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Trends in Computer Graphics
- 1. Trends in Computer Graphics 1 Team members: 1.Ravi Tamang 2. Sajal Maharjan 3. Rubeena Tamang
- 2. Concept of Virtual Reality andSimulation 2
- 3. Virtual Reality and Simulation Virtual Reality is an interactive immersive 3D computer generated simulation, designed to make the user believe, to the greatest extent possible, that they are actually experiencing a real environment." Performance tuning or optimizing, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and video games. 3
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- 5. Evolution of VR 1838 – Stereoscopic photos & viewers(Charles Wheatstone 1929 – Link Trainer The First Flight Simulator(entirely electromechanical) 1950s – Morton Heilig’s Sensorama 1965 – The Ultimate display by Ivan Sutherland 5
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- 10. How does VRwork? The primary subject of virtual reality is simulating the vision. Two autofocus lenses are generally placed between the screen and the eyes that adjust based on individual eye movement and positioning. a frame rate of minimum 60fps, an equally competent refresh rate and minimum 100-degree field of view (FOV) (though 180 degrees is ideal). The visuals on the screen are rendered either by using a mobile phone or HDMI cable connected to a PC. 10
- 11. VR application Digitalmarketing Entertainment Video Games Cinema Music Education and training Flight and vehicular applications Surgery Military Space 11
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- 13. Computer Animation 13 What isAnimation? – Moving objects change over time in between frames Categories: Movies/Video/Games
- 14. Computer animation isthe process used for digitally generating animated images. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Introduction 14
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- 16. APPLICATIONS 16 Video Games CartoonMobile Phones
- 17. Steps for designinganimation sequence 17 1) Storyboard Layout 2) Object Definitions 3) Key frame specifications 4) Generation of in-between frames
- 18. STORYBOARD LAYOUT 18 It isthe outline of a action. It defines the motion sequences as a set of basic that are to take place. Depending on the type of animation to be produced, the storyboard could be consist of a set of rough sketches or it could be a list of basis ideas for motion.
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- 20. OBJECT DEFINITIONS Each objectparticipating in the action is given object definition, such as terms of basic shapes, such as polygons or splines. 20
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- 22. FRAMES 22 It isone of the many single photographic images in a motion picture. The individual frames are separated by frame lines. Normally, are needed for one second of film.
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- 24. KEY FRAME 24 A keyframe in animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition. A sequence of key frames which movement the spectator will see.
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- 26. TWEENING (OR) IN BETWEEN 26 Itis a process of generating intermediate frames between 2 images to give appearance that the 1st image evolves smoothly into the second image. In-betweens are the drawing between the key frames which help to create the illusion of motion.
- 27. 27 The animation languagesfall into following three main categories: • Linear list notations • General purpose languages • Graphical languages Computer Animation Languages
- 28. 28 •Linear list notations Inthis notations for animations each event is described by 1) A starting and ending frame number 2) An action that is to be taken place for example 10,20,R rotate “bird”,1,60
- 29. 29 •General purpose languages Anotherway to describe animation is to embed an animation capability within a general purpose programming language. The value of variables in the general purpose language can be used as parameter to whatever routines actually generate animations,so the high-level language can actually be used to generate simualtions that then generate animation as a side effect.
- 30. 30 •Graphical languages Graphical animationlanguage describe animation in more visual way. These languages are used for expressing , editing, and comprehending the simultaneous change taking place in an animation. Instead of writing explicitly the descriptions of actions the animator provides a picture of the action. For example : DIAL: diagrammatic animation language .
- 31. 31 Morphing is theprocess that permits a smooth transition from one image to another. Morphing works by creating complex algorithms that change one image. This is generally done by special softwares that detect specific features in the image (e.g. face contour, mouth, eyes, nose...) and adjust them to fit the next image. The main image is slowly dissolved as it's transformed in the new one. Hence morphing is the transformation of object shapes from one form to another . Morphing
- 32. 32 A simulating accelerationis a mechanism that creates the feelings of being in a real motion environment. Simulating Accelerations
- 33. 33 Different ways ofsimulating accelerations •Zero acceleration (constant speed ) Assume we are driving a car at the same speed . So we can say it’s a zero acceleration. For constant speed, we use equal- interval time spacing for the in between. For example we anwant N in-betweens for key frames at times t1 and t2. The time interval between key frame is then divided into n+1 subintervals providing in-betweens spacing of Δt=(t2-t1)/(n+1). The time for any in-between is Tj=ta +j*Δt where j=1,2,3…n
- 34. 34 •Non-zero accelerations It isused to produce realistic display of speed changes . we can model the start-up or slow down portions of an animation path with trigonometric functions.
- 35. 35 Positive accelerations To modelincreasing speed, we want the time spacing between frame to increase, so that the greater changes in position occur as the object moves faster. We can obtain it by 1-cosθ 0<θ<λ/2
- 36. 36 •Negative accelerations: To modeldecreasing speed, we want the time spacing between frame to decrease we can model decreasing speed with sin θ in the range 0<θ<λ/2.
- 37. 37 •Combination of accelerations: Motionscan contain both speed-ups and downs. We can model a combination of increasing-decreasing speed by first increasing the in-between time spacing, then we decrease this spacing. It can be accomplished by 0.5(1-cosθ ), 0<θ<λ/2
- 38. Animation in Java3D Animation is change without any direct user action. Time-based animation Interpolators Alpha objects Custom behaviour Collision detection Same as for 2D Bounding boxes and spheres 38
- 39. Classes and Methods Package: javafx.animation.Animation Constructor: protected Animation() protected Animation(double targetFramerate) Simple Methods: void pause(): Pauses the animation. void play(): Plays Animation from current position in the direction indicated by rate. void stop(): Stops the animation and resets the play head to its initial position. 39
- 40. Collision Detection • Collisiondetection based on bounding regions of objects – Boxes (cubes), spheres – More complex polytopes () – Define explicitly for each object of interest • Need to detect when bounding regions of colliding objects overlap – Bounding regions in Java 3D have a built-in method intersect() that can detect overlap with another bounding region • Take appropriate action in response to collision. 40
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- 43. Projections in Java3D It is the process of converting a 3D object into a 2D object. It is also defined as mapping or transformation of the object in projection plane or view plane. The view plane is displayed surface. 43
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- 45. References Computer Graphics(C version 2nd edition)-Donald D. Hearn Introduction to Computer Graphics- McGrawhill Uni Google images. www.alarmstock.com Java 3d SlideShare. Unity 3d tutorial images.(www.unity3d.com) 45
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