ODBC and JDBC presentation slides to learn

APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE
 An application programming interface (API) is a connection between computers or
between computer programs.
 It is a type of software interface, offering a service to other pieces of software.
 In contrast to a user interface, which connects a computer to a person, an application
programming interface connects computers or pieces of software to each other.
 One purpose of APIs is to hide the internal details of how a system works, exposing
only those parts a programmer will find useful and keeping them consistent even if the
internal details later change. An API may be custom-built for a particular pair of
systems, or it may be a shared standard allowing interoperability among many systems.
 When used in the context of web development, an API is typically defined as a set of
specifications, such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request messages, along
with a definition of the structure of response messages, usually in an Extensible
Markup Language (XML) or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format.

ODBC
 Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming
interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS).
 ODBC accomplishes DBMS independence by using an ODBC driver as a translation
layer between the application and the DBMS.
 The application uses ODBC functions through an ODBC driver manager with which it
is linked, and the driver passes the query to the DBMS.
 An application that can use ODBC is referred to as "ODBC-compliant".
 Any ODBC-compliant application can access any DBMS for which a driver is
installed.
 Drivers exist for all major DBMSs, many other data sources like address book systems
and Microsoft Excel, and even for text or comma-separated values (CSV) files.

ODBC Drivers
Connection Management:
 ODBC drivers handle tasks like locating and connecting to the DBMS.
 They support authentication and session initiation, ensuring the application can
establish and terminate connections effectively.
SQL Command Translation and Execution:
 SQL statements from the application are passed to the ODBC driver, which
translates them into a form understood by the DBMS.
 If certain SQL features are unsupported by the DBMS, the driver can
emulate them.
Data Conversion:
 ODBC drivers map the DBMS's proprietary data types into standardized
ODBC data types, which are based on C language formats.
 This ensures consistent data handling across different databases.

Driver Manager
 A Driver Manager is a special software layer that manages ODBC drivers and enhances
their functionality. It acts as an intermediary between applications and database drivers,
ensuring seamless communication.
 The DM can identify all installed ODBC drivers on a system. It often presents this
information in a list, typically via a GUI (Graphical User Interface). For example, it can
show a list of drivers for databases like MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL.

DSN
A Data Source Name (DSN) is a configuration that stores connection details for a specific
database. DSNs are critical for making ODBC connections user-friendly and reusable.
Different instances of the same database software (e.g., MySQL) may require different
connection details.
Includes Driver Name, Server Information, Database Name, Authentication Details, Port
and Protocols.
 Connection Management Using DSNs
The DM uses DSNs to streamline the process of connecting to databases:
1. Applications select a DSN by name (e.g., "My Local MySQL").
2. The DM retrieves the connection details stored in that DSN.
3. If any information is missing (e.g., a password), the DM prompts the user to provide it
at runtime.

Bridges used in ODBC
ODBC-to-JDBC (ODBC-JDBC) bridges
 An ODBC-JDBC bridge consists of an ODBC driver which uses the services of
a JDBC driver to connect to a database. This driver translates ODBC function-calls into
JDBC method-calls. Programmers usually use such a bridge when they lack an ODBC
driver for some database but have access to a JDBC driver.
JDBC-to-ODBC (JDBC-ODBC) bridges
 A JDBC-ODBC bridge consists of a JDBC driver which employs an ODBC driver to
connect to a target database. This driver translates JDBC method calls into ODBC
function calls. Programmers usually use such a bridge when a given database lacks a
JDBC driver, but is accessible through an ODBC driver
OLE DB-to-ODBC bridges
 An OLE DB-ODBC bridge consists of an OLE DB Provider which uses the services of
an ODBC driver to connect to a target database. This provider translates OLE
DB method calls into ODBC function calls. Programmers usually use such a bridge
when a given database lacks an OLE DB provider, but is accessible through an ODBC
driver.

Advantages:
 Centralized Configuration
 Ease of Use for Developers
 Standardization Across Databases
 Runtime Flexibility

 JDBC drivers are client-side adapters (installed on the client machine, not on the
server) that convert requests from Java programs to a protocol that the DBMS can
understand.
 Types
Commercial and free drivers provide connectivity to most relational-database servers.
These drivers fall into one of the following types:
• Type 1 that calls native code of the locally available ODBC driver.
• Type 2 that calls database vendor native library on a client side. This code then talks to
database over the network.
• Type 3, the pure-java driver that talks with the server-side middleware that then talks to
the database.
• Type 4, the pure-java driver that uses database native protocol.

ODBC and JDBC presentation slides to learn

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