Strings In C and its syntax and uses .ppt

Strings In C and its syntax and uses .ppt

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  Presented By :Manas Chandra Sharma A comprehensive overview of strings and their implementation
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  Introduction to Stringsin C Strings are sequences of characters. In C, strings are represented as arrays of characters, with a null terminator '0' marking the end of the string.
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  String Representation inC A string in C is an array of characters: char str[] = “Hello"; Strings are stored in contiguous memory locations. Example: char str[] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ‘0'};
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  Declaring Strings inC Strings can be declared in two ways: 1. Array of characters: char str[20]; 2.String literal: char str[] = “Hello";
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  Basic String Operations Stringoperations include: •Length of a string •Concatenation •Comparison •Copying •Searching
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  Null Terminator (0) Thenull character '0' is used to mark the end of a string. Essential to ensure that functions working with strings know where the string ends.
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  String Length Function Thestrlen() function is used to find the length of a string. Syntax: size_t strlen(const char *str); Caption
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  String Copy Function Thestrcpy() function copies one string into another. Syntax: char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);
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  String Concatenation The strcat()function is used to concatenate two strings. Syntax: char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src); Caption
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  String Comparison The strcmp()function compares two strings. Syntax: int strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2); Returns 0 if strings are equal, a negative value if the first string is less, and a positive value if the first string is greater.
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  String Search The strchr()function searches for a character in a string. Syntax: char *strchr(const char *str, int ch);
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  String Substring Search Thestrstr() function finds the first occurrence of a substring. Syntax : char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle); Caption
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  String to IntegerConversion The atoi() function converts a string to an integer. Syntax: int atoi(const char *str); Caption
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  Integer to StringConversion The sprintf() function converts an integer to a string. Syntax: int sprintf(char *str, const char *format, …); Caption
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  String Manipulation FunctionsOverview Functions covered: strlen(): Length of string strcpy(): Copy string strcat(): Concatenate strings strcmp(): Compare strings strchr(): Search for a character strstr(): Find substring atoi(): Convert string to integer sprintf(): Convert integer to string
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  Common Pitfalls inString Handling Not properly using the null terminator. Buffer overflows from insufficient space in destination strings. Forgetting to allocate enough space for strings during operations.
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  Dynamic Memory Allocationfor Strings Strings in C can also be dynamically allocated using malloc() or calloc() Example: Caption
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  Best Practices forHandling Strings in C Always ensure strings are null-terminated. Avoid buffer overflows by allocating adequate memory. Use safer alternatives like strncpy() and strncat() when possible.
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  Conclusion Strings are fundamentalin C programming, and understanding string functions is key to efficient programming. Always handle strings carefully to avoid common pitfalls like buffer overflows and improper null-termination.
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  Thank You