Download as PDF, PPTX
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
C# : An Imperative C-like language?
1. var list = new List<int>(){ 40, 5, 9, 39, 19 };
2.
3. for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++) {
4. Console.WriteLine(list[i]);
5. }
6.
7. foreach (var item in list) {
8. Console.WriteLine(item);
9. }
@pati_gallardo 17
No Surprises](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-17-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
32
1. namespace PackageName {
2. public class ClassName {
3. // Class definition
4. }
5. }
[C++] Namespaces
Recognition
Language
C#More like C++
modules really?
Drift in Meaning](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-32-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C & C++] C# has defines!
1. #define HERE_I_AM
2. using NUnit.Framework;
3.
4. public class Preprocessor {
5. [Test]
6. public void TestPreprocessor() {
7. #if HERE_I_AM
8. Assert.Pass();
9. #else
10. Assert.Fail();
11. #endif
12. }
13. }
@pati_gallardo 33
N really though.
No preprocessor
Drift in Meaning](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-33-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++] Operator Overloading Use
1. Box first = new Box(new Point(1, 1), 3, 2);
2. Box second = new Box(new Point(3, 4), 3, 3);
3. Box boundingBox = first + second;
@pati_gallardo 35
Some constructs are quite elegant
with operator overloading](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-35-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++] Operator Overloading Definition
1. public static Box operator +(Box left, Box right) {
2. Point top =
3. new Point(Math.Min(left.top().x, right.top().x),
4. Math.Min(left.top().y, right.top().y));
5. Point bottom =
6. new Point(Math.Max(left.bottom().x, right.bottom().x),
7. Math.Max(left.bottom().y, right.bottom().y));
8. int width = bottom.x - top.x;
9. int height = bottom.y - top.y;
10. return new Box(top, width, height);
11. }
@pati_gallardo 37](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-37-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++] Optional Arguments
1. public class OptionalArguments {
2. private static int increase(int x, int y = 2) {
3. return x + y;
4. }
5.
6. [Test]
7. public void TestOptionalArguments() {
8. Assert.AreEqual(5, increase(3));
9. }
10. }
@pati_gallardo 38](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-38-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Objective-C] Named Parameters
1. public class NamedParameters {
2. private static int named(int x, int y) {
3. return x + y;
4. }
5.
6. [Test]
7. public void TestNamedParameters() {
8. Assert.AreEqual(5, named(y: 3, x: 2));
9. }
10. }
@pati_gallardo 39](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-39-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++] Struct - value type
1. struct Point {
2. public int x;
3. public int y;
4. }
@pati_gallardo 40
Similar in meaning to C++Drift in Form
In C++ structs are classes with default
public access - in C# structs are
classes that don’t allow inheritance
In C++ all types
are value types
Cognates](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-40-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Qt?] Properties
1. public class Properties {
2. public string ReadWriteProperty { get; set; } = "Hello";
3. public string ReadOnlyProperty { get; }
4. // Auto-implemented properties must have get accessors.
5. // public string WriteOnlyProperty { set; }
6. public string PrivateReadWriteProperty { private get; set; }
7. public string ReadPrivateWriteProperty { get; private set; }
8.
9. private string PrivateReadWriteField;
10. public string WrapField {
11. set => PrivateReadWriteField = value;
12. get => PrivateReadWriteField;
13. }
14. }
@pati_gallardo 42
Magic “value”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-42-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C & C++] (Inline) Out Parameters
1. private static int outParam(int x, int y, out int mod) {
2. mod = x % y;
3. return x / y;
4. }
5.
6. [Test]
7. public void TestOutParameters() {
8. int quotient = outParam(25, 5, out var remainder);
9. Assert.AreEqual(0, remainder);
10. Assert.AreEqual(5, quotient);
11. }
@pati_gallardo 43
Passing int
by ref](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-43-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[] Null-conditional operators ?. and ?[]
1. int GetCoffee(List<Shop> coffeeShops, int index) {
2. // If there are any coffeeShops and
3. // if there is a shop at that index,
4. // please get me that coffee,
5. // if not, just get me 0
6. return coffeeShops?[index]?.Coffee ?? 0;
7. }
@pati_gallardo 44](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-44-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++ & Java] Destructor / Finalize
1. public class DestroyMe {
2. ~DestroyMe() {
3. // Might be called by the
4. // Garbage Collector
5. }
6. }
@pati_gallardo 47
More like Java
finalize
Drift in Meaning](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-47-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Java & C++] IDisposable
1. public class DisposeMe : IDisposable {
2. private FileStream fileStream;
3.
4. public void Dispose() {
5. fileStream?.Dispose();
6. }
7. }
@pati_gallardo 50
Similar to Javas
Closeable
Drift in Form
Same semantics
Different syntax](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-50-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Python] yield return (Generators)
1. public IEnumerable<int> YieldReturn() {
2. yield return 3;
3. yield return 4;
4. yield return 5;
5. }
6. [Test]
7. public void TestingYieldReturn() {
8. using var it = YieldReturn().GetEnumerator();
9. it.MoveNext();
10. Assert.AreEqual(3, it.Current);
11. it.MoveNext();
12. Assert.AreEqual(4, it.Current);
13. it.MoveNext();
14. Assert.AreEqual(5, it.Current);
15. }
@pati_gallardo 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-51-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Python, Java, C++] IEnumerable (Lazy Iterators)
1. // C# In Depth, Jon Skeet
2. // Lazy Evaluation
3. static IEnumerable<int> Fibonacci() {
4. int current = 0;
5. int next = 1;
6. while (true) {
7. yield return current;
8. int oldCurrent = current;
9. current = next;
10. next = next + oldCurrent;
11. }
12. }
@pati_gallardo 52](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-52-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[?] Extension Methods (Extend 3-party Classes)
1. public class Target {}
2. public static class Extension {
3. public static void PrintHello(this Target t) {
4. Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
5. }
6. }
7. public class Test {
8. [Test]
9. public void TestExtension() {
10. Target target = new Target();
11. target.PrintHello();
12. }
13. }
@pati_gallardo 53](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-53-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C & C++] Delegates ( Fancy Function Pointers)
1. public class DelegateTest {
2. public delegate void printMe();
3. [Test]
4. public void TestExtension() {
5. printMe printHello =
6. delegate {
7. Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
8. };
9. printHello();
10. }
11. }
@pati_gallardo 56
Function Pointer
Type
Function
DefinitionUsing Function
Pointer](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-56-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C & C++] Delegates ( Fancy Function Pointers)
1. printMe first = delegate { Console.WriteLine("Hello"); };
2. printMe second = delegate { Console.WriteLine("World"); };
3.
4. var helloWorld = first + second;
5. helloWorld();
57
Composable
Function Pointers!
Operator + defined on
“function pointers”
@pati_gallardo](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-57-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++ Qt] Events (Event Handlers)
1. EventHandler handler =
2. delegate {
3. Console.WriteLine("Hello Event!");
4. };
5. handler?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
@pati_gallardo 58](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-58-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
Non Zero Based Array
1. Array array = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(int),
2. new[] {2},
3. new[] {42});
4. array.SetValue(5, 42);
5. array.SetValue(6, 43);
6. Assert.AreEqual(2, array.GetLength(0));
7. Assert.AreEqual(42, array.GetLowerBound(0));
8. Assert.AreEqual(43, array.GetUpperBound(0));
9. Assert.AreEqual(5, array.GetValue(42));
10. Assert.AreEqual(6, array.GetValue(43));
@pati_gallardo 60
I mean…. Wat?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-60-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[JavaScript] Anonymous Types
1. var gilmoreGirls =
2. new[] {
3. new { Name = "Loralai", Age = "36" },
4. new { Name = "Rory", Age = "20" }
5. };
@pati_gallardo 63
If you squint it looks
a bit like JS objects](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-63-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[JavaScript] ExpandoObject
1. public delegate void printMe();
2.
3. [Test]
4. public void Test() {
5. dynamic expando = new ExpandoObject();
6. // Add a field
7. expando.GilmoreGirl = "Rory";
8. Assert.AreEqual("Rory", expando.GilmoreGirl);
9. // Add a function
10. printMe order = delegate { Console.WriteLine("Coffee!"); };
11. expando.getCoffee = order;
12. expando.getCoffee();
13. }
14.
@pati_gallardo 64
Full on JS!](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/85/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-64-320.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
C# : An Imperative C-like language?
1. var list = new List<int>(){ 40, 5, 9, 39, 19 };
2.
3. for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++) {
4. Console.WriteLine(list[i]);
5. }
6.
7. foreach (var item in list) {
8. Console.WriteLine(item);
9. }
@pati_gallardo 17
No Surprises](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-17-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
32
1. namespace PackageName {
2. public class ClassName {
3. // Class definition
4. }
5. }
[C++] Namespaces
Recognition
Language
C#More like C++
modules really?
Drift in Meaning](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-32-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C & C++] C# has defines!
1. #define HERE_I_AM
2. using NUnit.Framework;
3.
4. public class Preprocessor {
5. [Test]
6. public void TestPreprocessor() {
7. #if HERE_I_AM
8. Assert.Pass();
9. #else
10. Assert.Fail();
11. #endif
12. }
13. }
@pati_gallardo 33
N really though.
No preprocessor
Drift in Meaning](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-33-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++] Operator Overloading Use
1. Box first = new Box(new Point(1, 1), 3, 2);
2. Box second = new Box(new Point(3, 4), 3, 3);
3. Box boundingBox = first + second;
@pati_gallardo 35
Some constructs are quite elegant
with operator overloading](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-35-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++] Operator Overloading Definition
1. public static Box operator +(Box left, Box right) {
2. Point top =
3. new Point(Math.Min(left.top().x, right.top().x),
4. Math.Min(left.top().y, right.top().y));
5. Point bottom =
6. new Point(Math.Max(left.bottom().x, right.bottom().x),
7. Math.Max(left.bottom().y, right.bottom().y));
8. int width = bottom.x - top.x;
9. int height = bottom.y - top.y;
10. return new Box(top, width, height);
11. }
@pati_gallardo 37](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-37-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++] Optional Arguments
1. public class OptionalArguments {
2. private static int increase(int x, int y = 2) {
3. return x + y;
4. }
5.
6. [Test]
7. public void TestOptionalArguments() {
8. Assert.AreEqual(5, increase(3));
9. }
10. }
@pati_gallardo 38](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-38-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Objective-C] Named Parameters
1. public class NamedParameters {
2. private static int named(int x, int y) {
3. return x + y;
4. }
5.
6. [Test]
7. public void TestNamedParameters() {
8. Assert.AreEqual(5, named(y: 3, x: 2));
9. }
10. }
@pati_gallardo 39](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-39-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++] Struct - value type
1. struct Point {
2. public int x;
3. public int y;
4. }
@pati_gallardo 40
Similar in meaning to C++Drift in Form
In C++ structs are classes with default
public access - in C# structs are
classes that don’t allow inheritance
In C++ all types
are value types
Cognates](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-40-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Qt?] Properties
1. public class Properties {
2. public string ReadWriteProperty { get; set; } = "Hello";
3. public string ReadOnlyProperty { get; }
4. // Auto-implemented properties must have get accessors.
5. // public string WriteOnlyProperty { set; }
6. public string PrivateReadWriteProperty { private get; set; }
7. public string ReadPrivateWriteProperty { get; private set; }
8.
9. private string PrivateReadWriteField;
10. public string WrapField {
11. set => PrivateReadWriteField = value;
12. get => PrivateReadWriteField;
13. }
14. }
@pati_gallardo 42
Magic “value”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-42-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C & C++] (Inline) Out Parameters
1. private static int outParam(int x, int y, out int mod) {
2. mod = x % y;
3. return x / y;
4. }
5.
6. [Test]
7. public void TestOutParameters() {
8. int quotient = outParam(25, 5, out var remainder);
9. Assert.AreEqual(0, remainder);
10. Assert.AreEqual(5, quotient);
11. }
@pati_gallardo 43
Passing int
by ref](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-43-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[] Null-conditional operators ?. and ?[]
1. int GetCoffee(List<Shop> coffeeShops, int index) {
2. // If there are any coffeeShops and
3. // if there is a shop at that index,
4. // please get me that coffee,
5. // if not, just get me 0
6. return coffeeShops?[index]?.Coffee ?? 0;
7. }
@pati_gallardo 44](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-44-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++ & Java] Destructor / Finalize
1. public class DestroyMe {
2. ~DestroyMe() {
3. // Might be called by the
4. // Garbage Collector
5. }
6. }
@pati_gallardo 47
More like Java
finalize
Drift in Meaning](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-47-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Java & C++] IDisposable
1. public class DisposeMe : IDisposable {
2. private FileStream fileStream;
3.
4. public void Dispose() {
5. fileStream?.Dispose();
6. }
7. }
@pati_gallardo 50
Similar to Javas
Closeable
Drift in Form
Same semantics
Different syntax](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-50-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Python] yield return (Generators)
1. public IEnumerable<int> YieldReturn() {
2. yield return 3;
3. yield return 4;
4. yield return 5;
5. }
6. [Test]
7. public void TestingYieldReturn() {
8. using var it = YieldReturn().GetEnumerator();
9. it.MoveNext();
10. Assert.AreEqual(3, it.Current);
11. it.MoveNext();
12. Assert.AreEqual(4, it.Current);
13. it.MoveNext();
14. Assert.AreEqual(5, it.Current);
15. }
@pati_gallardo 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-51-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[Python, Java, C++] IEnumerable (Lazy Iterators)
1. // C# In Depth, Jon Skeet
2. // Lazy Evaluation
3. static IEnumerable<int> Fibonacci() {
4. int current = 0;
5. int next = 1;
6. while (true) {
7. yield return current;
8. int oldCurrent = current;
9. current = next;
10. next = next + oldCurrent;
11. }
12. }
@pati_gallardo 52](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-52-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[?] Extension Methods (Extend 3-party Classes)
1. public class Target {}
2. public static class Extension {
3. public static void PrintHello(this Target t) {
4. Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
5. }
6. }
7. public class Test {
8. [Test]
9. public void TestExtension() {
10. Target target = new Target();
11. target.PrintHello();
12. }
13. }
@pati_gallardo 53](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-53-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C & C++] Delegates ( Fancy Function Pointers)
1. public class DelegateTest {
2. public delegate void printMe();
3. [Test]
4. public void TestExtension() {
5. printMe printHello =
6. delegate {
7. Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
8. };
9. printHello();
10. }
11. }
@pati_gallardo 56
Function Pointer
Type
Function
DefinitionUsing Function
Pointer](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-56-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C & C++] Delegates ( Fancy Function Pointers)
1. printMe first = delegate { Console.WriteLine("Hello"); };
2. printMe second = delegate { Console.WriteLine("World"); };
3.
4. var helloWorld = first + second;
5. helloWorld();
57
Composable
Function Pointers!
Operator + defined on
“function pointers”
@pati_gallardo](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-57-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[C++ Qt] Events (Event Handlers)
1. EventHandler handler =
2. delegate {
3. Console.WriteLine("Hello Event!");
4. };
5. handler?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
@pati_gallardo 58](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-58-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
Non Zero Based Array
1. Array array = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(int),
2. new[] {2},
3. new[] {42});
4. array.SetValue(5, 42);
5. array.SetValue(6, 43);
6. Assert.AreEqual(2, array.GetLength(0));
7. Assert.AreEqual(42, array.GetLowerBound(0));
8. Assert.AreEqual(43, array.GetUpperBound(0));
9. Assert.AreEqual(5, array.GetValue(42));
10. Assert.AreEqual(6, array.GetValue(43));
@pati_gallardo 60
I mean…. Wat?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-60-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[JavaScript] Anonymous Types
1. var gilmoreGirls =
2. new[] {
3. new { Name = "Loralai", Age = "36" },
4. new { Name = "Rory", Age = "20" }
5. };
@pati_gallardo 63
If you squint it looks
a bit like JS objects](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-63-2048.jpg)
![@pati_gallardo
TurtleSec
[JavaScript] ExpandoObject
1. public delegate void printMe();
2.
3. [Test]
4. public void Test() {
5. dynamic expando = new ExpandoObject();
6. // Add a field
7. expando.GilmoreGirl = "Rory";
8. Assert.AreEqual("Rory", expando.GilmoreGirl);
9. // Add a function
10. printMe order = delegate { Console.WriteLine("Coffee!"); };
11. expando.getCoffee = order;
12. expando.getCoffee();
13. }
14.
@pati_gallardo 64
Full on JS!](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/learninganewprogramminglanguage-201012175112/75/Thoughts-On-Learning-A-New-Programming-Language-64-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byPatricia Aas
Thoughts On Learning A New Programming Language
The document discusses strategies for learning programming languages, particularly C#, emphasizing the importance of understanding basic syntax, identifying cognates and false cognates between languages, and recognizing the evolution of programming concepts. It provides examples of code snippets and highlights differences in terminology and functionality across languages like C++, Java, and Python. The content also reflects on teaching methods and encourages leveraging known terms to facilitate learning for students.
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Thoughts On Learning A New Programming Language
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- 2. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec To learn thebasics - write an application you know To learn the middle and remove the accent, maintain it with the feedback of a native speaker 2
- 3. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 3 How do youlearn a new programming language?
- 4. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 4 I tried tolearn C# You might too today
- 5. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 5 Where to start? Writesome code Get environmentTake notes Videos / BooksFreak out Procrastinate Ask on TwitterMake flow diagram
- 6. @pati_gallardo Turtle Sec Thoughts On Learning ANew Programming Language Trying to learn C# Patricia Aas OOP 2020
- 7. @pati_gallardo Turtle Sec Patricia Aas - Trainer& Consultant C++ Programmer, Application Security Currently : TurtleSec Previously : Vivaldi, Cisco Systems, Knowit, Opera Software Master in Computer Science - main language Java Pronouns: she/her
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- 10. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 1. #define DEBUG1 2. 3. namespace Communication { 4. class Telephone { 5. bool log = false; 6. 7. Telephone() { 8. #if DEBUG 9. log = true; 10. #endif 11. } 12. 13. ~Telephone() { 14. log = false; 15. } 16. }; 17. } @pati_gallardo 10 1. #define DEBUG 2. 3. namespace Communication { 4. class Telephone { 5. bool log = false; 6. 7. Telephone() { 8. #if DEBUG 9. log = true; 10. #endif 11. } 12. 13. ~Telephone() { 14. log = false; 15. } 16. } 17. } Which Programming Language is this? What about this?
- 11. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 1. #define DEBUG1 2. 3. namespace Communication { 4. class Telephone { 5. bool log = false; 6. 7. Telephone() { 8. #if DEBUG 9. log = true; 10. #endif 11. } 12. 13. ~Telephone() { 14. log = false; 15. } 16. }; 17. } @pati_gallardo 11 1. #define DEBUG 2. 3. namespace Communication { 4. class Telephone { 5. bool log = false; 6. 7. Telephone() { 8. #if DEBUG 9. log = true; 10. #endif 11. } 12. 13. ~Telephone() { 14. log = false; 15. } 16. } 17. } telephone.cpp Telephone.cs C++ C#
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- 15. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 15 Much Mucho? English SpanishSame Formand Meaning False Cognates Not Same Origin!
- 16. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 16@pati_gallardo Cognates or False Cognates? Doesit matter? Your mental shortcuts are working!
- 17. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec C# : AnImperative C-like language? 1. var list = new List<int>(){ 40, 5, 9, 39, 19 }; 2. 3. for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++) { 4. Console.WriteLine(list[i]); 5. } 6. 7. foreach (var item in list) { 8. Console.WriteLine(item); 9. } @pati_gallardo 17 No Surprises
- 18. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec C# : AFunctional Lisp-like language? 1. var list = new List<int>(){ 40, 5, 9, 39, 19 }; 2. 3. list 4. .Where(s => s < 10) 5. .ToList() 6. .ForEach(s => Console.WriteLine(s)); @pati_gallardo 18 No Surprises?
- 19. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 19 Pigg Pig? Norwegian English False Friends “Ihad bad pigs in my tires” Same Form Stud / Nail Not Same Meaning!
- 20. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 20@pati_gallardo False Friends Bad Assumptions Yourmental shortcuts are hurting you Drift in Meaning Special case of False Friends
- 21. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 21 Frokost Frokost? Norwegian Danish LunchDrift inMeaning Same Origin and Form Breakfast Not Same Meaning!
- 22. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 22 std::list List? C++ C# ArrayList/ Vector Not SameMeaning! Same Origin and Form Linked List Drift in Meaning
- 23. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 23 FormMeaning Origin Cognates False Friends False Cognates Driftin MeaningDrift in Form I’ll figure it out Trip me up
- 24. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec @pati_gallardo How you learn dependson what you know?
- 25. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 25@pati_gallardo First language Scheme(Lisp) I know Java - university I know C++ and C I have coded in probably 10-15 other languages. Examples: Perl, Python, JavaScript Programming for almost 20 years So what do I know?
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- 27. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 27 What to skip? Languagesinherit from each other What is normal? What is different? Danger: False Friends Danger: Unknown Unknowns
- 28. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 28 Plan Skip over Cognates Forloop, break, continue, if, else… If it’s “normal”, skip it
- 29. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec @pati_gallardo How do youknow that you’re not missing things? Skim?
- 30. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 30 Learn the basics Findsurprises Too much repetition Cognates
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- 32. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 32 1. namespace PackageName{ 2. public class ClassName { 3. // Class definition 4. } 5. } [C++] Namespaces Recognition Language C#More like C++ modules really? Drift in Meaning
- 33. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C & C++]C# has defines! 1. #define HERE_I_AM 2. using NUnit.Framework; 3. 4. public class Preprocessor { 5. [Test] 6. public void TestPreprocessor() { 7. #if HERE_I_AM 8. Assert.Pass(); 9. #else 10. Assert.Fail(); 11. #endif 12. } 13. } @pati_gallardo 33 N really though. No preprocessor Drift in Meaning
- 34. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 34@pati_gallardo Operator Overloading Optional Arguments NamedParameters Struct Value Type Cognates
- 35. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C++] Operator OverloadingUse 1. Box first = new Box(new Point(1, 1), 3, 2); 2. Box second = new Box(new Point(3, 4), 3, 3); 3. Box boundingBox = first + second; @pati_gallardo 35 Some constructs are quite elegant with operator overloading
- 36. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 36 Bounding box x =1 y = 1 width = 5 height = 6 (1,1) (3,4) Box boundingBox = first + second; first second
- 37. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C++] Operator OverloadingDefinition 1. public static Box operator +(Box left, Box right) { 2. Point top = 3. new Point(Math.Min(left.top().x, right.top().x), 4. Math.Min(left.top().y, right.top().y)); 5. Point bottom = 6. new Point(Math.Max(left.bottom().x, right.bottom().x), 7. Math.Max(left.bottom().y, right.bottom().y)); 8. int width = bottom.x - top.x; 9. int height = bottom.y - top.y; 10. return new Box(top, width, height); 11. } @pati_gallardo 37
- 38. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C++] Optional Arguments 1.public class OptionalArguments { 2. private static int increase(int x, int y = 2) { 3. return x + y; 4. } 5. 6. [Test] 7. public void TestOptionalArguments() { 8. Assert.AreEqual(5, increase(3)); 9. } 10. } @pati_gallardo 38
- 39. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [Objective-C] Named Parameters 1.public class NamedParameters { 2. private static int named(int x, int y) { 3. return x + y; 4. } 5. 6. [Test] 7. public void TestNamedParameters() { 8. Assert.AreEqual(5, named(y: 3, x: 2)); 9. } 10. } @pati_gallardo 39
- 40. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C++] Struct -value type 1. struct Point { 2. public int x; 3. public int y; 4. } @pati_gallardo 40 Similar in meaning to C++Drift in Form In C++ structs are classes with default public access - in C# structs are classes that don’t allow inheritance In C++ all types are value types Cognates
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- 42. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [Qt?] Properties 1. publicclass Properties { 2. public string ReadWriteProperty { get; set; } = "Hello"; 3. public string ReadOnlyProperty { get; } 4. // Auto-implemented properties must have get accessors. 5. // public string WriteOnlyProperty { set; } 6. public string PrivateReadWriteProperty { private get; set; } 7. public string ReadPrivateWriteProperty { get; private set; } 8. 9. private string PrivateReadWriteField; 10. public string WrapField { 11. set => PrivateReadWriteField = value; 12. get => PrivateReadWriteField; 13. } 14. } @pati_gallardo 42 Magic “value”
- 43. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C & C++](Inline) Out Parameters 1. private static int outParam(int x, int y, out int mod) { 2. mod = x % y; 3. return x / y; 4. } 5. 6. [Test] 7. public void TestOutParameters() { 8. int quotient = outParam(25, 5, out var remainder); 9. Assert.AreEqual(0, remainder); 10. Assert.AreEqual(5, quotient); 11. } @pati_gallardo 43 Passing int by ref
- 44. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [] Null-conditional operators?. and ?[] 1. int GetCoffee(List<Shop> coffeeShops, int index) { 2. // If there are any coffeeShops and 3. // if there is a shop at that index, 4. // please get me that coffee, 5. // if not, just get me 0 6. return coffeeShops?[index]?.Coffee ?? 0; 7. } @pati_gallardo 44
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- 46. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 46 Point out falsefriends C# finalizers (also called destructors!) look like C++ destructors but act like Java’s finalize()
- 47. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C++ & Java]Destructor / Finalize 1. public class DestroyMe { 2. ~DestroyMe() { 3. // Might be called by the 4. // Garbage Collector 5. } 6. } @pati_gallardo 47 More like Java finalize Drift in Meaning
- 48. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec @pati_gallardo What arethe semantics?
- 49. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 49 Learn the middle What’sthe middle? Beyond basic syntax?
- 50. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [Java & C++]IDisposable 1. public class DisposeMe : IDisposable { 2. private FileStream fileStream; 3. 4. public void Dispose() { 5. fileStream?.Dispose(); 6. } 7. } @pati_gallardo 50 Similar to Javas Closeable Drift in Form Same semantics Different syntax
- 51. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [Python] yield return(Generators) 1. public IEnumerable<int> YieldReturn() { 2. yield return 3; 3. yield return 4; 4. yield return 5; 5. } 6. [Test] 7. public void TestingYieldReturn() { 8. using var it = YieldReturn().GetEnumerator(); 9. it.MoveNext(); 10. Assert.AreEqual(3, it.Current); 11. it.MoveNext(); 12. Assert.AreEqual(4, it.Current); 13. it.MoveNext(); 14. Assert.AreEqual(5, it.Current); 15. } @pati_gallardo 51
- 52. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [Python, Java, C++]IEnumerable (Lazy Iterators) 1. // C# In Depth, Jon Skeet 2. // Lazy Evaluation 3. static IEnumerable<int> Fibonacci() { 4. int current = 0; 5. int next = 1; 6. while (true) { 7. yield return current; 8. int oldCurrent = current; 9. current = next; 10. next = next + oldCurrent; 11. } 12. } @pati_gallardo 52
- 53. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [?] Extension Methods(Extend 3-party Classes) 1. public class Target {} 2. public static class Extension { 3. public static void PrintHello(this Target t) { 4. Console.WriteLine("Hello World"); 5. } 6. } 7. public class Test { 8. [Test] 9. public void TestExtension() { 10. Target target = new Target(); 11. target.PrintHello(); 12. } 13. } @pati_gallardo 53
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- 55. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 55 Use Terms PeopleRecognize Explain how this is different But give folks a frame of reference Delegate -> Fancy Function Pointer
- 56. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C & C++]Delegates ( Fancy Function Pointers) 1. public class DelegateTest { 2. public delegate void printMe(); 3. [Test] 4. public void TestExtension() { 5. printMe printHello = 6. delegate { 7. Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); 8. }; 9. printHello(); 10. } 11. } @pati_gallardo 56 Function Pointer Type Function DefinitionUsing Function Pointer
- 57. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C & C++]Delegates ( Fancy Function Pointers) 1. printMe first = delegate { Console.WriteLine("Hello"); }; 2. printMe second = delegate { Console.WriteLine("World"); }; 3. 4. var helloWorld = first + second; 5. helloWorld(); 57 Composable Function Pointers! Operator + defined on “function pointers” @pati_gallardo
- 58. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [C++ Qt] Events(Event Handlers) 1. EventHandler handler = 2. delegate { 3. Console.WriteLine("Hello Event!"); 4. }; 5. handler?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty); @pati_gallardo 58
- 59. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 59@pati_gallardo Non Zero BasedArray Nullable Types Decimal What about surprises? 128 bit floating point type with 28-29 significant digit precision What else have I missed?
- 60. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec Non Zero BasedArray 1. Array array = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(int), 2. new[] {2}, 3. new[] {42}); 4. array.SetValue(5, 42); 5. array.SetValue(6, 43); 6. Assert.AreEqual(2, array.GetLength(0)); 7. Assert.AreEqual(42, array.GetLowerBound(0)); 8. Assert.AreEqual(43, array.GetUpperBound(0)); 9. Assert.AreEqual(5, array.GetValue(42)); 10. Assert.AreEqual(6, array.GetValue(43)); @pati_gallardo 60 I mean…. Wat?
- 61. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec Nullable Types 1. bool?maybe = null; 2. 3. if (maybe ?? true) 4. Console.WriteLine("Print Me!"); 5. 6. maybe = false; 7. 8. if (!maybe ?? false) 9. Console.WriteLine("Print me too!"); @pati_gallardo 61 Maybe??
- 62.
- 63. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [JavaScript] Anonymous Types 1.var gilmoreGirls = 2. new[] { 3. new { Name = "Loralai", Age = "36" }, 4. new { Name = "Rory", Age = "20" } 5. }; @pati_gallardo 63 If you squint it looks a bit like JS objects
- 64. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec [JavaScript] ExpandoObject 1. publicdelegate void printMe(); 2. 3. [Test] 4. public void Test() { 5. dynamic expando = new ExpandoObject(); 6. // Add a field 7. expando.GilmoreGirl = "Rory"; 8. Assert.AreEqual("Rory", expando.GilmoreGirl); 9. // Add a function 10. printMe order = delegate { Console.WriteLine("Coffee!"); }; 11. expando.getCoffee = order; 12. expando.getCoffee(); 13. } 14. @pati_gallardo 64 Full on JS!
- 65. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 65 Killer features Why C#? Njust Nice To Have
- 66. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 66 Why would Ichoose C#? Platform Integration LINQ
- 67.
- 68. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 68 Rewrite an applicationyou have written already Focus on the language and n the application What are the Unknown Unknowns? Hard to get confident
- 69. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 69 FormMeaning Origin Cognates False Friends False Cognates Driftin MeaningDrift in Form Unknown Unknowns! How do you find out what you don’t know?
- 70. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 70 The best wayto learn a programming language is to make something interesting next to someone who’s knowledgeable and kind
- 71. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 1. #define DEBUG1 2. 3. namespace Communication { 4. class Telephone { 5. bool log = false; 6. 7. Telephone() { 8. #if DEBUG 9. log = true; 10. #endif 11. } 12. 13. ~Telephone() { 14. log = false; 15. } 16. }; 17. } @pati_gallardo 71 1. #define DEBUG 2. 3. namespace Communication { 4. class Telephone { 5. bool log = false; 6. 7. Telephone() { 8. #if DEBUG 9. log = true; 10. #endif 11. } 12. 13. ~Telephone() { 14. log = false; 15. } 16. } 17. } telephone.cpp Telephone.cs C++ C# You can have an accent in code! Or “not idiomatic”
- 72. @pati_gallardo TurtleSec 72 Where to start? Procrastinate Anythingthat gets you out of this is good Maybe even submitting a talk to a conference?
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