Lab 2 Math functions c++ programming.pptx

WHAT ARE FUNCTIONS?
A function is a block of code that performs a specific task.
Functions are used to call a formula in the main program
It is not included in the main body
Can be called number of times

TYPES
◦Standard functions
◦User-defined functions

STANDARD FUNCTIONS
These standard functions are groups in different libraries
which can be included in the C++ program, e.g math.h,
iostream.h

USERDEFINEDFUNCTIONS
Although C++ is shipped with a lot of standard functions,
these functions are not enough for all users, therefore, C++
provides its users with a way to define their own functions
(or user-defined function)

DEFINING FUNCTIONS
A C++ function consists of two parts
The function header, and
The function body
The function header has the following syntax
<return type> <name> (<parameter list>)
The function body is simply a C++ code enclosed between { }

EXAMPLE
int sum(int a, int b){
int c = a+b;
return c;
}

EXAMPLE- (CALLING A FUNCTION)
int main(){
int num1, num2;
cout<<"Enter first number"<<endl;
cin>>num1;
cout<<"Enter second number"<<endl;
cin>>num2;
cout<<"The sum is "<<sum(num1, num2);
return 0;
}

FUNCTION PROTOTYPE
A function prototype is simply the declaration of a function that
specifies function's name, parameters and return type. It doesn't
contain function body.
A function prototype gives information to the compiler that the
function may later be used in the program.

SYNTAX OF FUNCTION PROTOTYPE
returnType functionName(type1 argument1, type2 argument2, ...);
Int sum (int a, int b)
Declaration: int sum(int, int);

PASSING ARGUMENTS TO A FUNCTION
In programming, argument refers to the variable passed to the function. In the above example,
two variables n1 and n2 are passed during the function call.
The parameters a and b accepts the passed arguments in the function definition. These arguments
are called formal parameters of the function.

RETURNSTATEMENT
The return statement terminates the execution of a function and returns a value to the calling
function.
The void function is used when no return value is needed

EXAMPLE:FINDWHETHERANUMBERISEVENORODD
void eo(int x)
{
if (x%2 == 0)
cout << "Evenn";
else
cout << "Oddn";
}
int main()
{
eo(4);
eo(5);
return 0;
}

PASSING ARRAYS AS
ARGUMENTS TO FUNCTIONS

Void max( float [], int []);
Void temp( float[][], int[][]);
DECLARATIONOFAFUNCTIONWITHARRAYARGUMENTS

PROGRAM TO FIND A
NUMBER AND ITS
POSITION IN AN ARRAY
USING FUNCTIONS

When a function is called, the values that are passed in the call are called arguments or actual parameters
( The actual parameters are x and y in this case)
Formal parameters are local variables which are assigned values from the arguments when the function is
called. ( The formal parameters are a and b in this case which are assigned the values of x and y, to perform
the operation)
int add( int a, int b);
int main()
{ int x=3; y=4;
add(x,y)}
ACTUALANDFORMALPARAMETERS

Call by value
Call by reference
TYPESOFFUNCTIONCALLS

When the function is called in the main function, the values given to actual parameters are
copied to formal parameters of the function and the operation is performed
This means that the values assigned to actual parameters in the main function remain unchanged
no matter whatever the operations are performed in the function
POINTSTOREMEMEBER (CALLBYVALUE)

In call of call by reference, the address is copied to the function using pointers
This means that the value stored at the address in the main function can be changed using
functions
POINTSTOREMEMEBER (CALLBYREFERENCE)

int add(int &a, int &b)
{
int temp;
temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
}
(code in the notes below)
CALLBYREFERENCE(SWAPEXAMPLE)

CLASSTASK (MAHDEPT)
Make a mathematical calculator using functions ( addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division)

1. Get two values a and b, and change the values of a to a=a+b; and b=a-b; using call by
reference
2. Define two functions to print the maximum and the minimum number respectively among
three numbers entered by user.
3. Write a program to print the circumference and area of a circle of radius entered by user by
defining your own function.
HOMETASKS(MATHDEPT)

Lab 2 Math functions c++ programming.pptx

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