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Introduction to open educational resources
This document introduces open educational resources (OER). It defines OER as educational materials that can be freely shared, adapted, and reused. It discusses how OER are enabled by changes in philosophy around openness, the affordances of the Internet, alternative copyright licensing like Creative Commons, and various financial models. Examples of OER repositories, textbooks, videos and courses are provided. The benefits of OER in terms of access, collaboration and new opportunities are highlighted.
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Introduction to open educational resources
- 1. Create Remix License Share Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER) Michael Paskevicius Learning Technologies Application Developer Centre for Innovation and Excellence in Learning Ex. 2029 Room 511, Building 305 August 28, 2012
- 2. 2009-2012 University ofCape Town OER@UCT Project
- 3. by dkscully What doopen educational resources (OER) mean to you?
- 4. Open Educational Resources OpenContent / Open educational resources (OER) / Open Courseware are educational materials which are discoverable online and openly licensed that can be: Shared freely and openly to … redistribute be… Shared and share again. Redistributed Used … used by … adapt / repurpose/ anyone to … improve under some Improved type of license in order to …
- 5. …sharing beyond theclassroom Traditional sharing of Sharing educational teaching materials resources as OER Additional considerations: • Clearing of copyright issues • Formatting for web and accessibility for reuse • Addition of descriptive metadata • Publishing in repository, referatory or on the web Educator Creates Learning activity or resource Designated as OER on web Shares Available to other with students faculties, students and and other institutions. faculty Other educators can now discover and reuse. Adapted from Conole, G., McAndrew, P. & Dimitriadis, Y., 2010
- 6. What has enabledOER? • Change in • Affordances philosophy of the Internet Social Technical Financial Legal • A range of • Alternative financial copyright models Licensing
- 7. Change in philosophytowards an “Open Movement” Open Data Open Source Software Open Society Open Access The Open Movement Open Science Open Educational Resources Open Licences
- 8. Affordances of theInternet Title : File:Internet map 1024.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024.jpg license : Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
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- 10. Choosing a CreativeCommons License http://creativecommons.org/choose/
- 11. A range offinancial models • Donor funding – e.g. Hewlett Foundation • Marketing budget – e.g. Open University • Commission – e.g. MIT and Amazon • Endowment – e.g. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy • Membership – e.g. Sakai Consortium, OCWC • Government – e.g. UK £7.8 million grant, US commitment to OER
- 12. Recap: What makesan OER? • Educational curriculum, materials or mixed media • Discoverable online as they are shared freely and openly • Openly licensed (usually Creative Commons) • Can be legally used by anyone to repurpose/ improve and redistribute
- 13. OPEN VERSUS CLOSEDWEB RESOURCES
- 14. The origins ofOER: MIT OpenCourseWare
- 15. Open Course Ware:Open University
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- 17. Open Video: TheKhan Academy
- 18. Mostly closed video:YouTube
- 19. YouTube recently launcheda Creative Commons licensing option
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- 21. Closed Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia Britannica
- 22. WHERE TO FINDOPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
- 23. A good startingpoint: OER Commons
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- 25. Open learning objectrepository: Merlot
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- 27. Open textbooks forK12: Siyavula
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- 30. Collecting OER inAfrica: OER Africa
- 31. OER from UCT:OpenContent
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- 33. A Creative Commonsimage by (ta) SOME TOOLS OF THE TRADE
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- 36. Attribution made “easier” Add on available for Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Wordpress and Drupal http://openattribute.com/ Demo
- 37. by fd BEYOND OPENCONTENT
- 38. Massive Open OnlineCourses (MOOCs): LAK11
- 39. MITx: MIT’s latestopen education project
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- 42. by ryancr WHY GOOPEN? WHAT ARE THE POSSIBILITIES?
- 43. CHED Computer LiteracyGuides • IEEE UCT chapter use the openly licensed CHED computer literacy materials to support training in a computer lab donated to a high school http://www.ebe.uct.ac.za/usr/ebe/staff/april2010.pdf
- 44. Creative Commons LicensingScreencast • Creative Commons licensing video is translated into Czechoslovakian, French, Italian and Spanish on YouTube
- 45. Studying at University:A guide for first year students • Used by multiple universities across South Africa • The guide has been accessed over 3800 times on the web and over 600 physical printed guides have been sold
- 46. OpenContent becomes aJournal Article • Materials published as OER selected for publishing in the Journal of Occupational Therapy of Galicia, an open access journal for occupational therapists in the Spanish speaking world http://blogs.uct.ac.za/blog/oer-uct/2010/12/06/sharing-knowledge-leads-to-opportunities
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- 48. Closing note: "When youlearn transparently (and openly) you become a teacher“ Siemens, 2010 Siemens, G. & Matheos, K. (2010). Open Social Learning in Higher Education: An African Context. VI International Seminar of the UNESCO chair in e-learning; open social learning. Available online: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oexie4cwpf8
- 49. Prepared by: MichaelPaskevicius Learning Technologies Application Developer Centre for Innovation and Excellence in Learning michael.paskevicus@viu.ca Follow me: http://twitter.com/mpaskevi Blog: http://wordpress.viu.ca/edtechdev/ Presentations: http://www.slideshare.net/mpaskevi This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ca/
Editor's Notes
- #3 Masters in Education Technology at the University of Cape Town in 2009-2011Worked in the Centre for Educational Technology supporting open educational practices (OpenUCT)
- #5 The key aspect of an OER is that it is both discoverable online – so that people can find it AND openly licensed - so that people can legally make use of it. OER includes texts, different forms of media, ideas, as well as documented teaching strategies/techniques or practices. Advocates of openness would suggest that the value in OER is in its potential to support learning in many ways and in many contexts.
- #6 So what is meant to happen is a cycle of teaching material evermore being improved and shared. Plus it is all legal under the terms of the open license. We are all familiar with preparing materials for the classroom, but for those who want to delve into creating OER there are some additional considerations that you will have to take into mind:Clearing of copyright issuesFormatting for web and accessibility for reuseAddition of descriptivemetadataPublishing in repository, referatory or on the webThis is a fair bit of extra work and a number of additional considerations to take into account when creawting instructional media. Fortunatly there are a number of enablers which can help you.
- #8 So open educational resources are part of a larger open movement, which harnesses the affordances provided by the internet, and aims to increase access to information. Open access to research, open availability of data, open science for global collaboration, open source software are all part of this movement.
- #9 Internet has brought us closer together then we have ever been as a planet. The time and cost of sharing has been reduced dramatically. Opportunities for collaboration and to explore how other cultures approach teaching and learning are very exciting!
- #28 Siyavula (also a Shuttleworth project) supports and encourages communities of teachers to work together, openly share their teaching resources and benefit from the use of technology. Siyavula is based upon the collaborative textbook editor created at Rice University called Connexions and allows South African teachers to collaboratively author textbooks appropriate for their context. The books are also now being printed and recently were added to the approved book list for South African schools~
- #29 http://academicearth.org/This site contains videos from a range of subjects and is available under various open licenses to make sure to check the video you wish to use. Terms of use: http://academicearth.org/pages/terms-of-use
- #39 Beyond OER: Open education systems – massive open online courses
- #44 The first example is of the IEEE chapter using our CHED computer literacy guides for lab training. Students from the chapter actually wrote to us asking for permission to use the guides. We were able to say “yes absolutely!” they are freely available on our website and the Creative Commons license provides the terms for reuse.
- #45 Next we have a screencast which was created to help people apply the creative commons to offline works. The video was well received and has since been translated into Czechoslovakian, French, Italian and Spanish.
- #46 Of course the A guide for first year students, which was a resounding success and has been used by the University of Venda and the University of the Western Cape to help new students acclimate to the university environment.
- #47 One of our greatest stories of reuse was that or Matumo Ramafekeng, whose materials which were published as OER on OpenContent, were selected for publishing in the Journal of Occupational Therapy of Galicia, an open access journal for occupational therapists in the Spanish speaking world
- #49 So often we are apprehensive about sharing our works in progress, our thoughts, our notes, our ideas. Technology today provides us many opportunities to share the process of our learning, rather than just the final product. We can share our reflections and ideas on blogs, our thoughts on Twitter or Facebook, and people can instantly comment and contribute to our own ideas. This goes for teaching materials as well, which are sometimes imperfect or not highly refined. In sharing digital media, we may become teachers to someone who is interested in our work. As they follow our thought process, connect to our ideas and references, they may benefit tremendously from us openly sharing the process of our own learning.
- #50 Thank you!