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Matter printouts
- 1.
- 2. SLOS SLO 1:Show understanding of the particle nature of matter SLO 2: Explain the difference between the three states of matter SLO 3: Outline how matter changes from one state to another SLO 4: Show understanding of the concept of density and investigate the densities of different substances SLO 5: Use the particle theory to explain the processes of diffusion, expansion and contraction SLO 6: Explain and give examples of the processes of conduction and convection SLO 7: Describe the present atomic model (including the number of protons, neutrons and electrons) and relate some historical models of the atom SLO 8: Show understanding of the definitions of atom, element, compound, molecule and mixture and be able to distinguish between them SLO 9: Understand what a chemical formula represents SLO 10: Recall names and symbols of some of the most common elements
- 3. PARTICLE NATURE OFMATTER Matter is everything that has _________ and takes up__________(everything on earth) Everything is made up of particles called _____ Gold is made of gold atoms Oxygen is made of _________________ Water (H2O) is made of hydrogen and ___________
- 4. PARTICLE THEORY Matteris made up of tiny __________ (Atoms & Molecules) Particles of Matter are always _______________ Particles of Matter are held together by very strong __________________ ____________ affects the speed of the particles. The _________the temperature, the ____________ the speed of the particles.
- 5. PARTICLE THEORY ______________ isall about explaining the properties of solids, liquids and gases by looking at what the particles do. In a solid the particles ______ around a _____ position. There is a ______ force of attraction between each particle and they are very _____ together SOLIDS Words – strong, close, vibrate, fixed View animation
- 6. LIQUIDS GASES In a liquidthe particles are _____ together but can move in any direction. They won’t keep a _____ shape like _____ do. In a gas the particles are very far apart and move _____ in all directions. They often ______ with each other and because they are far apart they can be easily _______. Words – fixed, collide, quickly, close, solids, compressed
- 8. SUCCESS CRITERIA Completepage 50-51 in Scipad Describe two properties that are different between solids and liquids Describe two properties that are different between liquids and gases What are the three states that matter can exist in?
- 9. CHANGING STATES When____________ is added or taken away states of matter change. ____________ heat makes molecules move __________ and further ________, solids turn to _________ then gases as heat is added _______________heat makes molecules move __________ and _________ together, gases turn into _________then solids as heat is removed ____________ also effects states of matter
- 10.
- 11. CHANGING STATE Changingstate requires ________________ Energy is used in changing state so temperature stays the ___________
- 12. MAKING ICE CREAM Putthe following into a ziploc bag and seal it 2 tablespoon sugar 1 cup milk 1/2 teaspoon vanilla Put the following into the ice cream container, put the lid on and shake it. 6 tablespoons rock salt Ice cubes Bag with milk, sugar and vanilla in
- 13. SUCCESS CRITERIA Whathappens to the particles in a liquid when it is turned into a solid? (HINT: discuss speed, closeness, energy level of particles) What happens to the particles in a liquid when it is heated and turned into a gas? (HINT: discuss speed, closeness, energy level of particles)
- 14. DENSITY All objectsare made out of _______________ Density is how ___________ packed those particles are. The more tightly packed the particles, the _____________________ decreasing density
- 15. DENSITY Which is heavier:1kg of feathers or 1 kg of gold? They have the same mass, but what is different about them? Density describes how heavy an object is for its size eg: 1kg of feathers would take up a lot of room because feathers are not very heavy for their size. They have a low density. 1kg of gold metal does not take up much space as it has a high density
- 16. CALCULATING DENSITY The formulato calculate density is: ___________________________ The unit used to measure density is gcm-3 (grams per cm cubed)
- 17. FLOATING AND SINKING Anything with a density of more than 1 gcm-3 will sink in water Anything with a density less than 1 gcm-3 will float Substance Mass in g Volume in cm3 Density in gcm-3 (m/V) Float or sink in water? Aluminium 54 20 Glass 12.5 5 Cork 0.5 2.5
- 18. SUCCESS CRITERIA Putthe states of matter in to order of most dense to least dense Why are gases less dense than solids?
- 19. DIFFUSION Mixing thatis due to molecules moving and colliding is called ______________ ___________ is the net movement of molecules from an area of __________concentration to an area of _________ concentration.
- 20. FACTORS AFFECTING RATEOF DIFFUSION The rate of diffusion depends on: The size of the molecules – smaller move _____ The temperature – warmer moves ______ The state of the matter diffusing – gases move ______ then liquids. The concentration of the chemicals – the _______ the concentration gradient the _____ the diffusion rate
- 21. TASKS: Explain whyyou can smell bread baking in an oven throughout the house Why does diffusion only occur in gases?
- 22. EXPANSION When matteris heated, the particles inside them move _________, and take up more _________ As a result the matter ________
- 23. Effects of heat Heatproduces the following effects on matter: Expansion: The increase in volume which occurs when a system gains heat. Expansion Contraction
- 24. Effects of heat Heatproduces the following effects on matter: Expansion Contraction Contraction: the decrease in volume which occurs when a system loses heat.
- 25.
- 26. SUCCESS CRITERIA Explainwhy power lines sag in the summer
- 27. CONDUCTION ______________is the movementof heat through __________. Heat energy travels from the hot end to the cold end by particles ____________ and jostling less energetic neighbors giving them extra energy
- 28. CONDUCTION EXPERIMENTS Aim: Which metalconducts heat the fastest? Method: 1. Melt wax and attach drawing pins to ends of metals 2. Hold over Bunsen 3. Record the order in which the pins fall off. (metals: brass, copper, aluminium, mild steel and stainless steel) Conclusion: Which metal conducts heat the fastest? Why?
- 29. Conductors and insulators metal Insulatorsdo not allow heat to move through them easily. plastic Double-glazed window air air space cork Conductors allow heat to move through them easily.
- 30. Examples of goodconductors are: __________is the prevention of the transfer of heat. Insulators __________allow the transfer of heat to occur easily. Examples of good insulators are:
- 31. SUCCESS CRITERIA Explainwhat is happening to the particles in a steel rod as heat moves down it? Does conduction occur in solids, liquids or gases? Give a use of conduction. When is conduction a problem?
- 32. CONVECTION _____________ is themovement of heat through liquids or gases. The flow of heat through water or air is called __________________________ Convection currents follow two rules: Heat ____________ (hot air or water rises) Cold ____________ (cold air or water sinks) This is how the heat in the Earth’s mantle moves
- 33. FLYING AND CONVECTIONCURRENTS
- 34. Convection gas particles liquid particles convectioncurrents This is the transfer of heat in liquids and gases. Heat is transferred by the movement of currents.
- 35.
- 36. SUCCESS CRITERIA Howis convection helpful? Why doesn’t convection occur in solids?
- 37. ATOMS All matteris made up of ____________ Chemistry involves the _____________ of atoms or groups of atoms
- 38. ATOMS ARE MADEUP OF THE FOLLOWING SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES: ____________ negative charge outside nucleus, in shells constant motion very very small (1/2000 of a proton) _____________ No charge, neutral Inside nucleus Same size as proton _____________ Positively charged Inside nucleus
- 39. Atoms havean overall neutral charge, therefore: Number of protons = Number of electrons
- 40. MAKING MODELS .. . You are going to make a model of the lithium atom, Li. Li is Lithium, a metal. Li has 3 protons, 3 _________ + 4 neutrons. (remember atoms are neutral so they must have the same number of protons (positive) and electrons (negative)
- 41. ATOM MODEL: Protons– 1 colour of pebble Electron – chocolate chip Neutron – different coloured pebble Nucleus - Marshmallow Electron orbit - cotton
- 42. SUCCESS CRITERIA Copythe title into your books, and draw your model atom. Label your drawing, protons, neutrons, electrons What colour pebble represents the protons? What colour pebble represents the neutrons? What particles make up the nucleus? Complete Scipad page 10 Atoms
- 43. ___________________: Smaller number Number of protons Number of electrons _________________________: Bigger number of the two Total number of sub atomic particles Number of protons + neutrons. ATOM INFORMATION
- 44. How do wework out the number of: Protons = Electrons = Neutrons = ATOMIC INFORMATION
- 45. How canyou tell if a chemical change has occurred? Draw a labelled diagram of an atom, state the charge and size of each particle What information does the atomic number tell us? What information does the mass number tell us? SUCCESS CRITERIA
- 46. Elements aremade of _______________ _____________ are made of two or more elements chemically combined Mixtures are made up of two or more elements which are __________chemically combined ELEMENTS MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS
- 47. Aim: Investigate compoundsand mixtures Method: 1. Separate a mixture of iron and sulphur using a magnet 2. Heat a mixture of iron and sulphur to form iron sulfide which is a compound 3. Now try to separate iron with a magnet Results: Mixtures can/cannot be physically separated Compounds can/cannot be physically separated COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
- 48. Elements containonly ________capital letter Al, H, He Compounds contain more than one element and therefore ___________one capital letter H2O, CuSO4 Each capital letter represents a different atom ATOMS AND COMPOUNDS
- 49. The numbersin a compound tell us how many atoms there are: H2O = CO2 = CuSO4 = Methane has four hydrogen atoms for every one carbon atom, what is its formula? (Carbon goes first)