Symfony2 and MongoDB - MidwestPHP 2013

Pablo Godel @pgodel - MidwestPHP 2013
March 2nd 2013 - St. Paul, MN
https://joind.in/8211

Sunday, March 3, 13

Who Am I?

⁃ Born in Argentina, living in the US since 1999
⁃ PHP & Symfony developer
⁃ Founder of the original PHP mailing list in spanish
⁃ Master of the parrilla

Sunday, March 3, 13

ServerGrove!

⁃ Founded ServerGrove Networks in 2005

⁃ Provider of web hosting specialized in PHP,
Symfony, ZendFramework, and others

⁃ Mongohosting.com!

⁃ Servers in Miami, FL and Dublin, Ireland

Sunday, March 3, 13

Community is our teacher

⁃ Very active open source supporter through code
contributions and usergroups/conference sponsoring

Sunday, March 3, 13

Agenda

- Introduction to MongoDB
- PHP and MongoDB
- PHP Libraries
- Introduction to Symfony2
- Symfony2 and MongoDB

Sunday, March 3, 13

What is MongoDB?

Who is 10Gen?

Sunday, March 3, 13

Mongo
Mongo as in "humongous". Used to describe
something extremely large or important.

Sunday, March 3, 13

MongoDB is a scalable, high-performance,
open source NoSQL database.

- Document Oriented DB
- Written in C++
- Available for *nux (Linux, Solaris, etc),
Windows and OS X
- Lots of Drivers (PHP, Java, Python, Ruby...)

Sunday, March 3, 13

Features

- Flexible JSON-style documents
- Full Indexing
- Complex Queries / Map Reduce
- Aggregation Framework
- GridFS (store ﬁles natively)
- Multiple Replication Options
- Sharding
- Simple Installation / Zero Conﬁg

Sunday, March 3, 13

Document Oriented

Coming from SQL?

Database => Database
Table => Collection
Row => Document

Sunday, March 3, 13

JSON-style documents
{
name: {
ﬁrst: 'John',
last: 'Doe'
},
title: 'Engineer',
age: 40
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

No Schema or ﬁxed tables

{
name: {
ﬁrst: 'Foo',
last: 'Bar'
},
title: 'Student',
school: 'Harvard'
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

Embedded documents
{
"_id" : ObjectId("4ccba15ef597e9352e060000")
"srcFilename" : "/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/example1.com",
"vhostDirective" :
{ "directives" : [
{
"name" : "CustomLog",
"value" : "logs/example1.com-access_log combined"
},
{
"name" : "DocumentRoot",
"value" : "/var/www/vhosts/example1.com/httpdocs"
},
{
"name" : "ServerName",
"value" : "example1.com"
}
]
}
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

Document Referencing
{
"_id" : ObjectId("4cc4a5c3f597e9db6e010109"),
"billingId" : NumberLong(650),
"created" : ISODate("2010-10-24T21:31:47Z"),
"servers" : [
{
"$ref" : "server",
"$id" : ObjectId("4cc4a5c4f597e9db6e050201")
}
],
"users" : [
{
"$ref" : "user",
"$id" : ObjectId("4cc4a5c4f597e9db6e980201")
},
{
"$ref" : "user",
"$id" : ObjectId("4cc4a5c4f597e9db6e9c0201")
}
]
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

Full Indexing

db.coll.ensureIndex({name.last: 1})

db.coll.ensureIndex({name.ﬁrst: 1, name.last: 1})

db.coll.ensureIndex({age: 0})

Sunday, March 3, 13

Querying

db.coll.find({name: 'John'})

db.coll.find({keywords: 'storage'})

db.coll.find({keywords: {$in: ['storage', 'DBMS']}}

Sunday, March 3, 13

GridFS

- Files are divided in chunks
and stored over multiple documents

- Transparent API
$grid->storeFile("/path/to/somefile.txt",
array("metadata" => array("date" => new MongoDate())));

Sunday, March 3, 13

Replication

Source: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Replication

Sunday, March 3, 13

Shards

Source: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Introduction

Sunday, March 3, 13

Simple Installation/Zero Conﬁg

OS X

wget http://fastdl.mongodb.org/osx/mongodb-osx-x86_64-2.2.3.tgz

tar zxvf mongodb-osx-x86_64-2.2.3.tgz

cd mongodb-osx-x86_64-2.2.3

./mongod

Sunday, March 3, 13

Simple Installation/Zero Conﬁg

CentOS Linux
/etc/yum.repos.d/10gen.repo

[10gen]
name=10gen Repository
baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/x86_64
gpgcheck=0

$ yum install -y mongo-10gen-server
$ service mongod start

Sunday, March 3, 13

Why is MongoDB good
for Rapid Development
of Web Apps?

Sunday, March 3, 13

Rapid Development
Schema-less / Document Oriented

FLEXIBILITY

by exfordy

Sunday, March 3, 13

Rapid Development
Schema-less / Document Oriented

EASIER
MIGRATIONS

by exfordy

Sunday, March 3, 13

Rapid Development

NO JOINS!

Sunday, March 3, 13

Performance

SPEED

by xavi talleda

Sunday, March 3, 13

Performance

SCALABILITY

by Jimee, Jackie, Tom & Asha

Sunday, March 3, 13

A Word of Caution

No Transactions
No Rollbacks
Unsafe defaults
Map Reduce locks

by Ernst Vikne

Sunday, March 3, 13

Great Use Cases

- Content Management
- Product Catalogs
- Realtime Analytics
- Logs Storage

Sunday, March 3, 13

PECL driver

Linux
pecl install mongo
echo “extension=mongo.so >> /path/php.ini”

OS X
http://php-osx.liip.ch/

Windows
https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-php-driver/downloads

Sunday, March 3, 13

Attention

Mongo 1.2.x
$m = new Mongo();

Mongo 1.3.x
$m = new MongoClient();

Sunday, March 3, 13

Usage
<?php
// connect
$m = new MongoClient();
// select a database
$db = $m->comedy;
// select a collection (analogous to a relational database's table)
$collection = $db->cartoons;
// add a record
$obj = array( "title" => "Calvin and Hobbes", "author" => "Bill Watte
rson" );
$collection->insert($obj);
// add another record, with a different "shape"
$obj = array( "title" => "XKCD", "online" => true );
$collection->insert($obj);
// find everything in the collection
$cursor = $collection->find();
// iterate through the results
foreach ($cursor as $obj) {
echo $obj["title"] . "n";
}
?>

Sunday, March 3, 13

Storing Files
<?php

// save a file
$id = $grid->storeFile("game.tgz");
$game = $grid->findOne();

// add a downloads counter
$game->file['downloads'] = 0;
$grid->save($game->file);

// increment the counter
$grid-
>update(array("_id" => $id), array('$inc' => array("downloads
" => 1)));

?>

Sunday, March 3, 13

SQL to Mongo Queries
SQL to Mongo Mapping Chart
This is a PHP-specific version of the » SQL to Mongo mapping chart in the main docs.

SQL Statement
Mongo Query Language Statement
CREATE TABLE USERS (a Number, b Number)
Implicit or use MongoDB::createCollection().
INSERT INTO USERS VALUES(1,1)
$db->users->insert(array("a" => 1, "b" => 1));
SELECT a,b FROM users
$db->users->find(array(), array("a" => 1, "b" => 1));
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age=33
$db->users->find(array("age" => 33));
SELECT a,b FROM users WHERE age=33
$db->users->find(array("age" => 33), array("a" => 1, "b" => 1));
SELECT a,b FROM users WHERE age=33 ORDER BY name
$db->users->find(array("age" => 33), array("a" => 1, "b" => 1))->sort(array("name" => 1));
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age>33
$db->users->find(array("age" => array('$gt' => 33)));
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age<33
$db->users->find(array("age" => array('$lt' => 33)));
SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE "%Joe%"
$db->users->find(array("name" => new MongoRegex("/Joe/")));
SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE "Joe%"
$db->users->find(array("name" => new MongoRegex("/^Joe/")));
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age>33 AND age<=40
$db->users->find(array("age" => array('$gt' => 33, '$lte' => 40)));
SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY name DESC

http://php.net/manual/en/
mongo.sqltomongo.php
Sunday, March 3, 13

Admin Interfaces

- Genghis
http://genghisapp.com/

- RockMongo
http://code.google.com/p/rock-php/wiki/rock_mongo

- php-mongodb-admin
https://github.com/jwage/php-mongodb-admin

Sunday, March 3, 13

PHP Libraries

- Doctrine ODM
Doctrine MongoDB Object Document Mapper is built for PHP
5.3.2+ and provides transparent persistence for PHP objects.

- Mandango
Mandango is a simple, poweful and ultrafast Object Document
Mapper (ODM) for PHP and MongoDB.

- many more...

Sunday, March 3, 13

Doctrine MongoDB ODM

http://doctrine-project.org

Doctrine MongoDB Object Document Mapper is
built for PHP 5.3.2+ and provides transparent
persistence for PHP objects.

Sunday, March 3, 13

/** @Document */
class User
{
/** @Id */
private $id;

/** @String */
private $name;

/** @String */
private $email;

/** @ReferenceMany(targetDocument="BlogPost", cascade="all") */
private $posts;

// ...
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

/** @Document */
class BlogPost
{
/** @Id */
private $id;

/** @String */
private $title;

/** @String */
private $body;

/** @Date */
private $createdAt;

// ...
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

<?php

// create user
$user = new User();
$user->setName('Bulat S.');
$user->setEmail('email@example.com');

// tell Doctrine 2 to save $user on the next flush()
$dm->persist($user);

// create blog post
$post = new BlogPost();
$post->setTitle('My First Blog Post');
$post->setBody('MongoDB + Doctrine 2 ODM = awesomeness!');
$post->setCreatedAt(new DateTime());

$user->addPost($post);

// store everything to MongoDB
$dm->flush();

Sunday, March 3, 13


Array
(
[_id] => 4bec5869fdc212081d000000
[title] => My First Blog Post
[body] => MongoDB + Doctrine 2 ODM = awesomeness!
[createdAt] => MongoDate Object
(
[sec] => 1273723200
[usec] => 0
)
)

Sunday, March 3, 13

Array
(
[_id] => 4bec5869fdc212081d010000
[name] => Bulat S.
[email] => email@example.com
[posts] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[$ref] => blog_posts
[$id] => 4bec5869fdc212081d000000
[$db] => test_database
)
)
)

Sunday, March 3, 13

Retrieving Persisted Objects
$user = $dm->find('User', $userId);

$user = $dm->getRepository('User')->findOneByName('Bulat S.');

$posts = $user->getPosts();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
echo $post;
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

Document Repositories
// src/YourNamespace/YourBundle/ServerRepository.php
namespace YourNamespaceYourBundle;

use DoctrineODMMongoDBDocumentRepository;

class ServerRepository extends DocumentRepository
{
public function getActiveServers()
{
return $this->createQueryBuilder()
->field('isActive')->equals(true)
->sort('name', 'asc')->getQuery()->execute();
}

Usage
$rep = $dm->getRepository(‘@YourBundle/Server’);
$servers = $rep->getActiveServers();

Sunday, March 3, 13

/** @Document */
class Image
{
/** @Id */
private $id;

/** @Field */
private $name;

/** @File */
private $file;

Sunday, March 3, 13

// store file
$image = new Image();
$image->setName('Test image');
$image->setFile('/path/to/image.png');

$dm->persist($image);
$dm->flush();

// retrieve and return file to client
$image = $dm->createQueryBuilder('DocumentsImage')
->field('name')->equals('Test image')
->getQuery()
->getSingleResult();

header('Content-type: image/png;');
echo $image->getFile()->getBytes();

Sunday, March 3, 13

Tips: Doctrine MongoDB ODM

// Eager ID creation

public function __construct()
{
$this->id = (string) new MongoId();
}

Sunday, March 3, 13


// Creation date

{
$this->createdDt = new DateTime();
}

Sunday, March 3, 13


// ArrayCollections

{
$this->createdDt = new DateTime();
$this->entries = new ArrayCollection();
}

Sunday, March 3, 13


// Space Saving

/** @String(name=”n”) */
private $name;

/** @String(name=”e”) */
private $email;

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony is a PHP Web Development Framework.

Sunday, March 3, 13

“First, Symfony2 is a reusable set of standalone, decoupled,
and cohesive PHP components that solve common web
development problems.
Then, based on these components, Symfony2 is also a
full-stack web framework.”

http://fabien.potencier.org/article/49/what-is-symfony2
Sunday, March 3, 13

25 High Quality
Components

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Components

• DependencyInjection • Serializer
• EventDispatcher • Validator
• HttpFoundation • Security
• DomCrawler • Routing
• ClassLoader • Console
• CssSelector • Process
• HttpKernel • Config
• BrowserKit • Finder
• Templating • Locale
• Translation • Yaml
• Serializer • Form
• More...

All of them at GitHub: http://github.com/symfony

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Components

Components Documentation
http://symfony.com/doc/current/components/index.html

Blog post series about creating a framework based on
the Symfony2 Components
http://fabien.potencier.org/

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Highlights

• Rewritten from scratch for PHP 5.3
• Based on the HTTP specification
• Very stable and solid API
• Extensible through the creation of Bundles (replacement for
sf1 plugins)
• Flexible configuration using YAML, XML, annotations or
PHP
• All configuration is compiled to PHP code and cached
• Lots of unit tests
• Source code audited by independent security firm thanks to
donations of the Symfony Community

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Highlights

• Extensible Configuration with Service Container/
Dependency Injection
• Complete redesign of Forms support
• Validations
• Extensible Security with Authentication/Authorization
• Advanced and powerful templating through Twig
• Routes configured with YAML, XML or Annotations
• ESI Caching support out of the box
• Assets management with Assetic
• Translations
• Environments

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Highlights: Community

• 698 developers contributed to Symfony2
• 7000+ pull requests
• 969 1901 bundles at knpbundles.com
• Very active IRC and mailing lists support
channels
• Community Gamification through
SensioLabs Connect
• Symfony2 Ecosystem

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Highlights: Bundles

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Getting Started

http://symfony.com/download

Sunday, March 3, 13


tar zxf Symfony_Standard_Vendors_2.2.0.tgz

or

unzip Symfony_Standard_Vendors_2.2.0.zip

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Getting Started with Composer

$ curl -s https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

$ php composer.phar create-project
symfony/framework-standard-edition path/ 2.2.0

http://getcomposer.org/
Sunday, March 3, 13


Distributions

A Symfony distribution is made up of Symfony2
components, a selection of bundles,
a directory structure, a default configuration.

http://symfony.com/distributions
Sunday, March 3, 13


Symfony Standard Distribution
• Directory structure
• Default conﬁguration
• Bundles
⁃ DoctrineBundle
⁃ JMSSecurityExtraBundle
⁃ SensioDistributionBundle
⁃ SensioFrameworkExtraBundle
⁃ SensioGeneratorBundle
⁃ AsseticBundle

http://symfony.com/distributions
Sunday, March 3, 13


Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Directory Structure

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Conﬁguration: app/conﬁg.yml

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2
Conﬁguration: app/parameters.ini

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2
Conﬁguration: app/conﬁg_dev.yml

Sunday, March 3, 13

Browser

Request

Bootstrap (app.php)

Controller

Template Response
Want to know more? Go to Raul Fraile’s
Symfony2 Internals Talk
Sunday, March 3, 13

Bootstrap (app.php)

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Bootstrap File - web/app.php

Sunday, March 3, 13

Controllers

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Controllers

Sunday, March 3, 13

Templates

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Templating / Twig
Comments: {# comments are not rendered #}

{# multi-line comments!
{{ var }}
#}

Output variables: {{ var }}
{{ var | upper }}
{{ var | raw }}
{{ object.property }}
{{ true ? ‘yes’ : ‘no’ }}
http://twig.sensiolabs.org/
Sunday, March 3, 13


Blocks: {% set var = ‘hello’ %}
{% set foo = var ~ ’ and goodbye’ %}

{% if foo is ‘bar’ %}
...
{% else %}
...
{% endif %}

Sunday, March 3, 13


Blocks: {% for key, val in list %}

{{ loop.index }}. {{ val }}

{% else %}

No keys.

{% endfor %}

Sunday, March 3, 13

Extends:
{% extends "Bundle::layout.html.twig" %}

Include:
{% include “Bundle:Demo:template.html.twig” %}

Render:
{% render “Bundle:Demo:action” %}

Sunday, March 3, 13

Awesome Twig Presentations

Twig, The Flexible, Fast and Secure Template Language
for PHP - Fabien Potencier
http://www.slideshare.net/fabpot/twig-the-ﬂexible-fast-and-securetemplate-
language-for-php

Being Dangerous with Twig - Ryan Weaver
http://slideshare.net/weaverryan/being-dangerous-with-twig-symfony-
live-paris

Twig avanzado - Javier Eguiluz
http://www.slideshare.net/javier.eguiluz/twig-avanzado-sf2vigo (Spanish)

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 layout.html.twig

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 index.html.twig

Sunday, March 3, 13

Bundles

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Bundles

Everything in Symfony2 is
contained in Bundles

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Bundles

Even Symfony2 is
a collection of Bundles

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Bundles Registration
app/AppKernel.php

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Bundles for MongoDB

- DoctrineMongoDBBundle

- MandangoBundle

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2
Installing DoctrineMongoDBBundle

Installation with Composer
composer.json
{
require": {
"doctrine/mongodb-odm-bundle": "3.0.*"
},
"minimum-stability": "dev"
}

$ php composer.phar update

$ php composer.phar install doctrine/mongodb-odm-bundle

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2
Installing DoctrineMongoDBBundle

Installation with Composer

$ php composer.phar require
doctrine/mongodb-odm-bundle:3.0.*

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2
Conﬁguring DoctrineMongoDBBundle

app/autoload.php

// app/autoload.php
use DoctrineODMMongoDBMappingDriverAnnotationDriver;
AnnotationDriver::registerAnnotationClasses();

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2
Configuring DoctrineMongoDBBundle

app/config/config.yml
doctrine_mongodb:
connections:
default:
server: mongodb://localhost:27017
options:
connect: true
default_database: test_database
document_managers:
default:
auto_mapping: true

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2
Multiple Connections & Bundle Mappings
doctrine_mongodb:
connections:
default:
server: mongodb://localhost:27017
options:
connect: true

usage:
server: mongodb://user:pass@db1.mongohosting.com:27017
options:
replicaSet: true
connect: true
default_database: test_database
document_managers:
default:
mappings:
SGCBundle: ~
SGCRepositoryAppBundle: yml
MyBundle: { type: xml, dir: Resources/config/doctrine/
mapping }

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Deﬁning Documents

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Deﬁning Documents

// src/Acme/StoreBundle/Document/Product.php
namespace AcmeStoreBundleDocument;

use DoctrineODMMongoDBMappingAnnotations as MongoDB;

/**
* @MongoDBDocument(collection="product")
*/
class Product
{
/**
* @MongoDBId
*/
protected $id;

/**
* @MongoDBString @MongoDBIndex(unique=true, order="asc")
*/
protected $name;

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Using Documents

// src/Acme/StoreBundle/Controller/DefaultController.php
use AcmeStoreBundleDocumentProduct;
use SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationResponse;
// ...

public function createAction()
{
$product = new Product();
$product->setName('A Foo Bar');
$product->setPrice('19.99');

$dm = $this->get('doctrine_mongodb')->getManager();
$dm->persist($product);
$dm->flush();

return new Response('Created product id '.$product->getId());
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Forms
Since Documents are Plain PHP Objects integrating it with Symfony Forms is straightforward.

public function createAction()
{
$dm = $this->get('doctrine_mongodb')->getManager();

$form = $this->createForm(new RegistrationType(), new
Registration());

$form->bindRequest($this->getRequest());

if ($form->isValid()) {
$registration = $form->getData();

$dm->persist($registration->getUser());
$dm->flush();

return $this->redirect(...);
}

http://symfony.com/doc/master/bundles/DoctrineMongoDBBundle/form.html

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 ODM Commands

Symfony2 Commands
doctrine
doctrine:mongodb:cache:clear-metadata Clear all metadata cache for a document manager.
doctrine:mongodb:fixtures:load Load data fixtures to your database.
doctrine:mongodb:generate:documents Generate document classes and method stubs from
your mapping information.
doctrine:mongodb:generate:hydrators Generates hydrator classes for document classes.
doctrine:mongodb:generate:proxies Generates proxy classes for document classes.
doctrine:mongodb:generate:repositories Generate repository classes from your mapping
information.
doctrine:mongodb:mapping:info Show basic information about all mapped
documents.
doctrine:mongodb:query Query mongodb and inspect the outputted results
from your document classes.
doctrine:mongodb:schema:create Allows you to create databases, collections and
indexes for your documents
doctrine:mongodb:schema:drop Allows you to drop databases, collections and
indexes for your documents

Sunday, March 3, 13

TIP: Storing Symfony Sessions in MongoDB

app/conﬁg/conﬁg.yml

Sunday, March 3, 13

TIP: Mixing Doctrine ODM & ORM

Order Product
Entity (ORM) Document (ODM)

http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-
mongodb-odm/en/latest/cookbook/blending-orm-and-
mongodb-odm.html

Sunday, March 3, 13

TIP: Persisting objects with ODM or ORM
<?php

namespace DoctrineBlog;

/** @Entity(repositoryClass="DoctrineBlogORMBlogPostRepository")
*/
class BlogPost
{
/** @Id @Column(type="integer") */
private $id;

/** @Column(type="string") */
private $title;

/** @Column(type="text") */
private $body;

// ...
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

TIP: Persisting objects with ODM or ORM
<?php

namespace Documents;

/** @Document(repositoryClass="DoctrineBlogODMMongoDB
BlogPostRepository") */
class BlogPost
{
/** @Id */
private $id;

/** @Field(type="string") */
private $title;

/** @Field(type="string") */
private $body;

// ...
}

Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony 2 Bundles using MongoDB

- SonataDoctrineMongoDBAdminBundle
- IsmaAmbrosiGeneratorBundle
- TranslationEditorBundle
- ServerGroveLiveChat

Sunday, March 3, 13

Additional Resources

- http://php.net/mongo
- http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/
- http://symfony.com/doc/current/index.html
- http://www.doctrine-project.org/docs/mongodb-odm

Sunday, March 3, 13

Questions?

Sunday, March 3, 13

Thank you!

Rate Me Please! https://joind.in/8211
Slides: http://slideshare.net/pgodel
Twitter: @pgodel
E-mail: pablo@servergrove.com
Sunday, March 3, 13

Symfony2 and MongoDB - MidwestPHP 2013

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