Software Engineering in PHP

M A Hossain Tonu http://mahtonu.wordpress.com <mahtonu@gmail.com> an industry perspective

OBJECTIVE Adopting some engineering into your PHP Development Quick view on enterprise PHP development process Will give you concept, not complete set of details 

CONTENTS Engineering Approach Design Patterns Architectural Patterns PHP Development Methodology PHP Development Process Best Practices Successful PHP Projects Open source Revenue Model User Documentation Commercial Support

DESIGN PATTERNS A general reusability solution Shows relationships and interactions between classes or objects Four common design patterns Strategy Pattern Singleton Pattern Factory Pattern Adapter Pattern

DESIGN PATTERNS : STRATEGY PATTERN Enables us to make decisions on different cases Example: User notification system class.emailnotifier.php class.faxnotifier.php class.smsnotifier.php interface.Notifier.php

DESIGN PATTERNS : SINGLETON PATTERN Delivers a single instance of an object no matter how many times you instantiate it. Example: Self refers to current class and $this refers to current object

ARCHITECTURAL PATTERNS An image of a system Describes software behavior Common Example: MVC (Model-View-Controller) SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) Multi-tier (Frontend, Application, Data)

ARCHITECTURAL PATTERNS: MVC Model–View–Controller Model is responsible to manage the data; it stores and retrieves entities used by an application, i.e. from a database contains the logic implemented by the application. View (presentation) is responsible to display the data provided by the model similar usage with the template modules present in some popular web applications, like wordpress, joomla, … Controller Perform as glue between Model and View Helps to persist data from Model to View

PHP DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY Defines development infrastructure Provides a framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing Common Example: Water Fall Agile(SCRUM, XP ) RAD

DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY: WATER FALL Classical method

DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY: AGILE Mostly used agile philosophy are XP and SCRUM Generic Agile development process:

FOUNDATION Start with a foundation Use a framework Provides guidelines Off the shelf components  Examples Code Igniter http://www.codeigniter.com/ CakePHP http://cakephp.org/ Zend Framework http://framework.zend.com/ Symfony http://www.symfony-project.org/

SECURITY Not a language feature It is you who writes secure PHP application Common security check list: User input/From validation XSS SQL/Code Injection Session hijacking Error reporting

TESTING More testing = less debugging Unit Testing Verify the functionality of a specific section of code Integration testing Verify the interfaces between components against a software design Acceptance Testing Verify customer acceptance Tools: PHPUnit http://www.phpunit.de Selenium http://seleniumhq.org/

DEBUGGING If you don’t have bugs in your code, you are not smart enough to debug Checklist: function call flow error notification variable values with a given scope Debugger/Profiler Tools: Xdebug http://www.xdebug.org

OPTIMIZATION Caching Op-code caching {Page|Database|Module|…} caching Optimized Database Design Database Indexing strategy Writing good SQL

DEPLOYMENT Always automate your deployment Deploy to Develop env Test env LIVE LIVE = Shared server/Cloud server/… Use SVN Code is just a part, don’t forget the database Create a “Deployment and Release” Profile

PERFORMANCE Consider you have bought the product worth $1k$ How fast system performs under a particular work load Tests scalability, reliability and resource usage.

REFACTORING Cleaning up code Without changing behavior Not adding new feature Use unit test you ensure you don’t break anything

BEST PRACTICES Don’t re-invent the wheel Follow coding standards Write reusable code Use components/frameworks Good communication and collaboration Commitment (On time – On mark) Document your application ( code comments & API docs )

OPENSOURCE WWW.OPENSOURCE.ORG Access to code Freedom to change Freedom to distribute Freedom to use Doesn’t mean free of cost, but may be. Collaborative software engineering Open source enabled business Famous Examples:

REVENUE MODEL ( EARNING MONEY  ) Not traditional BUY & SELL method Describes the way of business Typically an online business Monetizes its services Example: Freemium: "free" and "premium" Subscription Affiliate marketing Ad-funded Online shopping

USER DOCUMENTATION Describes how to use the software As product documentation to User Way of documentation Tutorials Thematic List of reference

COMMERCIAL SUPPORT Maintain support system i.e. ticketing system Maintain user forum Maintain product blog Maintain email newsletter (inform user inside scoop)

Software Engineering in PHP

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