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Making a Chart Using Excel
- 1.
- 2. Objectives: 1. Create agraph using the new Excel version. 2. Understand the terms used in creating a chart. 3. Make changes and customize a graph. 4. Construct a graph that looks like Figure 1.1 to the right.
- 3. To Begin • OpenMicrosoft Excel. • Excel will automatically open a clean spreadsheet similar to the picture on the right.
- 4. Data Table • Thedata table you are going to use is shown to the right. • Age will be the independent variable (x- axis) and Breathing Capacity will be the dependent variable (y-axis). • *Note that the smallest number is not always the last number on the table.
- 5. Entering Data • Incell A1 of the new Excel sheet, type Age (years) and in cell B1, type Breathing Capacity (average% remaining). • Adjust the width of the column if needed. To do this, look at the instructions to the right in Figure 1.3.
- 6. Completed Table When donetyping in your data, it should look like Figure 1.4 to the right.
- 7. Highlighting Data • Yournext step is to highlight the data in your spreadsheet. • Use your mouse to highlight the cells that contain data as shown in Figure 1.5.
- 8. After Highlighting • Convertthe data table into a chart by clicking on the Insert tab (figure 1.6) • The insert tab contains the charts group with a variety of charts to choose from. • For this graphing lab exercise, you will click on scatter, then choose scatter (marker only, no lines. (Figure 1.7 shown on the next slide. • A screen tip displays the chart type name when you wave the pointer over any chart type. The screen tip also provides information of the chart type and when to use each one. Insert tab
- 9.
- 10. Graph Appearance • Thegraph will appear on your Excel chart and look similar to Figure 1.8. • Note: if you wat to change the chart type after your create your chart, click inside the chart. On the Design tab under Chart Tools, in the Type group, click Change Chart Type, and select another type.
- 11. Three Ways toAdd a Title A. Click the Design tab, go to Add Chart Element. Click the more button (mini arrow on the right) to see all the elements that you can add. Each option provides features that change the way graph components (X- & Y-axis) are laid out and what information they supply. For this case select Chart Title, followed by Axis Titles (twice, once for Primary Horizontal, the second for Primary Vertical). B. Another way is to click Design tab, then click Quick Layouts. Click the more button (mini arrow on the right) to see all the layouts. Each option shows different layouts that change the X- & Y-axis) are laid out. C. The third choice is to use the Add Chart Element icon (the large + beside the chart), which offers many of the same options as the Add Chart Element button from part ‘A’ of this section. Example: Layout #1 adds placeholders for a chart and axes titles. It also adds a legend, which can be deleted in this case, since we have only one line. You will then type the titles directly on the chart.
- 12. Adding Titles forChart and Axes: A. In the Chart title box, type in the title for the graph: Breathing Capacity as a Function of Age. B. In the Horizontal axis title box, type in the title for the graph: Age (years). C. In the Vertical axis title box, type in the title for the graph: Breathing Capacity (Average % remaining). Your chart should look similar to Figure 1.10.
- 13. Adding Titles forChart and Axes: continued Commonly Used Categories: • Chart Title and Axis Title: these categories will allow you to type in your title and label your dependent (y-axis) and independent variables (x- axis). • Axes: this option allows you to add, change or remove values on the x- or y-axis. • Gridlines: allows you to adjust gridlines on graph • Legend: opening this category will all to deselect or keep the legend as well as placing the legend in different positions • Data Labels: clicking this tab allows certain properties for each data point to show up on graph. Nothing needs to be done here.
- 14. Format Axis: Under theAdd Chart element option (using either the button on the design ribbon or the + beside the chart) • hover over the axes option (under the button) or click the arrow to the right (under the +) and choose more axis options. • The ‘Format Axis’ menu appears to the right (figure 1.11). • Left click on the number scale beside the desired axis (X or Y) to choose which axis you want to format (figure 1.12). The “AXIS OPTIONS” section allows you to modify the position of the axis and its numbering scale. The “TICK MARKS” section allows you to modify the numeric degradations on the axis. The “NUMBER” section allows you to convert between different types of numerical units (currency, date, time, percentage, etc.). For other options (like color, fill, effects and line size), explore the paint bucket, pentangle and size Icons under the “AXIS OPTIONS” heading.
- 15. Complete the Axis optionsinside the Format axis box. Use Table 1.2 shown to the right.
- 16. When Finished with previousslide: Your “FORMAT AXIS” menu should look like Figure 1.13and your chart should look like Figure 1.14 (the x- axis menu is on the left; the y-axis menu is on the right) If you did not close out the “FORMAT AXIS” menu, position cursor on clear region of the graph (see Click here box in Fig. 1.14) then left click; the menu will change from “FORMAT AXIS” to “FORMAT PLOT AREA”. If you did close out the menu, then right click instead. A pull-down menu will appear, click Formal Plot Area
- 17. Format Plot Area A”FORMATPLOT AREA” menu will appear on the screen similar to figure 1.15
- 18. Format Plot AreaBox: Plot Area Selections: We will use mainly the options under the paint bucket icon: • Fill: allows you to select the background pattern for the plot area. • Border color: allows you to select the style, color, and weight of the line around the plot area. Explore the options under the Effects Pentangle icon: allows you to adjust various effects, like Shadow, Glow, Soft Edges, and 3- D Format.
- 19. To Format DataPoints and the Line: • Position the cursor on the data points or the line and click it (or right click and choose “Format Data Series”, if you’ve closed the menu). • If you had to right click, a pull down menu will appear that will allow you to choose Format data Series (picture to right). The next slide will show what screen will look like (Figure 1.16).
- 20. “FORMAT DATA SERIES” Figure1.16shows the Format data Series menus: • The left hand side shows the options for formatting the line • The right hand side shows the options for formatting the markers (under the ‘LINE’ and ‘MARKER’ options).
- 21. ‘FORMAT DATA SERIES’ Thereare several selections inside the menu, but we will use mainly the submenus ‘LINE’ and ‘MARKER’ under the Paint Bucket Icon (similar to previous options used, Fill, Border, Shadow, Glow, etc., but of special interest is the ‘Marker Options’ choice, which allows you to change the shape of your data points in the graph. Customizing data points: • Line: choose none followed by the style, color, and weight that you like. The appearance of the line will appear under the sample if you choose custom. • Marker: this will format the symbol for each data series. Choose the shape of the symbol that you like best. If you choose the same color for the foreground and background, the symbol will be filled and solid. If you choose a dark color for the foreground with light color (white) for the background the result is an open symbol. The other choices do not apply to this data but fell free to click these tabs to be familiar.
- 22. Line of BestFit: You will add a trendline, use the following steps: • Position your arrow on the data points then, right click. A pull-down menu will be displayed on the screen similar to this. • Go down to Add Trendline and click. • To format trendline: right click the trendline then select format OR Use the + beside the chart, then trendline, then select more options. The ‘FORMAT TRENDLINE’ menu will appear on the screen (figure 1.17 a&b) from which you can choose the type of Trendline you want for your graph.
- 23. Trendline Formatting: Under Trendlineoptions choose Linear. • (Optional): you may also choose the ‘Display equation on chart’ and the ‘Display R-squared values on chart’ to display data analysis information. Under Fill and Line (the paint bucket) options: • Choose Solid Line and fill in any other options that you wish. Graph should look similar to Figure 1.17 c.
- 24. Adding Your Name: •Select the graph by clicking on a blank space. 1. Click on the Insert tab then 2. click on the down arrow under Text 3. Choose Header & Footer Refer to Figure 1.18 The Page set-up box will be displayed. See Figure 1.19. • Click Custom Header and the Header window box will appear (on next slide)
- 25. Adding Your Name:continued Type your name and other information required by your instructor in the left section. Leave other sections as is (unless instructed otherwise). Click OK twice
- 26. Printing Graph: Choose theFILE menu on the top left corner of the screen. In the new menu, click print and then print again to print your graph (figure 1.20 and 1.21). Note: you might have to choose which printer to go to.
- 27. Your Finished Product: Figure1.22 is your finished graph, complete with Header.