Lec 1 Introduction to Programming Concepts.pptx

Lec 1 Introduction to Programming Concepts.pptx

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  Introduction to Programming AComprehensive Guide to Programming Concepts Presented by: Mohammad Javid Miakhil Logar Higher Education Institute 2025
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  Table of Contents 1.Program 2. Programming 3. Programming Languages 4. Types of Programming Languages 5. History of Programming 6. Programming Styles 7. Quiz/Exercises
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  Program A program inthe context of computing is a set of instructions written in a programming language that a computer can execute to perform a specific task or solve a problem. Programs can range from simple scripts that perform basic calculations to complex software applications like operating systems, video games, or web browsers.
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  Programming Programming refers toa technological process for telling a computer which tasks to perform in order to solve problems Programming in computers refers to the process of creating a set of instructions or code that a computer can execute to perform specific tasks or solve problems. It involves writing, testing, and maintaining code using programming languages such as Python, Java, • C++, or JavaScript.
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  Coding Coding is theprocess of writing instructions (code) in a specific programming language that a computer can understand.
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  Coding vs Programming AspectCoding Programming Scope Writing code only Full software development lifecycle Focus Syntax and language-specific rules Problem-solving, logic, and system design Skills Required Language proficiency Analytical thinking, design, and debugging Output Code snippets or scripts Functional software or applications
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  A programming languageis a set of instructions and syntax used to create software programs. Some of the key features of programming languages include:  Syntax: The specific rules and structure used to write code in a programming language.  Data Types: The type of values that can be stored in a program, such as numbers, strings, and Booleans. Programming Language
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   Variables: Namedmemory locations that can store values.  Operators: Symbols used to perform operations on values, such as addition, subtraction, and comparison.  Control Structures: Statements used to control the flow of a program, such as if-else statements, loops, and function calls.  Libraries and Frameworks: Collections of pre-written code that can be used to perform common tasks and speed up development.  Paradigms: The programming style or philosophy used in the language, such as procedural, object- oriented, or functional. Programming Language
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  Computer-understandable languages arecalled low-level programming languages 1.Machine Language 2.Assembly Language Machine Language: Machine language’s instructions are represented in 0’s and 1’s. The computer understands only one language which is machine language. Machine language instructions are machine-dependent or hardware-dependent. Types of Programming Languages: Low-level Programming Languages
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  Assembly Language: A typeof low-level language whose instructions are represented in mnemonic (verbs). ML Assembly 0101101 All Move Assembler An assembler is a translator that converts assembly language code or instructions to machine language.
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  All high-level programminglanguages are in simple English. Are those languages that are user-understandable but not machine-understandable? High-level languages are hardware-independent. Using high-level programming languages, programmers can develop and run applications on different architectures. Examples: C, C++, JAVA, Python, COBOL, PASCAL, R, C#, Javascript High-level programming Language
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  • A typeof programming language used for writing scripts. • What is Script? • A script is a small program executed within another program. • Scripts are embedded within another program. • Examples: Javascript, Vbscript, typescript. Scripting Language
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  Pseudo-code is asimplified, informal, and language- independent way of writing algorithms. It uses plain language and basic programming structures to outline the logic of a program or algorithm without the need for a programming language’s specific syntax. BEGIN INPUT num1, num2 IF num1 > num2 THEN OUTPUT "Maximum is: ", num1 ELSE OUTPUT "Maximum is: ", num2 ENDIF END Pseudo Code
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  A programming paradigmdefines a set of rules for writing programs. 1)Procedural Oriented  Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) is a programming paradigm that breaks down a program into smaller, manageable units called procedures or functions. 2) Modular Oriented  Modular Oriented Programming is a programming approach where a program is divided into independent, self-contained modules that can be developed, tested, and maintained separately Programming Styles (Paradigms)
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  3) Object Oriented Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects, which can contain both data (attributes) and behavior (methods). 4) Functional Oriented  Functional Oriented Programming (FOP), or functional programming, is a Programming paradigm where computation is treated as the evaluation of mathematical functions, and it avoids changing state and mutable data. Programming Styles (Paradigms)
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  Quiz/Exercises 1. Explain whatprogramming is, and why it is important. 2. Provide real-life examples of how programming is used in different fields. 3. Give examples of modern technologies powered by programming (e.g., AI, mobile apps, websites)  The assignment should be submitted as pdf file to the email below: moneyband61@gmail.com