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Criminal Profiling & Financial Profiling
Discover how criminal profiling techniques intersect with financial profiling to uncover hidden patterns of fraud, corruption, and white-collar crime. This presentation explores the psychology of offenders, investigative strategies, and real-world applications in forensic investigation and financial crime detection. Perfect for students, academics, legal professionals, and investigators seeking practical insights into profiling methods that bridge law, finance, and forensic investigation.
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Criminal Profiling & Financial Profiling
- 1. Criminal Profiling & FinancialProfiling
- 2. Obedience of theLaw Instrumental Theory vs Normative Theory
- 3. Instrumental Theory The punishmentfor disobedience of the law outweighs the merits of obeying the law.
- 4. Normative Theory Voluntary obedienceof the law due to being morally invested in the law.
- 5. Criminology The study ofcrime.
- 6. Criminology Schools ofThought Classical Criminology Positivist Criminology Critical Criminology Feminist Criminology Postmodern Criminology Social Milieu Criminology
- 7. Classical Criminology Summary ofKey Premises
- 8. Classical Criminology • Allpersons are equal before the law. • People are motivated by pleasure to commit crimes (criminals by nature). • People are rational and their behaviour is the product of free will. • The focus is on the crime and the law. • Crime is a voluntary act committed by a deliberate choice. • Punishment must be used to control/deter criminal behaviour. • The punishment must be proportionate to the crime. Page 20, Neser et al (2010)
- 9. Positivist Criminology Summary ofKey Premises
- 10. Positivist Criminology • Thefocus is on the criminal. • Human behaviour is determined by biological, psychological and socio- economic factors that individuals have little control over (criminals by nature, nurture and environment). • Crime can be prevented with medical/psychological treatment and improvement of poor socio-economic conditions. • The purpose of punishment is to allow for treatment/reform of criminals. Page 22, Neser et al (2010)
- 11. Other Schools ofThought Feminist Criminology • Neither positivist nor critical criminology explain low crime rates among women. • The focus is on discrimination against women in the criminal justice system. • Further focuses on crimes against women (i.e. domestic violence & sexual crimes). • Considers it unjust to expect victims to protect themselves against crime. Pages 23 & 25, Neser et al (2010) Critical Criminology • Crime is a rational, deliberate choice. • Assumes that the state is biased/selective and chooses to focus on certain criminal acts committed by powerless people. • Economic and political discrimination are the causes of crime. • Considers that criminals are oppressed by the state. • Proposes that crime could be prevented by empowering people (i.e. through community policing).
- 12. Other Schools ofThought Postmodern Criminology • Not bound to any school of thought. • Rejects theories based on social class or culture. • Emphasises community-based policing and punishments. • Focuses on victims’ rights and needs. Social Milieu Criminology • The focus is on the criminal’s social environment. • Assumes that improved social conditions will prevent crime. Pages 21 & 26, Neser et al (2010)
- 13. Criminal Profiling Sources ofMotivation
- 14. Internal Motives: Needs •Biological needs: food and water. • Psychological & social needs: sense of belonging, competence, interpersonal relationships, socialisation, need for achievement, etc. Page 90, Neser et al (2010)
- 15. Internal Motives: Cognitions •Beliefs, expectations, and individual values. Page 91, Neser et al (2010)
- 16. Internal Motives: Emotions •Feelings: joy, sadness, anger, pleasure, etc. Page 91, Neser et al (2010)
- 17. External Events • Environmentalsources of motivation: i.e. economic recession in a country causing unemployment, COVID-19 pandemic industry shutdown causing layoffs, etc. Page 92, Neser et al (2010)
- 18. The Process ofMotivation Goal Action Goal Attained Need Page 96, Neser et al (2010)
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- 20. Risk Appetite • Forcrime, it is how much an individual is willing to risk. • Increases as the crime goes undetected due to logical fallacy (appeal to tradition).
- 21. Interests, Goals & Relationshipwith Money
- 22.
- 23. Further Reading Neser Jet al, INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY: CRIME, OFFENDERS AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR, University of South Africa (2010). Terpstra, BL, Instrumental and normative pathways to compliance: results from field research on moped drivers, Universiteit Leiden (2022).
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