Resource Sharing and Networking
This document discusses resource sharing and networking among libraries. It notes that no single library can satisfy all user needs, leading to the concept of library cooperation through activities like interlibrary loans. The advent of information and communication technologies has created new opportunities for greater cooperation through library consortia. Resource sharing involves reciprocity where members contribute and share resources, knowledge, data, facilities and information. Factors that help and hinder effective resource sharing are discussed.
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Resource Sharing and Networking
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- 2. INTRODUCTION • No libraryis able to satisfy all the needs of its clientele • This gave rise to the concept of Library Cooperation • The concept is now known as Resource Sharing • Library Cooperation remained confined to inter-library loan • Even inter-library loan was not being practised widely
- 3. • Advent ofICT has opened up new opportunities for greater cooperation among libraries • Emergence of Library Consortia is a promising development for Resource Sharing
- 4. • Resource sharingsignifies a symbol of good will, and intent to share resources, knowledge, bibliographical data, facilities and other fruits of modern technology, man's ingenuity and the results of accumulated wealth of knowledge.
- 5. • Resource sharingin its most positive aspect entails reciprocity implying a partnership in which each member has something useful to contribute to others and which each is willing and able to make available when needed.
- 6. • A degreeof democratization of information in which all information is made a uniformly available as feasible. • A steady increase in the ability to serve at all points of service.
- 7. • A cooperativelysharing the resources of many library.
- 8. • An increasingdegree of specialization in the collection and interest of individual libraries. • A sense of responsibility by the individual libraries to serve others.
- 9. • Willingness onthe part of libraries to cooperate in a voluntary, but responsible manner. • The effective cooperation depends upon adequate resources, administrative ability, and efficient communication.
- 10. Resources that couldbe shared: – Space – Collections (use and development) – Staff (use and development) – Technology
- 11. • Proliferation ofliterature in each and every field of knowledge. • Multiplicity of documents in different subjects, languages and formats. • Development of new subjects.
- 12. Need • Development ofspecializations • Increase in the reading community and information seekers • Diversity of user groups and their information needs
- 13. Need • Demand forpinpointed, exhaustive and expeditious information service. • Paucity of resources. • Lack of environment to make use of available . • communication technology to achieve economy and efficiency in library operations.
- 14. Need • The bewilderingdiscoveries in the field of science and technology leading to Moon walking is the projected Mars walking and the analysis of the dust of these planets has opened the flood gates of knowledge for common man. • Serve budgetary cuts and financial constraints. • Emergence and growth of e-publications .
- 15. • Assist memberlibraries in the selection of materials. • Coordinate cooperative acquisition, interlibrary loans, and the reproduction of materials for the member libraries.
- 16. Objectives • Stimulate theimprovement of library facilities and services. • Cooperation in the development of library personnel.
- 17. Objectives • Provide, throughcooperative acquisition by voluntary agreement, material beyond the reach of individual libraries. • To achieve standardization and uniformity in various library Practicals. • To build bibliographic database and tools eg., Union Cat.; lists, required for exchange
- 18. Objectives • To buildother databases like theses, projects. • Achieve economy in the use of resources, both human and material.
- 19. Objectives • Reduce wastefulduplication of intellectual effort and expenses.
- 20. • Positive attitudeof libraries towards cooperation. • Leadership of various participating libraries. • Advances in computer telecommunication and reprographic technologies.
- 21. Factors: help • Awarenessof mutual benefits to be drawn from cooperation. • Availabi1ity of adequate and reliable data about the resources and facilities of the participating libraries. • Organizational and Behavioural factors.
- 22. • Lack oftechnological sophistication. Because of network unreliability, erratic electric supply, limited reprographic equipments, poor maintenance of them, inadequate climate control, lack of technical know how, lack of equipments to use microfilms, audiovisual media, lack of computerized services.
- 23. Factors: Hampers RS •Physical and economic barriers. Distance & costs have limited services and hours of opening have prevented full utilization of resources, shortage of human, financial, material resources, postage& shipping regulations.
- 24. Factors: Hampers RS •Censorship of materials was often arbitrarily administered and restriction for reasons of religious belief, national security and other political considerations became obsessions. Sharing of resources may be discouraged for economic as well as political reasons.
- 25. Factors: Hampers RS •Sociological/cultural/educational impacts - high illiteracy and poor motivation to use services produced varying service objective, poor presentation of information or lack of identified need, language barriers, lack of training and tradition in the use of information, resistance to change, the intangibility of many of the benefits of information access were detractors.
- 26. Factors: Hampers RS •Information policies and plans - lack of suitable infrastructure and established national information policies produced conflicting ad-hoc decisions, ineffective performance of systems, lack of effective procedures, inadequate bibliographic control by both book trade and libraries
- 27. Factors: Hampers RS •Legal considerations - unnecessary restrictions and procedures associated with the use of published materials including copyright, censorship, photocopying restrictions.
- 28. Factors: Hampers RS •Personal skepticism - prejudice and value difference held by those responsible for action promoted suspicion and distrust.
- 29. Factors: Hampers RS •Inadequate budget • Shortage of staff • Lack of awareness about utility. • Restrictions in lending library materials to others.
- 30. Factors: Hampers RS •Reluctance to give up ownership (size matters!) even with, eg, JSTOR. • Reluctance to take risks. • Reluctance to compromise (eg on specification for system) • Reluctance to provide professional leadership
- 31. • Documentary resources •B. Manpower • C. Technology • D. Management • E. Users
- 32. • Publication ofparticipating libraries • Bibliographic access tools • Special collections of participating libraries • Non-book materials
- 33. • Highly trainedlibrary staff to conduct network process like library automation (automation of all sections), literature searching and Database search.
- 34. • Concept ofcooperation changed over to newer concept network by the advancement in the technology. Advances in technology increases the use of telecommunication like telephone, telex, email etc. Internet connectivity to all participating libraries is essential component.
- 35. • Adoption ofsound and viable procedure in management. Flexibility of system to adjust itself to changing situation, operational research is essential to optimize the use of available library resources.
- 36. • to knowtheir behavior • to know their demand • to know their reading habits • to know their approach to information sources • to know their feedback mechanism • to know user satisfaction. Therefore, user education and training programmes are essential.
- 37. • Technical services- Cooperative acquisition Cooperative classification Cooperative cataloguing
- 38. • Cooperative purchaseof research publication and journals will be desirable. Some specific subject areas on which each participating library intends concentrating may also be decided to ensure better coverage as well as to avoid unnecessary duplications.
- 39. Cooperative Acquisition • Acentralized agency should look after all the process of acquisition according to the agreement made by the participating libraries. The agency will find the work remunerative too since it will be working for a group of libraries. This will save lot of correspondence, postage and time of all libraries.
- 40. • The librariesmay jointly establish on national or regional level, a centralized system of classification and cataloguing. This will help in avoiding useless duplication of work, wastage of time, money and human labour.
- 41. Cooperative clsn &cataloging • The participating libraries under this system will employ highly qualified and experienced staff for technical processing and share the expense involved. This cooperative effort with the joint responsibilities will bring in uniformity and improvement in quality in the technical processing of the participating libraries.
- 42. • Abstracting • Indexing •List of current acquisitions (Union List and Union Catalogue) • Bibliography of special subject collection • Translations • Reprographic services etc
- 43. SOURCE & RESOURCE •The concept of Information Resource is often not defined properly. • Library documents are called Information Sources as they provide information. • They are also called Information Resources. • But the terms Information Source and Information Resource are not interchangeable • A Source is one that makes something available, but a Resource helps in creating something new.
- 44. • As alibrary generates all its services on the basis of its information sources they can also be called information resources so long libraries were having printed resources • Now resources are available in various other formats, such as AV, digital, etc. • E-resources are more popular these days because of their distinct advantages
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- 46. OBJECTIVE OF CONSORTIA •Basically consortia have been created for acquisition and sharing use of e-journals • It is possible for the users of participating libraries to access and/or download the required materials remotely • The objective of consortia can be widened to make them efficient instruments of sharing of all types of library resources
- 47. TYPES OF CONSORTIA Theoreticallyconsortia can be of various types depending on their characteristics: By type of libraries covered – Consortia of multi-type libraries – Consortia of same type libraries By geographical area of coverage – Local level consortia – State level consortia – National level consortia – International level consortia
- 48. By subject/discipline covered –Single discipline oriented consortia – Multi-discipline oriented consortia By basis of formation – Non-sponsored consortia – Sponsored consortia • Any existing consortia may fall in more than one category
- 49. INDIANLIBRARY CONSORTIA • Libraryconsortia have come up in many countries • Several consortia have come up in India too: – Forum for Resource Sharing in Astronomy and Astrophysics (FORSA) – Indian National Digital Library in Science & Technology (INDEST) – INFONET Project of UGC – Health Sciences Library & Information Network (HELINET) – CSIR E-Journal Consortium – DAE Library Consortium – IIM Library Consortium
- 50. INFORMATIONRESOURCE SHARINGFUNCTIONS A consortiumcan take up following activities for promoting information resource sharing: • Cooperative collection development among member libraries • Cooperative processing of information resources acquired through consortium • Creation of virtual library covering all the e- resources available in member lib raries
- 51. • Compilation ofbibliographical and /or full- text databases of the holdings of the member libraries, both print and non-print • Sharing of information resources, both traditional and digital, of member libraries through network or document delivery service • Allowing reciprocal borrowing by the members of all libraries of the consortium • Supporting member libraries for setting institutional repositories, e-print archives, electronic theses collection, etc.
- 52. • Digitization ofvaluable and rare collections of member libraries available in printed format and providing access to such materials to the members of all the libraries of the consortium • Developing common interface to catalogues, databases and e-collection by creating portals