The document discusses web GIS, defining it as a distributed information system involving a GIS server and a client using web technology. It outlines its components, the advantages of using web GIS over traditional desktop GIS, and its applications including mapping, geospatial analysis, and collaborative data collection. It also provides a brief history, noting key developments from 1993 to the present and emphasizing the increasing functionality and widespread use of web GIS in decision-making processes.