS
Customer Managed Cloud Provider Managed
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
PaaS
Applications
Data
Container
K8s
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
PaaS
Applications
Data
Container
K8s / Knative
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
FaaS

Cloud Types
• Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud with Edge
• Distributed / Multi Cloud
34
3

On Cloud
IaaS
SaaS
PaaS
Hybrid Cloud
35
Inventory App
Customer Data
Financials App
On Premise
GDPR
E-Comm
Portal
Notification
Service
Inventory
App
Lift & Shift
Secure / Internet

On Cloud
IaaS
SaaS
PaaS
Hybrid Cloud – Connectivity
36
Customer Data
Financials App
On Premise
GDPR
E-Comm
Portal
Notification
Service
Inventory
App
Lift & Shift
Secure / Internet
VPN Tunnel
POP
Point of Presence
Dedicate Fiber Optic to Cloud

On Cloud
IaaS
SaaS
PaaS
Hybrid Cloud – Service Mesh
37
Customer Data
Financials App
On Premise
GDPR
E-Comm
Portal
Notification
Service
Inventory
App
Lift & Shift
Secure / Internet
Catalogue v2
50% of traffic
diverted to on
Premise to v2 of
Catalogue

Hybrid Cloud with Edge
38
Customer Data
Financials App
On Premise
GDPR
On Cloud
IaaS
SaaS
PaaS
E-Comm
Portal
Notification
Service
Inventory
App
Lift & Shift
Edge
K8s K8s
Delivery &
Shipping

Best Practices for Hybrid Cloud
39
On Premise / Cloud / Edge
INFRASTRUCTURE
Containers / Kubernetes / Linux
PLATFORM
 Portability (Application portable across infra)
 Innovation (Faster GoTo Market)
 Security (Standardized Env across On Premise /
Cloud / Edge)

Distributed / Multi Cloud
40

Distributed Cloud / Multi Cloud
41
Clouds
Public
Cloud
On Premise
Edge
Network
K8s K8s K8s
Cloud On-Prem Edge
DevOps
o Consistent Environment
o Auto Scale Across Env
DevOps
o Innovation
o AI/ML Across All Environment
DevSecOps
o Governance
o Security Policies
o Network Policies

Distributed Cloud / Multi Cloud
42
Clouds
Public
Cloud
On Premise
Edge
Network
Examples
o Google Anthos
o Microsoft Azure Arc
Pros
1. Geography Proximity
2. Availability Across Clouds
3. Seamless Communication

Multi cluster
Single cloud
Service-1 Service-2 Service-3 Service-4
Service-3 Service-4
Service-1 Service-2 Service-5
Service-6
Cluster 1
Gateway and Routing Rules
Container (Pod),
Deployment
Strategy, Replicas
Hardware Specs:
Memory, CPU,
GPU, QoS
Service-3 Service-4
Service-6
Cluster 2
Fail-over cluster
(Clone Cluster 1)
East-West
Communication
Enable Service
as Serverless
Gateway
Secure
Communication
Service Definitions, Ports,
Load Balancing Algo
Horizontal
Scaling within
cluster
Commit Infra Code to Service
Infra Code Repository
North-South
Communication
K8s Cluster
Fail over cluster
43

Multi cluster
Single cloud
Gateway
Service-3 Service-4
Service-6
Cluster 1
Secure
Communication
Container (Pod),
Deployment
Strategy, Replicas
Hardware Specs:
Memory, CPU,
GPU, QoS
Service-3 Service-4
Service-6
Cluster 2
K8s Cluster
Multi Cloud Auto Scaling
(Clone Cluster 1)
Commit Infra Code to Service
Infra Code Repository
East-West
Communication
Enable Service
as Serverless
Load Balancing Algo
GW
GW
Horizontal
Scaling within
cluster or across
cluster
North-South
Communication
Auto Scaling across cluster
44

Service-3 Service-4
Service-6
Cluster 1
Container (Pod),
Deployment
Strategy, Replicas
Hardware Specs:
Memory, CPU,
GPU, QoS
Service-3 Service-4
Service-6
Cluster 2
K8s Cluster
Fail-over cluster
(Clone Cluster 1)
East-West
Communication
Enable Service
as Serverless
Gateway
Secure
Communication
Load Balancing Algo
Horizontal
Scaling within
cluster
Commit Infra Code to
Service Infra Code Repository
North-South
Communication
Multi cluster
Multi cloud
Fail over cluster
45

Multi cluster
Multi cloud
Gateway
Service-3 Service-4
Service-6
Cluster 1
Secure
Communication
Container (Pod),
Deployment
Strategy, Replicas
Hardware Specs:
Memory, CPU,
GPU, QoS
Service-3 Service-4
Service-6
Cluster 2
K8s Cluster
(Clone Cluster 1)
East-West
Communication
Enable Service
as Serverless
Load Balancing Algo
GW
GW
Horizontal
Scaling within
cluster or across
cluster
North-South
Communication
46

Multi cluster
Multi / Hybrid / Edge cloud
Gateway
Service-3
Service-1
Cluster 1
Secure Communication
Container (Pod),
Deployment
Strategy, Replicas
Hardware Specs:
Memory, CPU,
GPU, QoS
K8s Cluster
(Clone Cluster 1)
Service as
Serverless
Service
Definitions,
Ports, Load
Balancing Algo
GW
Horizontal
Scaling
within cluster
or across
cluster
North-South
Communication
Service-3
Service-1
Cluster 2
GW
Service-7
Service-6
Cluster 3
Service-9
Service-8
Cluster 4
On-Premise Edge
47

Summary: Distributed Cloud / Multi Cloud
48
Clouds
Public
Cloud
On Premise
Edge
Network
Examples
o Google Anthos
o Microsoft Azure Arc
Pros
1. Geography Proximity
2. Availability Across Clouds
3. Seamless Communication

Cloud Setup
• Terraform
• Pulumi
49
4

Terraform
50
Code Plan Apply

TERRAFORM INFRA CODE - AWS CLUSTER
Main Code EC2 Code

Terraform infra code – aws cluster
Security Group Main

ELB Main Route Main
Terraform infra code – aws cluster

Design Patterns are
solutions to general
problems that
software developers
faced during software
development.
Design Patterns

DREAM | AUTOMATE | EMPOWER
Araf Karsh Hamid :
India: +91.999.545.8627
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@arafkarsh
arafkarsh

Source Code: https://github.com/MetaArivu Web Site: https://metarivu.com/ https://pyxida.cloud/

http://www.slideshare.net/arafkarsh

References
1. July 15, 2015 – Agile is Dead : GoTo 2015 By Dave Thomas
2. Apr 7, 2016 - Agile Project Management with Kanban | Eric Brechner | Talks at Google
3. Sep 27, 2017 - Scrum vs Kanban - Two Agile Teams Go Head-to-Head
4. Feb 17, 2019 - Lean vs Agile vs Design Thinking
5. Dec 17, 2020 - Scrum vs Kanban | Differences & Similarities Between Scrum & Kanban
6. Feb 24, 2021 - Agile Methodology Tutorial for Beginners | Jira Tutorial | Agile Methodology Explained.
Agile Methodologies
58

References
1. Vmware: What is Cloud Architecture?
2. Redhat: What is Cloud Architecture?
3. Cloud Computing Architecture
4. Cloud Adoption Essentials:
5. Google: Hybrid and Multi Cloud
6. IBM: Hybrid Cloud Architecture Intro
7. IBM: Hybrid Cloud Architecture: Part 1
8. IBM: Hybrid Cloud Architecture: Part 2
9. Cloud Computing Basics: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
59
1. IBM: IaaS Explained
2. IBM: PaaS Explained
3. IBM: SaaS Explained
4. IBM: FaaS Explained
5. IBM: What is Hypervisor?
Cloud Architecture

References
Microservices
1. Microservices Definition by Martin Fowler
2. When to use Microservices By Martin Fowler
3. GoTo: Sep 3, 2020: When to use Microservices By Martin Fowler
4. GoTo: Feb 26, 2020: Monolith Decomposition Pattern
5. Thought Works: Microservices in a Nutshell
6. Microservices Prerequisites
7. What do you mean by Event Driven?
8. Understanding Event Driven Design Patterns for Microservices
60

References – Microservices – Videos
61
1. Martin Fowler – Micro Services : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yko4TbC8cI&feature=youtu.be&t=15m53s
2. GOTO 2016 – Microservices at NetFlix Scale: Principles, Tradeoffs & Lessons Learned. By R Meshenberg
3. Mastering Chaos – A NetFlix Guide to Microservices. By Josh Evans
4. GOTO 2015 – Challenges Implementing Micro Services By Fred George
5. GOTO 2016 – From Monolith to Microservices at Zalando. By Rodrigue Scaefer
6. GOTO 2015 – Microservices @ Spotify. By Kevin Goldsmith
7. Modelling Microservices @ Spotify : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XDA044tl8k
8. GOTO 2015 – DDD & Microservices: At last, Some Boundaries By Eric Evans
9. GOTO 2016 – What I wish I had known before Scaling Uber to 1000 Services. By Matt Ranney
10. DDD Europe – Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software By Eric Evans, April 11, 2016
11. AWS re:Invent 2016 – From Monolithic to Microservices: Evolving Architecture Patterns. By Emerson L, Gilt D. Chiles
12. AWS 2017 – An overview of designing Microservices based Applications on AWS. By Peter Dalbhanjan
13. GOTO Jun, 2017 – Effective Microservices in a Data Centric World. By Randy Shoup.
14. GOTO July, 2017 – The Seven (more) Deadly Sins of Microservices. By Daniel Bryant
15. Sept, 2017 – Airbnb, From Monolith to Microservices: How to scale your Architecture. By Melanie Cubula
16. GOTO Sept, 2017 – Rethinking Microservices with Stateful Streams. By Ben Stopford.
17. GOTO 2017 – Microservices without Servers. By Glynn Bird.

References
62
1. Oct 27, 2012 What I have learned about DDD Since the book. By Eric Evans
2. Mar 19, 2013 Domain Driven Design By Eric Evans
3. Jun 02, 2015 Applied DDD in Java EE 7 and Open Source World
4. Aug 23, 2016 Domain Driven Design the Good Parts By Jimmy Bogard
5. Sep 22, 2016 GOTO 2015 – DDD & REST Domain Driven API’s for the Web. By Oliver Gierke
6. Jan 24, 2017 Spring Developer – Developing Micro Services with Aggregates. By Chris Richardson
7. May 17. 2017 DEVOXX – The Art of Discovering Bounded Contexts. By Nick Tune
8. Dec 21, 2019 What is DDD - Eric Evans - DDD Europe 2019. By Eric Evans
9. Oct 2, 2020 - Bounded Contexts - Eric Evans - DDD Europe 2020. By. Eric Evans
10. Oct 2, 2020 - DDD By Example - Paul Rayner - DDD Europe 2020. By Paul Rayner

References
1. IBM: Event Driven Architecture – Mar 21, 2021
2. Martin Fowler: Event Driven Architecture – GOTO 2017
3. Greg Young: A Decade of DDD, Event Sourcing & CQRS – April 11, 2016
4. Nov 13, 2014 GOTO 2014 – Event Sourcing. By Greg Young
5. Mar 22, 2016 Building Micro Services with Event Sourcing and CQRS
6. Apr 15, 2016 YOW! Nights – Event Sourcing. By Martin Fowler
7. May 08, 2017 When Micro Services Meet Event Sourcing. By Vinicius Gomes
63

References
64
Kafka
1. Understanding Kafka
2. Understanding RabbitMQ
3. IBM: Apache Kafka – Sept 18, 2020
4. Confluent: Apache Kafka Fundamentals – April 25, 2020
5. Confluent: How Kafka Works – Aug 25, 2020
6. Confluent: How to integrate Kafka into your environment – Aug 25, 2020
7. Kafka Streams – Sept 4, 2021
8. Kafka: Processing Streaming Data with KSQL – Jul 16, 2018
9. Kafka: Processing Streaming Data with KSQL – Nov 28, 2019

References
Databases: Big Data / Cloud Databases
1. Google: How to Choose the right database?
2. AWS: Choosing the right Database
3. IBM: NoSQL Vs. SQL
4. A Guide to NoSQL Databases
5. How does NoSQL Databases Work?
6. What is Better? SQL or NoSQL?
7. What is DBaaS?
8. NoSQL Concepts
9. Key Value Databases
10. Document Databases
11. Jun 29, 2012 – Google I/O 2012 - SQL vs NoSQL: Battle of the Backends
12. Feb 19, 2013 - Introduction to NoSQL • Martin Fowler • GOTO 2012
13. Jul 25, 2018 - SQL vs NoSQL or MySQL vs MongoDB
14. Oct 30, 2020 - Column vs Row Oriented Databases Explained
15. Dec 9, 2020 - How do NoSQL databases work? Simply Explained!
1. Graph Databases
2. Column Databases
3. Row Vs. Column Oriented Databases
4. Database Indexing Explained
5. MongoDB Indexing
6. AWS: DynamoDB Global Indexing
7. AWS: DynamoDB Local Indexing
8. Google Cloud Spanner
9. AWS: DynamoDB Design Patterns
10. Cloud Provider Database Comparisons
11. CockroachDB: When to use a Cloud DB?
65

References
Docker / Kubernetes / Istio
1. IBM: Virtual Machines and Containers
2. IBM: What is a Hypervisor?
3. IBM: Docker Vs. Kubernetes
4. IBM: Containerization Explained
5. IBM: Kubernetes Explained
6. IBM: Kubernetes Ingress in 5 Minutes
7. Microsoft: How Service Mesh works in Kubernetes
8. IBM: Istio Service Mesh Explained
9. IBM: Kubernetes and OpenShift
10. IBM: Kubernetes Operators
11. 10 Consideration for Kubernetes Deployments
Istio – Metrics
1. Istio – Metrics
2. Monitoring Istio Mesh with Grafana
3. Visualize your Istio Service Mesh
4. Security and Monitoring with Istio
5. Observing Services using Prometheus, Grafana, Kiali
6. Istio Cookbook: Kiali Recipe
7. Kubernetes: Open Telemetry
8. Open Telemetry
9. How Prometheus works
10. IBM: Observability vs. Monitoring
66

References
67
1. Feb 6, 2020 – An introduction to TDD
2. Aug 14, 2019 – Component Software Testing
3. May 30, 2020 – What is Component Testing?
4. Apr 23, 2013 – Component Test By Martin Fowler
5. Jan 12, 2011 – Contract Testing By Martin Fowler
6. Jan 16, 2018 – Integration Testing By Martin Fowler
7. Testing Strategies in Microservices Architecture
8. Practical Test Pyramid By Ham Vocke
Testing – TDD / BDD

1. Simoorg : LinkedIn’s own failure inducer framework. It was designed to be easy to extend and
most of the important components are plug‐ gable.
2. Pumba : A chaos testing and network emulation tool for Docker.
3. Chaos Lemur : Self-hostable application to randomly destroy virtual machines in a BOSH-
managed environment, as an aid to resilience testing of high-availability systems.
4. Chaos Lambda : Randomly terminate AWS ASG instances during business hours.
5. Blockade : Docker-based utility for testing network failures and partitions in distributed
applications.
6. Chaos-http-proxy : Introduces failures into HTTP requests via a proxy server.
7. Monkey-ops : Monkey-Ops is a simple service implemented in Go, which is deployed into an
OpenShift V3.X and generates some chaos within it. Monkey-Ops seeks some OpenShift
components like Pods or Deployment Configs and randomly terminates them.
8. Chaos Dingo : Chaos Dingo currently supports performing operations on Azure VMs and VMSS
deployed to an Azure Resource Manager-based resource group.
9. Tugbot : Testing in Production (TiP) framework for Docker.
Testing tools

References
CI / CD
1. What is Continuous Integration?
2. What is Continuous Delivery?
3. CI / CD Pipeline
4. What is CI / CD Pipeline?
5. CI / CD Explained
6. CI / CD Pipeline using Java Example Part 1
7. CI / CD Pipeline using Ansible Part 2
8. Declarative Pipeline vs Scripted Pipeline
9. Complete Jenkins Pipeline Tutorial
10. Common Pipeline Mistakes
11. CI / CD for a Docker Application
69

References
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DevOps
1. IBM: What is DevOps?
2. IBM: Cloud Native DevOps Explained
3. IBM: Application Transformation
4. IBM: Virtualization Explained
5. What is DevOps? Easy Way
6. DevOps?! How to become a DevOps Engineer???
7. Amazon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBU3AJ3j1rg
8. NetFlix: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTKIT6STSVM
9. DevOps and SRE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTEL8Ff1Zvk
10. SLI, SLO, SLA : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEylFyxbDLE
11. DevOps and SRE : Risks and Budgets : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2ILKr8kCJU
12. SRE @ Google: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2wn_E1jxn4

References
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1. Lewis, James, and Martin Fowler. “Microservices: A Definition of This New Architectural Term”, March 25, 2014.
2. Miller, Matt. “Innovate or Die: The Rise of Microservices”. e Wall Street Journal, October 5, 2015.
3. Newman, Sam. Building Microservices. O’Reilly Media, 2015.
4. Alagarasan, Vijay. “Seven Microservices Anti-patterns”, August 24, 2015.
5. Cockcroft, Adrian. “State of the Art in Microservices”, December 4, 2014.
6. Fowler, Martin. “Microservice Prerequisites”, August 28, 2014.
7. Fowler, Martin. “Microservice Tradeoffs”, July 1, 2015.
8. Humble, Jez. “Four Principles of Low-Risk Software Release”, February 16, 2012.
9. Zuul Edge Server, Ketan Gote, May 22, 2017
10. Ribbon, Hysterix using Spring Feign, Ketan Gote, May 22, 2017
11. Eureka Server with Spring Cloud, Ketan Gote, May 22, 2017
12. Apache Kafka, A Distributed Streaming Platform, Ketan Gote, May 20, 2017
13. Functional Reactive Programming, Araf Karsh Hamid, August 7, 2016
14. Enterprise Software Architectures, Araf Karsh Hamid, July 30, 2016
15. Docker and Linux Containers, Araf Karsh Hamid, April 28, 2015

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16. MSDN – Microsoft https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn568103.aspx
17. Martin Fowler : CQRS – http://martinfowler.com/bliki/CQRS.html
18. Udi Dahan : CQRS – http://www.udidahan.com/2009/12/09/clarified-cqrs/
19. Greg Young : CQRS - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHGkaShoyNs
20. Bertrand Meyer – CQS - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Meyer
21. CQS : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command–query_separation
22. CAP Theorem : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem
23. CAP Theorem : http://www.julianbrowne.com/article/viewer/brewers-cap-theorem
24. CAP 12 years how the rules have changed
25. EBay Scalability Best Practices : http://www.infoq.com/articles/ebay-scalability-best-practices
26. Pat Helland (Amazon) : Life beyond distributed transactions
27. Stanford University: Rx https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9xudo3C1Cw
28. Princeton University: SAGAS (1987) Hector Garcia Molina / Kenneth Salem
29. Rx Observable : https://dzone.com/articles/using-rx-java-observable

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