Garbage Monitoring System using Arduino

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 1 | Issue – 6 | Sep - Oct 2017 Page: 808
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 1 | Issue – 6
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Garbage Monitoring System using Arduino
P. Ramchandar Rao
Assistant Professor, Department of
ECE, SR Engineering College,
Warngal, Telangana
S. Sanjay Kumar
Warngal, Telangana
Ch. Rajendra Prasad
Warngal, Telangana
ABSTRACT
In last few years there is a rapid growth in urban
development plans, the concept of smart cities. While
the thought comes up for Smart cities there is a
requirement for Smart waste management. The idea of
Garbage monitoring system is for the Smart buildings,
Colleges, Hospitals and Bus stands. The Garbage
monitoring system thought is an improvement of
normal dustbin by elevating it to be smart using
sensors. Garbage monitoring system is a new idea of
implementation which makes a normal dustbin smart
using ultrasonic sensors for garbage level detection,
display and sending message to the concern
department person updating the status of the bin using
GSM modem.
Keywords: Ultrasonic sensor, Liquid Crystal Display,
Arduino Board, Global System for Mobile
communication (GSM)
INTRODUCTION:
Garbage! In our daily life, we see the pictures of
garbage bins being overfull and all the garbage smells
out. This leads to the number of diseases as large
number of insects and mosquitoes breed on it. A big
face up to the smart cities is solid waste management,
not only in India almost all the countries in the world.
This project gives the most efficient ways to keep our
environment clean and green. The upcoming large
number of smart cities, large numbers of
responsibilities is also required to be fulfilled. The
most important need of a smart way of life begins
with cleanliness and cleanliness begins with smart
dustbin. A people will get its waste dispatch properly
only if the dustbins are placed well and collected well.
The main problem in the current waste management
system in most of the cities is the damaging status of
dustbins. So, by using the new technology we send
the information to the concern persons and display
boards are arranged in the concern offices. The
progress of waste across the entire city can be tracked
and thus can be monitored by a single system
efficiently and concretely. This system can prove to
be a revolution for the whole waste management
system of future smart cities.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
In ‘smart garbage management system’ system, the
level of garbage in the dustbins is detected with the
help of Sensor systems, and communicated to the
authorized control room through GSM system.
Microcontroller is used to interface the sensor system
with GSM system. In this system, the Ultrasonic
sensor is used for garbage level detection by using
ultrasonic sound waves.GSM module is used for
communication purpose, to send message to the
higher officials when the dustbin is not cleaned.LCD
is used to display the location of the dustbin is full at
the control room. Arduino board is used to interface
the sensor, LCD and GSM module. The ultrasonic
sensor is act as level detector. The output of level
detector is connected to the microcontroller.
Depending on the microcontroller program in first
level the dustbin filled information is displayed on
LCD and in second level if the dustbin is filled and

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
not at cleaned then message send to the higher
officials. The AT commands are used to facilitate the
messaging service through the GSM Module. This
program is burned in the microcontroller with the help
of Arduino software (IDE). These messages consist of
information of garbage levels of respective dustbins.
Depending on the information sent to control room,
the authority informs the concern person of the
respective area about garbage level. Then the
concerned person makes sure that the garbage of that
particular area is collected by sending the cleaning
vehicles.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
The hardware requirements for the system are as
follows.
Ultrasonic Sensors: Detecting the level of Garbage.
Fig.1 Ultrasonic sensor
The Ultrasonic Sensor sends out a high-frequency
sound pulse and then times how long it takes for the
echo of the sound to reflect back. The sensor has 2
openings on its front. One opening transmits
ultrasonic waves, the other receives them. The speed
of sound is approximately 341 meters (1100 feet) per
second in air. The ultrasonic sensor uses this
information along with the time difference between
sending and receiving the sound pulse to determine
the distance to an object. It uses the following
mathematical equation:
Distance = (Time x Speed of Sound)/2
Time = the time between when an ultrasonic wave is
transmitted and when it is received.
Fig. 2 Ultrasonic sensor transmitting and receiving
waves
To measure the distance to an object, the time from
transmission of a pulse to reception is measured and
converted into arrange by knowing the speed of
sound. This signal together with noise is then passed
through various forms of signal processing, which for
simple sensors may be just energy measurement. It is
then presented to some form of decision device that
calls the output either the required signal or noise.
This decision device may be an operator with
headphones or a display, or in some systems this
function may be carried out by software. Further
processes may be carried out to classify the target and
localize it, as well as measuring its velocity. Some
ultrasonic sensors have multiple beams to provide all
round cover while others only cover an arrow arc,
although the beam may be rotated, relatively slowly,
by mechanical scanning.
GSM Modem: GSM Modem can accept any GSM
network operator SIM card and act just like a mobile
phone with its own unique phone number. Advantage
of using this modem will be that you can use itsRS232
port to communicate and develop embedded
applications. Applications like SMS Control, data
transfer, remote control and logging can be developed
easily using GSM as shown below.
Fig.3 SIM900A GSM modem
The modem can either be connected to Arduino
microcontroller through RS232. It can be used to send
and receive SMS or make/receive voice calls. It can
also be used in GPRS mode to connect to internet and
do many applications for data logging and control.
This GSM modem is a highly flexible plug and play
quad band SIM900A GSM modem for direct and easy
integration to RS232applications. Supports features
like Voice, SMS, Data/Fax, GPRS and integrated
TCP/IP stack.
Liquid Crystal Display: To display the dustbin
location.
Fig.4 Liquid Crystal Display

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a display module
with liquid crystals and backlight by LEDs. A 16x2
LCD display consists of two rows of display with
each row consisting of 16 characters. LCD Module
has 16 pins and operates with 5V. Power pins i.e. pins
1, 2, 3, 15 and 16 are used to supply for the module as
well as the backlight LEDs. The voltage to the
Contract Adjust Pin (Pin 3 or VEE) is usually given
from a Potentiometer and will control the contrast of
the actual display when the POT is adjusted. There are
8 data pins for transmitting 8bits of data i.e., 1 byte of
data at a time. The LCD can be used in either 8bit
mode or 4bit mode. The remaining three pins i.e. RS
(Pin 4), RW (Pin 5) and E (Pin 6) are called the
Control Pins and are very important pins. The RS pin,
which is short for Register Select pin, is used to select
either Instruction Register when it is LOW or Data
Register when it is HIGH. The RW pin or the
Read/Write Pin is used for selecting Read Mode or
Write Mode. When RW is HIGH, read mode is
selected and data is read from the register. When RW
is LOW, write mode is selected and data can be
written in to the register. Since we are using the write
mode only, we can connect the RW pin to ground
(through a pull down resistor). The Enable (E) pin, as
the name indicates, is used to enable the execution of
the data or instructions. The data or instruction are
executed by the LCD module only when a HIGH to
LOW pulse is given to the Enable pin i.e. only on the
falling edge of a pulse.
Arduino Mega 2560 Board: As shown in Fig.5 the
Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based
on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input/output
pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16
analog inputs, 4UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16
MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or
power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started. The major advantage is control multiple
appliances with a single board.
Fig.5 Arduino Mega 2560 Board
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Arduino IDE: The Arduino is open source Integrated
Development Environment or Arduino Software
(IDE). It contains a text editor for writing code, a
message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons
for common functions and a series of menus.
Writing Sketches: Programs written using Arduino
Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches
are written in the text editor and are saved with the
file extension .ino. The message area gives feedback
while saving and exporting and also displays errors.
The console displays text output by the Arduino
Software (IDE), including complete error messages
and other information. The bottom right hand corner
of the window displays the configured board and
serial port. The toolbar buttons allow you to verify
and upload programs, create, open, and save sketches,
and open the serial monitor. Arduino Language is user
friendly and for programming is merely a set of
C/C++ functions that can be called from your code.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION:
The project can be divided into two modules, one is
detection of garbage level and then the second module
is send the information to the corresponding officials
through GSM.
Fig. 6 Block diagram of Garbage monitoring system

Fig. 7 Implementation of Garbage monitoring
system
Description of project: Garbage level detection is the
done by ultrasonic sensors (HC-SR04).The ultrasonic
sensors is placed on top of the dustbin facing the
bottom. The sensors continuously emits the sonic
waves, when the sonic waves hit the object and reflect
back, the echo in the sensors senses the waves and
calculates the distance of the object. Arduino Mega
2560 is used for controlling whole the process
detecting garbage in different places and depending
on the program first display in LCD to reminding the
garbage level in the bin even though the garbage is
not take out from the bin then the particular bin
information is sent to higher officials through GSM.
CONCLUSION:
Garbage monitoring systems are the needs of Smart
buildings. Smart waste monitoring and management is
the keen idea of smart city planners. Garbage
monitoring systems is a new idea of implementation
which makes a normal dustbin smart using sensors for
garbage level detection and sending message to the
user updating the status of the bin. As soon as the
dustbin is full it gives the information in LCD and
sent the message to corresponding officials.
FUTURE SCOPE:
There is a great scope for the modifications of the
Garbage monitoring system in future. The system can
be improved by adding new functionalities like line
follower robot to it, when the bin is full directly it is
dumping on tipper.
REFERENCES:
1) Marian Look, “Trash Plant: India”, earth
911B.National Conference on Product
Design(NCPD 2016), July 2016.
2) Basic Feature, “Solid waste Management Project
by MCGM”.
3) Microtronics Technologies, “GSM based garbage
and waste collection bins overflow indicator”,
September 2013.
4) “Smart garbage management system”International
Journal of Engineering Research &Technology
(IJERT) ISSN:2278-0181.
5) “Smart Dustbin” National Conference on Product
Design (NCPD 2016), July 2016.

Garbage Monitoring System using Arduino

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