History of Programming Language

History of Programming Language

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  A programming languageis a set of written symbols that instructs the computer hardware to perform specific tasks.
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   In 1837,English mathematician Babbage proposed a fully programmable machine known as Analytic engine.  It could perform an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory.
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   Ada Lovelace,daughter of the poet Lord Byron, worked with Babbage on the Analytical Engine  She was known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computers.  The First Programmer in the history of computers.
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   Around 1945,John von Neumann formalized these ideas into two concepts.  Shared-program technique.  Conditional control transfer.
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   FIRST GENERATION:(1940) Machine Codes  Consist of only 1’s and 0’s.  Fast and efficient.  Computer can execute directly.  Difficult for human to read and write .  SECOND GENERATION: (1950) Assembly language  Programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction codes that are meaningful abbreviations or mnemonics.  It is easier to read and write.  An assembler is a program that translates assembly language into machine language.
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  THIRD GENERATION: (1964) High-level-language Closer to human language  Easy to write and read.  Programs written in a high-level programming language must be translated into machine language by a compiler or interpreter.  PASCAL, FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, C and C++ are examples of third generation programming languages. FOURTH GENERATION: (1972)  Is designed to be closer to natural language than a 3GL language.  Enables users to access data in a database.  Python, Perl, SQL, NOMAD and FOCUS are examples of fourth generation programming languages.
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   Fifth generationare programming languages that allow programmers to solve problems by defining certain constraints as opposed to writing an algorithm.  Without a programmer.  Fifth-generation languages are used mainly in artificial intelligence research.  Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury are examples of fifth- generation languages.
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  1. C Language 2.C++ Language 3. Java 4. C# 5. Objective C 6. PHP 7. JavaScript 8. Python 9. SQL 10. Ruby