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Mvc architecture
The document discusses the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern. MVC separates an application's logic into three main components: the model, the view, and the controller. The model manages the application's data and logic, the view displays the data to the user, and the controller interprets user input and updates the model. MVC improves separation of concerns and makes applications more modular, extensible, and testable. It is commonly used for web applications, where the server handles the model and controller logic while the client handles the view.
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MVC is a software design pattern for web applications, separating data representation from user interaction. It is one of the ASP.NET models.
First presented by Trygve Reenskaug in 1979, initially used in Smalltalk-80 framework for Apple interfaces.
Smalltalk's MVC influenced various GUI frameworks, including NEXTSTEP, Cocoa, MFC, Java Swing, and Qt Toolkit.
MVC consists of three parts: Model, View, and Controller, each fulfilling distinct roles in web applications.
The Model manages application data, responding to both view requests and controller instructions.
The View presents data from the Model based on requests, often displayed in HTML format in web applications.
The Controller handles user interactions, reads data from the View, controls input, and updates the Model.
User input initiates a cycle where the Controller updates the Model, which in turn informs the View for display.
MVC follows a dependency hierarchy to minimize dependencies, ensuring the Model is independent of View and Controller modifications.
Originally for desktop, MVC architecture adapts to web applications across programming languages with frameworks enabling model-view separation.
Detailing the typical operations of MVC within web applications and its reliance on user interactions.
MVC is a lightweight alternative to ASP.NET Web Forms, designed for high testability and integration with ASP.NET features.
Steps to create a new Project in Visual Web Developer, setting name and location for the MVC application.
Outline of the typical MVC project structure, including folders for properties, application data, controllers, and views.
Key benefits include clear separation of concerns, parallel development, enhanced maintenance, and independent object structures.
Challenges include increased complexity, potential inefficiencies, necessity for multiple technologies, and team collaboration requirements.
Example of the Observer pattern within MVC, allowing classes to maintain minimal knowledge about each other while notifying views.
Illustrating the interaction process among Controller, BankAccount, and Views, demonstrating the observer notifications in action.
Mvc architecture
- 1. Introduction • Model ViewController or MVC as it is popularly called, is a software design pattern for developing web applications. • MVC is one of three ASP.NET programming models. • Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architecture pattern which separates the representation of information from the user's interaction with it .
- 2. History of MVC •Presented by Trygve Reenskaug in 1979 • First used in the Smalltalk-80 framework – Used in making Apple interfaces (Lisa and Macintosh
- 3. MVC uses Smalltalk’s MVCimplementation inspired many other GUI frameworks such as: • The NEXTSTEP and OPENSTEP development environments encourage the use of MVC. • Cocoa and GNUstep, based on these technologies, also use MVC. • Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) (also called Document/View architecture) • Java Swing • The Qt Toolkit (since Qt4 Release).
- 4. Parts of MVC •A Model View Controller pattern is made up of the following three parts: • Model • View • Controller
- 5. The MVC modeldefines web applications with 3 logic layers: The business layer (Model logic) The display layer (View logic) The input control (Controller logic)
- 7. Model • The modelis responsible for managing the data of the application. • It responds to the request from the view and it also responds to instructions from the controller to update itself • It is the lowest level of the pattern which is responsible for maintaining data. • The Model represents the application core (for instance a list of database records). • It is also called the domain layer
- 8. View • The Viewdisplays the data (the database records). • A view requests information from the model, that it needs to generate an output representation. • It presents data in a particular format like JSP, ASP, PHP. • MVC is often seen in web applications, where the view is the HTML page.
- 9. Controller • The Controlleris the part of the application that handles user interaction. • Typically controllers read data from a view, control user input, and send input data to the model. • It handles the input, typically user actions and may invoke changes on the model and view.
- 10. Workflow in MVC ThoughMVC comes in different flavours, the control flow generally works as follows: 1. The user interacts with the user interface in some way (e.g., user presses a button) 2. A controller handles the input event from the user interface, often via a registered handler or callback. 3. The controller accesses the model, possibly updating it in a way appropriate to the user’s action (e.g., controller updates user’s shopping cart).
- 11. 4. A viewuses the model to generate an appropriate user interface (e.g., view produces a screen listing the shopping cart contents). The view gets its own data from the model. The model has no direct knowledge of the view. 5. The user interface waits for further user interactions, which begins the cycle anew.
- 12. Dependence hierarchy • Thereis usually a kind of hierarchy in the MVC pattern. • The Model knows only about itself. • That is, the source code of the Model has no references to either the View or Controller.
- 13. • The Viewhowever, knows about the Model. It will poll the Model about the state, to know what to display. • That way, the View can display something that is based on what the Model has done. • But the View knows nothing about the Controller.
- 14. • The Controllerknows about both the Model and the View. • Take an example from a game: If you click on the "fire" button on the mouse, the Controller knows what fire function in the Model to call. • If you press the button for switching between first and third person, the Controller knows what function in the View to call to request the display change.
- 15. Why dependence hierarchyis used? • The reason to keep it this way is to minimize dependencies. • No matter how the View class is modified, the Model will still work. • Even if the system is moved from a desktop operating system to a smart phone, the Model can be moved with no changes. • But the View probably needs to be updated, as will the Controller.
- 16. Use in webapplications • Although originally developed for personal computing, Model View Controller has been widely adapted as an architecture for World Wide Web applications in all major programming languages. • Several commercial and noncommercial application frameworks have been created that enforce the pattern. • These frameworks vary in their interpretations, mainly in the way that the MVC responsibilities are divided between the client and server
- 17. • Early webMVC frameworks took a thin client approach that placed almost the entire model, view and controller logic on the server. • In this approach, the client sends either hyperlink requests or form input to the controller and then receives a complete and updated web page from the view; the model exists entirely on the server. • As client technologies have matured, frameworks such as JavaScript MVC and Backbone have been created that allow the MVC components to execute partly on the client
- 18. Working of MVCin web application
- 19. Web forms vs.MVC • The MVC programming model is a lighter alternative to traditional ASP.NET (Web Forms). • It is a lightweight, highly testable framework, integrated with all existing ASP.NET features, such as Master Pages, Security, and Authentication.
- 20. Creating the WebApplication • If you have Visual Web Developer installed, start Visual Web Developer and select New Project.
- 21. Steps • In theNew Project dialog box: Open the Visual C# templates Select the template ASP.NET MVC 3 Web Application Set the project name to MvcDemo Set the disk location to something like c:example_demo Click OK • When the New Project Dialog Box opens: Select the Internet Application template Select the Razor Engine Select HTML5 Markup Click OK
- 22. Visual Studio Expresswill create a project much like this:
- 23. MVC Folders • Application information Properties References • Application folders App_Data Folder Content Folder Controllers Folder Models Folder Scripts Folder Views Folder Configuration files Global.asax packages.config Web.config
- 24. Advantages • Clear separationbetween presentation logic and business logic. • Each object in mvc have distinct responsibilities. • parallel development • easy to maintain and future enhancements • All objects and classes are independent of each other.
- 25. Disadvantages • Increased complexity •Inefficiency of data access in view • Difficulty of using MVC with modern user interface too. • For parallel development there is a needed multiple programmers. • Knowledge on multiple technologies is required.
- 26. Example • The Observerpattern allows the BankAccount class to notify multiple views without minimal information. • Observers can register themselves with their Subjects. No strings attached!
- 27. Observer Class Diagram Observable Observer +addObserver(Observer) +update(Observable, +deleteObserver(Observer) Object) +notifyObservers(Object) #hasChanged() : boolean #setChanged() AccountView +update(Observable, Object) BankAccount +widthdraw(double) : long +deposit(double) : long SummaryView +getBalance() : double +update(Observable, Object)
- 28. Transactions Happen! Controller BankAccount AccountView SummaryView deposit() setChanged() notifyObservers() update() getBalance() update() getBalance()