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Multibyte string handling in PHP
- 1. Multibyte string handlingin PHP with the mbstring extension By Daniel Rhodes of Warp Asylum ( www.warpasylum.co.uk ) As seen on Zend.com!
- 2. What is mbstringfor? Multibyte string handling
- 3. Supports many characterencodings including unicode
- 4. Supports some differentnational languages *
- 5.
- 6. Some Japanese specificfunctions / settings
- 7. Mbstring is NOT...A magic way to get the internals of the PHP interpreter itself to suddenly operate natively with unicode (you'll have to wait and follow the development of PHP itself for that!)
- 8. How to getmbstring Regular (but not “built-in”) extension for PHP
- 9. On most PHPservers it's already there so...
- 10.
- 11. Present and switchedon out-of-the-box in Zend Server (CE and upwards)
- 12. If not presentthen download, but shouldn't need to compile etc
- 13. Some key directivesfor mbstring mbstring.internal_encoding
- 14.
- 15.
- 16. Easy peasy inZend Server
- 17. Enough now –let's rock and roll! Mbstring gives us multibyte-safe versions of the “core” string handling functions
- 18. For example, weall know strlen() …
- 19. … So let'shave a look at mb_strlen()
- 20.
- 21.
- 22.
- 23. Still rocking androlling... Mbstring gives us multibyte-safe versions of the “core” string handling functions For example, we all know strpos() …
- 24. … So let'shave a look at mb_strpos()
- 25.
- 26.
- 27. Wrapping up andmoving on Mbstring gives us multibyte-safe versions of the “core” string handling functions There are LOTS of these multibyte-safe versions of “core” string handling functions – please have a look
- 28. BE CAREFUL butyou can make calls to strlen() (and etc) automatically call mb_strlen() - this is the mbstring.func_overload directive
- 29. Mbstring specific functionsLet's look at character encodings first mb_detect_encoding()
- 30.
- 31. LOTS of supportedencodings
- 32.
- 33. Mbstring.detect_order directive comesinto play here
- 34.
- 35.
- 36.
- 37. Mbstring specific functionsStill looking at character encodings ... mb_detect_encoding()
- 38.
- 39. LOTS of supportedencodings
- 40.
- 41. Mbstring.detect_order directive comesinto play here
- 42.
- 43.
- 44. Regular expressions onmultibyte strings mb_regex_encoding() but note that supported encodings for regex purposes is actually a SUBSET of supported encodings for mbstring itself!
- 45.
- 46.
- 47.
- 48. … and manymore!
- 49. Note: PHP's regularpreg_*() functions can also “do” UTF-8 with the /u pattern modifier !!
- 50.
- 51.
- 52. Summary of mbstringfunctions Directive setting functions
- 53. Multibyte versions ofregular string functions
- 54.
- 55. Encoding detection /conversion
- 56. Japanese specific functions/ settings
- 57.
- 58. Putting it alltogether Mbstring gets PHP working with multibyte
- 59.
- 60.
- 61. PHP script files (best to have encoding of file same as mbstring.internal_encoding)
- 62.
- 63. Output (ie. ProbablyHTML)
- 64. Input (ie. Formsubmissions etc)
- 65. Multibyting your databaseOracle – I'm no expert but look at NCHAR as opposed to CHAR ('N' for 'national language')
- 66. PostgreSQL – I'm no expert but IIRC Postgres automagically understands and converts input / output character encodings
- 67. MySQL – canchoose a “collation” for server, each schema, each table, each column!
- 68. MySQL – collationmeans “charset + sort order” (for example CS means case-sensitive sort order)
- 69. More multibyting yourdatabase MySQL – easiest to put everything on 'utf8_unicode_ci' or 'utf8_general_ci' (but note that these two collations differ when sorting and doing LIKE etc! See http://forums.mysql.com/read.php?103,187048,188748#msg-188748)
- 70. You'll need todo an SQL query of:
- 71. SET NAMES utf8 and / or SET CHARACTER SET utf8
- 72. After connecting andbefore reading / writing
- 73. (otherwise characters willbecome garbled)
- 74. Multibyting your outputHTML For example, for UTF8, we need to output this kind of HTTP header:
- 75.
- 76. ie. header("Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8;");
- 77. Possible but lessdesirable to output as a meta tag in the HTML <head>:
- 78. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8;"/>
- 79. (or simply <metacharset=”UTF-8”> for HTML5)
- 80. Don't forget lang=”xy”or xml:lang=”xy” where needed
- 81. Multibyting your inputTheoretically possible, but unusual, to have a <form> with a different encoding to its host page
- 82. Out-of-the-box, form dataon a SJIS host page comes in as SJIS. Form data on an EUC-JP host page comes in as EUC-JP and etc
- 83. Or have Ijust been very lucky?
- 84. Look at mbstring.http_inputdirective if struggling
- 85. That's all folks!I'll leave you with some things to think about: Iconv (a built-in extension) might be better if all you need is to detect / change encodings
- 86. Previous examples ofpreg_match() failing will probably work with the /u patter modifier (to enable UTF-8)
- 87. No mb versionof trim() or preg_match_all()
- 88. Mbstring in action: http://twitter.com/japxlate http://mapanese.info
- 89. Questions welcome atdaniel.rhodes@warpasylum.co.uk