Introduction to Open Source GIS

Introduction to Open Source GIS
Sept, 2017
Mr. Shin, Sanghee
Capacity Building For National Surveying and Geographic Information Institute

Lecturer
Name: Shin, Sanghee
Department: Gaia3D, Inc.
Contact: 010-9686-2630
E-mail: shshin@gaia3d.com
<Education Background>
- Seoul National University
- KAIST
<Short Biography>
- Chair of International FOSS4G Conference, 2015
- Board of Directors, OSGeo Foundation, 2015
- Chair of Technical Advisory Group of UN Open GIS Intiative, 2016

I
CHAPTER
Overview of Open Source SW
II
CHAPTER
Open Source GIS
III
CHAPTER
Open Source GIS Projects
CONTENTS
IV
CHAPTER
OSGeo – Open Source Geospatial Foundation
V
CHAPTER
Wrap-Up

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeTybKL1pM4

01 l What is OSS?
02 | SW Models
03 | Benefits of OSS
04 | WhySelect OSS?
Overview of Open Source SWI.

7
1. What is Open Source SW?
 Open source SW(OSS) is the computer SW that is available in source code form under certain licenses.
 Users of OSS are permitted to use, copy, study, change, improve and even redistribute those OSS freely.
 ‘Free’ does not mean ‘Free of Charge’ but ‘Freedom’ or ‘Liberty’
Freedom
Of
Software
Freedom
of
Redistribute
Freedom
of
Modify
Freedom
of
Copy
Freedom
of
Use

8
2. SW Models – Cathedral vs. Bazaar
Cathedral Bazaar
Leverage own knowledge Leverage others knowledge too
<Closed Development> <Open Development>
 Designed and developed by inside R&D lab
 Inside knowledge, intellectual property, experiences
 Idling knowledge, limited leveraging outside knowledge
 Designed and developed with other outside partners
 Inside knowledge + outside knowledge
 ‘We are smarter than Me!!’
In-House
Development
Collaborative
Development
 Leveraging inside & outside knowledge
 Open Source Software Development Model

9
3. Benefits of Open Source SW
 Benefits of Open Source Software
 Empower people, save money, save resources, increase stability, access to source code, access to skilled
community of developers
Develop the society by sharing technology & outcomes!!
1. Technological
Aspects
2. Economical
Aspects
3. Business
Aspects
4. Other
Aspects
Rapid development of high-
class SW
Increased stability by skilled
community review
Reduce technological gap
to leading proprietary SW
company
Internalize outside SW
developer resources
Very low adoption cost
Reduce SW development
cost
Easy to customize
Reuse successful story
Extend company’s
products portfolio
Open up new market by
providing diversified
services & products
Improve brand image of
company
Reduce energy
Self-Satisfaction
Help society

10
4. Reasons Why Select Open Source
 Open Source Advantages over Commercial SW(2007)
 Open source’s price tag is clearly important driver. OSS is practically cheaper than commercial one.
 57% said that accessibility to source code really matters and 41% cited community code review as an
important benefit over proprietary.
80%
57%
41%
20%
18%
15%
15%
15%
10%
6%
5%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Price
Source Code Access
Community Code Review
Don’t Know
Bug Fix Turnaround
Security
Code Quality
Best Product Functionality
Easier to Adopt in Organization
Other
IP Protection
 Price & open source code are key factors!
* Source : Barracuda Networks

11
 Open Source as Better Quality Software(2013)
Source: BlackDuck Software, ‘2013 The Future of Open Source’

12
 Open Source as Better Quality Software(2014)
Source: BlackDuck Software, http://www.slideshare.net/blackducksoftware/2014-future-of-open-source-survey-results
1
2
3
4
Quality
Security
Ease of Deployment
Source Code Access

14
1. What is Open Source GIS?
 Open Source GIS
• FOSS4G : Free Open Source Software for Geo-Spatial
• GeoFOSS : Geospatial Free Open Source Software

15
2. Why Open Source GIS?
 Current State & Needs of Open Source GIS
 Boom-up of Open Source & Open Source GIS
- Around 300 ~ 400 Open Source GIS projects are available (Freegis.org, 2011)
 Advance of Open Source GIS
- OSGeo Foundation : Commercial proprietary GIS SW can be replaced with Open Source GIS
- Google used Open Source based GDAL in its Google Earth program
- AutoDesk opend the source code of MapGuide, FDO & MetaCRS and then donated those to OSGeo
- ESRI actively used GDAL and also changed its ArcGIS GeoPortal Server to Open Source based one
 Active adoption of Open Source GIS in UN, EU, USA , Canada and other countries
Current State
 Want to meet lots of needs of GIS from public sectors
 Want More with Less!!
 Want to replicate other people & institution’s experience
 Want to manage & modify the system by ourselves!!
Necessity

16
3. Characteristics of GIS
 Characteristics of GIS
 GIS = Vertical Set of Many Software
• Interoperability is very crucial among components
• Linux, Apache, PHP are Horizontal based Software
• GIS is Vertical Architecture based one from DB to web client
 GIS as Public Infrastructure = Spatial Data Infrastructure
• Vendor neutral, standard based architecture is very important
• Active standardization by ISO, OGC
 Open Source GIS as another Lego Block
• Active implementation of “Standard Compatibility” by Open Source GIS
• Open Source GIS could replace commercial proprietary SW/Components

17
4. GIS: Vertical Set of Many Software
 Characteristics of GIS : Vertical Set of Many Software
Data
DBMS
Server
Middleware
Interface
Client
Map Image DEM
Oracle PostgreSQL
ArcServer ArcSDE GeoServer MIP
ArcTMS TMS GeoWebCache
WMS WFS WCS CSW
ArcMAP Google Earth QGIS Web

18
5. Another Lego Block
 Open Source GIS as Substitute for Proprietary Software
ArcReader
ArcMap/ArcGIS
ArcINFO/ArcGRID
ArcPad
ArcSDE
ArcIMS
ArcGIS Server
VB, Python
uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM
uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM
GRASS, OSSIM, SEXTANTE
gvSIG mobile
PostGIS
Mapserver, GeoServer, DeeGree
GRASS, SEXTANTE
PHP, Python, Perl, C#.net, etc…
Viewing
Cartography
Analysis
Devices
Database
Web
Spatial Server
Scripting
• Source : Prof. Kwangwoo Nam

19
 FOSS4G Projects under OSGeo Umbrella
Geospatial
Libraries
Web
Mapping
Desktop
GIS
Metadata
Catalog

20
 C Tribe
OGR/GDAL
Mapserver
GRASS
PostGIS
OSSIM
Proj4
GEOS
QGIS
GMT
TerraLib
MapGuide
FDO
• Source : Tyler Mitchell

21
 Java Tribe
GeoTools
OpenMap
GeoServer
JTS
Topology
Suite
JUMP
uDig
DeeGree
gvSIG
GeoAPI

22
 .Net Tribe
Proj.Net
WorldWind
NTS
SharpMap
MapWindow
GDAL
Proj4
JTS
OGR

23
 Web Tribe
MapBender
TileCache
MapBuilder
CartoWeb
PostGIS
WMS
Mapserver
OpenLayers
FeatureServer
Ka-Map
Geoserver
GeoExt
MapFish
OpenScales ExtJS

24
JSTS
shapely
JTS Topology Suite
(Geometry Engine)
Source: http://www.osgeo.org/files/tyler/images/siglibre_foss_sig_relacion.html

25
6. Rising of Open Source GIS
 Google Trends Analysis
* Source: http://www.google.com/trends/
ArcMap
QGIS

01 l FOSS4G Based NSDI
02 | Real Cases
03 | Korean Cases
04 | Open GeoData
Open Source GIS ProjectsIII.

27
1. FOSS4G Based NSDI
 FOSS4B Based NSDI Architecture

28
 FOSS4B Based System Architecture
Data
DBMS
Server
Middleware
Client
Open Street Map Open Aerial Map GeoNames
PostGIS
MapServer MapGuide GeoServer Deegree
Squid TMS GeoWebCache
QGIS
uDIG
Open Layers GeoExtMap Window
OWS Interface
World Wind LeafletOpen Scales
GRASS GeoNetwork

29
EU : INSPIRE
 EU : INSPIRE
• Hybrid model mixing proprietary and foss4g

30
2. Real Cases
 Geo Bolivia
• Pursuing Open Source GIS based NSDI

31
2. Real Cases
 IGN, France
 Managing more than 100M spatial entities using PostGIS
http://www.ign.fr

32
2. Real Cases
 MassGIS, USA
 Using PostGIS, GeoServer, GeoExt with ESRI Products
http://maps.massgis.state.ma.us/map_ol/moris.php?Yes=Yes

33
2. Real Cases
 MassGIS, USA

34
2. Real Cases
 United Nations Open GIS Initiative
 From ‘More with Less’ to ‘Better with Less’

35
2. Real Cases
 TD of Spiral 1 on Sep, OD of Spiral 1 will be on November.
 United Nations Open GIS Initiative
• 2 times meeting was held and 3rd meeting will be held on November

36
3. Korean Cases
 Open Source GIS Adoptions in Korea

37
3. Korean Cases
 NSDI Portal
http://www.nsdi.go.kr/ http://www.gmap.go.kr
 OpenLayers was used as main web client!

38
3. Korean Cases
 Korea Aerospace Research Institute and Korea Meteorological Administration
 GeoServer, GWC, OpenLayers
http://arirang.kari.re.kr http://gis.kma.go.kr/COMIS4P/map/map.jsp

39
3. Korean Cases
 GeoServer, GWC, Squid, OpenLayers
[Smart Phone] [FOSS4B based Transport Information Service System Architecture]
 National Transport Information Center

40
3. Korean Cases
 Site Suitability Analysis for Investment
 PostGIS, MapServer, Open Scales
• Analysis Menu
• Analysis Results Window

41
4. Open GeoData
 OpenStreetMap
 OSM is made & published by people’s participation!!

42
4. Open GeoData
 OpenStreetMap Activities for Typhoon Haiyan (2013)

01 l OSGeo
02 | Goal &Activities
03 | Incubation
04 | Conferences
OSGeoIV.

44
1. OSGeo – Open Source Geospatial Foundation
OSGeo
- Open Source Geospatial Foundation
• Established in Chicago, US on 4th
February, 2006.
• Mission : To support the collaborative
development of open source
geospatial software, and promote its
widespread use.
• OSGeo is a NPO that is functioning as
community of communities.
 OSGeo General

45
2. Goal & Activities
 Goal & Activities of OSGeo
Goal Activities
 Provide resources for FOSS4G projects
- Infrastructures
- Legal
- Financial
 Promote free and open geospatial data
 Create and maintain a quality brand
 Create and promote free curriculum
 Promote and contribute to standards
 Support FOSS4G on a global scale
 Support local activities and capacities
 Facilitate inter-project communication
 Build a solid market for business and users
 Interface with industry and academia
 Support the education of domain experts not
<brand specialists>
http://www.osgeo.org

46
2. Goal & Activities
 OSGeo Live - Enterprise Ready Open Source GIS Stacks

47
3. Incubation
 OSGeo Incubation
• Efforts for ensuring high quality open source GIS development
• A kind of project health inspection
Have a successfully operating open and collaborative development community1
Have clear IP oversight of the code base of the project2
Adopt the OSGeo principles and operating principles3
Are mentored through the incubation process4

48
4. Conferences
 FOSS4G Conference
• Annual largest open source GIS conference hosted by OSGeo
• FOSS4G 2017 was held at Boston and FOSS4G 2018 will be held at Dar es Salaam
Image source: https://www.flickr.com/groups/2926401@N22/pool/

49
4. Conferences
 Regional and Local Conferences
• FOSS4G Asia, FOSS4G NA, FOSS4G Europe, and FOSS4G Africa as regional FOSS4G
• More than 15 local FOSS4G conferences

01 l Pros & Cons
02 | Commercial Open Source GIS
03 | Wrap-up
Wrap-UpV.

51
1. Pros & Cons
 Economic Advantages – More with Less!
Hardware
Software
Overhead
System
Integration
Hardware
Software
Overhead
System
Integration
Additional
Development
<Previous Cost Structure> <FOSS4B based Cost Structure>
• Additional development
• Could increase jobs
• More with Less
• Users can focus on their
own job instead of
spending SW/HW

52
1. Pros & Cons
 Social Advantages – Capacity Building
• Free access to open source GIS
• Source access to open source GIS
Image source: Gérald Fenoy, https://www.facebook.com/gerald.fenoy

53
1. Pros & Cons
Proprietary
Software
Open Source
Software
 “Software of the developers, by the developers, for the developers”
 Highly depends on network effects
 Less economical incentive could reduce the sustainability of a project
 Downside of Open Source GIS

54
1. Pros & Cons
 Downside of Commercial Proprietary Software
Proprietary
Software
Open Source
Software
 “High Price” is always headache to users
 Can be locked-in to non standard format or protocol
 Black box could hinder knowledge diffusion

55
2. Commercial Open Source GIS Companies

56
3. Wrap-up
• Open Source GIS is basically free.
• The price of commercial Open Source GIS is lower than proprietary one
Cost Reduction
• Almost all the Open Source GIS is compliant with OGC standards
• Open Source GIS can be used with existing proprietary GIS
Interoperability
• Anybody can modify & upgrade the system from the source code level
• Can easily replicate or migrate success cases to their system
Opened
Source Code
• Collaboration, sharing & community based SW development model
• Source code will be managed by community not by company
• Neutrality from specific technology or company
• Anybody can join and contribute to Open Source GIS with OSGeo
Collaboration
based SW
• Open Source GIS is now comparable with commercial proprietary GIS
• Open Source GIS is now actively adopted & used all around the world
Advance of
Open Source
GIS

Introduction to Open Source GIS

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Introduction to Open Source GIS