Problem solving

Problem solving

• 1.
  PROBLEM SOLVING Process andTechnique
• 2.
  PROBLEM SOLVING defining the problem (questionor situation that presents uncertainty, perplexity or difficulty) and creating a vast number of possible solutions without judging these solutions. “Problem solving is a cognitive processing directed at achieving a goal where no solution method is obvious to the problem solver.”
• 3.
  SKILLS NEEDED FORPROBLEM SOLVING Making judgements Analytical Skills Critical Thinking Collecting Information Planning
• 4.
  PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS STAGEONE Define the Starting Issue(s) Analyze the Situation Define the Problem Objectives: 1. To analyze the facts. 2. To define the problem Understand the Issues
• 5.
  PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS STAGETWO Find Solutions Generate Ideas Evaluate Ideas Make Decisions Objectives: 1. To generate ideas. 2. To evaluate ideas. 3. To decide on the best possible solution
• 6.
  PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS STAGETHREE Plan Your Action Analyze the Impact Plan Your Action Plan the Follow-through Objectives: 1. To determine the impact on people and systems. 2. To build on action plan. 3. To decide on follow-through.
• 7.
  INTERPERSONAL PROBLEM SOLVING 1.Presenting yourself • Eye Contact • Good voice 2. I-talk • Convey displeasure • Unhappiness about the situation 3. The Mary Poppins Rule “A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down”. • Polite language 4. The Comic Parry (or keep it light) • Use of humor and wit in problem situations
• 8.
  INTERPERSONAL PROBLEM SOLVINGSKILLS Problem sensitivity: Ability to be aware of problems that arise out of social situations. A sensitivity to the kinds of social situations out of which interpersonal difficulties may arise. Ability to examine relationships with others in the here and now.
• 9.
  INTERPERSONAL PROBLEM SOLVINGSKILLS Alternative solution training: Ability to generate a wide variety of potential solutions to the problem. Skill is to draw from a repertoire of ideas representing differing categories of solutions to a given problem.
• 10.
  INTERPERSONAL PROBLEM SOLVINGSKILLS Brainstorming: The creative art of generating the greatest number of ideas in the shortest possible time. Acceptance of every idea uncritically Aim for quantity not quality At this stage do not initiate any discussion List the ideas Set a time limit
• 11.
  INTERPERSONAL PROBLEM SOLVINGSKILLS Means-ends thinking: Ability to articulate the step by step means necessary to carry out the solution to a given interpersonal problem. Ability to recognize obstacles, the social sequences deriving from these solutions. Recognition that interpersonal problem solving takes time.
• 12.
  INTERPERSONAL PROBLEM SOLVINGSKILLS Consequential thinking: Being aware of the consequences of social acts as they affect self and others. Ability to generate alternative consequences to potential problem solutions before acting.
• 13.
  INTERPERSONAL PROBLEM SOLVINGSKILLS Causal thinking: Reflects the degree of appreciation of social and personal motivation. Involves the realization that how one felt and acted may have been influenced by and, in turn, may have influenced how others felt and acted.
• 14.
  Left Brain • Followsa logical pattern • Is objective, rather than subjective• Views time chronologically, minute by minute, hour by hour• Sees things as true or false, black or white • Seeks the detail, sees the trees rather than the forest • Houses short-term memory • Thinks critically, perhaps negatively, asks “why?”. EFFECTIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING
• 15.
  Right Brain • Followsintuitive hunches • Creates patterns, without following a step-by-step process• Is subjective, rather than objective • Views time in a total sense – a lifetime, career, project• Sees the forest, rather than the trees• Thinks positively, unconstrained by preconceived ideas• Asks “why not?”, breaks rules EFFECTIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING