Object Oriented Programming using C++: C++ Templates.pptx

 Templates are powerful features of C++ which allows us to write generic
programs. There are two ways we can implement templates:
 Function Templates
 Class Templates
 Similar to function templates, we can use class
templates to create a single class to work with
different data types.
 Class templates come in handy as they can make our code shorter and more
manageable.
C++ Class Templates
Templates
Function
Templates
Class
Templates

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int add(int a, int b){
return a + b;
}
double add(double a, double b){
return a + b;
}
int main(){
int iA = 3, iB = 4;
double dA = 3.4, dB = 4.3;
cout << iA << " + "<< iB << " = " << add(iA, iB) << endl;
cout << dA << " + " << dB << " = " << add(dA, dB) << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
3
Example 1: Function Overloading
1

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
template <typename T>
T add(T a, T b){
return a + b;
}
int main(){
int iA = 3, iB = 4;
double dA = 3.4, dB = 4.3;
cout << iA <<" + "<< iB << " = "<< add(iA, iB) << endl;
cout << dA <<" + " << dB << " = " << add(dA, dB) << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
4
Example 2: One Argument Function Template
1

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
template <typename T>
inline T const& Max(T const& a, T const& b){
return a < b ? b:a;
}
int main(){
int i = 39, j = 20;
cout << "Max("<<i<<","<< j<<") = " << Max(i, j) << endl;
double d1 = 13.5, d2 = 20.7;
cout << "Max("<<d1<<","<< d2<<") = " << Max(d1, d2) << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
5
Example 3: Two Arguments Function Template
1

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
template <typename T> class Calculator {
private:
T num1, num2;
public:
Calculator(T n1, T n2) {
num1 = n1; num2 = n2;
}
void Result(){
cout << "Numbers are: " << num1 << " and " << num2 << "." << endl;
cout << num1 << " + "<< num2 <<" = "<< add() << endl;
cout << num1 << " / "<< num2 <<" = "<< divide() << endl;
}
T add();
T divide();
};
6
Example 4: Calculator using Class Template (1/2)
1

template <typename T> T Calculator<T> :: add() {
return num1 + num2;
}
template <typename T> T Calculator<T> :: divide() {
return num1 / num2;
}
int main() {
Calculator <int> iCalc(5, 2);
Calculator <double> dCalc(2.6, 1.2);
cout << "Int Result:" << endl;
iCalc.Result();
cout << endl << "Double Result:" << endl;
dCalc.Result();
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
7 2
Example 4: Calculator using Class Template (2/2)

#include <iostream>
const int SIZE = 3; // stack size
template <typename T> class Stack {
private:
T stack_array[SIZE]; int top;
public:
Stack() { top = -1; }
bool Is_Empty() { return top <= -1; }
bool Is_Full () { return top >= SIZE-1; }
void Push ( T data );
void Pop ( );
T Top();
};
template<typename T> void Stack<T> :: Push(T data) {
if (Is_Full()) // if stack full,
cout << "Error: Stack is full"<< endl;
else
stack_array[++top] = data;
}
8 2
Example 5: Stack Using Class Template (1/2)

template<typename T> void Stack<T> :: Pop() {
if (!Is_Empty()) top--;
}
template<typename T> T Stack<T> :: Top() {
if (!Is_Empty())
return stack_array[top];
return NULL;
}
int main() {
Stack<int> st;
int i = 1;
while(!st.Is_Full()){
st.Push(i++*11);
}
while(!st.Is_Empty()){
cout << st.Top() << endl;
st.Pop();
}
system("PAUSE"); return 0;
}
9 2
Example 5: Stack Using Class Template (1/2)

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
template<class T1, class T2> class Test_Class {
T1 a;
T2 b;
public:
Test_Class (T1 a1, T2 b2){
a = a1; b = b2;
}
void Test(T1 x, T2 y);
void Show( );
};
10
Example 6: Using Two Templates in a Class (1/2)
1

template<class T1, class T2> void Test_Class <T1,T2> :: Test(T1 x, T2 y) {
a = x;
b = y;
}
template<class T1, class T2> void Test_Class <T1,T2> :: Show() {
cout << a << " and " << b << endl;
}
int main() {
Test_Class <double,int> test1 (1.23, 123);
Test_Class <int,char> test2 ( 200, 'Z');
test1.Show();
test2.Show();
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
11 2
Example 6: Using Two Templates in a Class (2/2)

Object Oriented Programming using C++: C++ Templates.pptx

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