CouchDB is a NoSQL database that stores data as JSON documents. It can be accessed via HTTP and uses a RESTful API. Documents are schema-free and the database supports replication and scaling to handle thousands of requests per second. Views allow pre-calculated queries on the database using JavaScript map-reduce functions. Ruby libraries like CouchRest make it easy to interact with CouchDB from Ruby applications. The document recommends using CouchDB as the primary data store and web server, with Ruby handling background tasks rather than the full application logic, and using JavaScript frameworks for the frontend.