Revision no.: PPT/2K403/02 Revision no.
: PPT/2K403/02
Introduction to Operating System
Revision no.: PPT/2K403/02
CMS INSTITUTE, 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored or emailed without the prior permission of Programme Director, CMS Institute
Operating System Basics
Operating system is a program that acts as an intermediary
between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.
Primary goal of an operating system is to make the computer
system convenient to use for the user and the secondary goal
is to use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.
Operating system controls and co-ordinates the use of the
hardware among the various applications programs for the
various users.
Operating system acts as the manager of the resources and
allocates them to specific programs and users as necessary
for tasks.
It is the one program running at all times on the computer
(usually called the kernel), with all the other programs, being
application programs.
Revision no.: PPT/2K403/02
CMS INSTITUTE, 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored or emailed without the prior permission of Programme Director, CMS Institute
Functions of OS
OS performs four basic functions.
Communicates, or at least provides a method for other programs
to communicate, with the hardware of the PC.
Creates a user interface and to enable users to manipulate the
user interface and thereby make changes to the computer.
Must enable users to determine the available installed programs
and run, use, and shut down the program of their choice.
Should enable users to add, move, and delete the installed
programs and data.
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CMS INSTITUTE, 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored or emailed without the prior permission of Programme Director, CMS Institute
Operating Systems and BIOS
Hardware organization and principle of operation of the PC is
common to all applications.
Only the software differs from one application to another. In
most cases, the system software ie. OS used is the same and
the application software which differs.
Hardware in a PC does not know the software and BIOS is the
interface between hardware and software.
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CMS INSTITUTE, 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored or emailed without the prior permission of Programme Director, CMS Institute
Operating Systems and BIOS (contd.)
BIOS is also called firmware due to its integration with
hardware.
BIOS contains all the code required to control the keyboard,
display screen, disk drivers, serial communications and a
number of miscellaneous functions.
BIOS is typically placed in a ROM chip that comes with the
computer it is often called a ROM BIOS which ensures that the
BIOS will always be available and will not be damaged by disk
failures.
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CMS INSTITUTE, 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored or emailed without the prior permission of Programme Director, CMS Institute
Classification of Operating Systems
Operating system is conceptually broken into two
components:
Shell -an outer wrapper to the kernel which in turn talks directly to
the hardware.
Kernel-the primary code of an operating system
Based on the types of computers they control and the sort of
applications they support, OSs are of the following types
Single-user, Single task
In this type, OS is designed to manage the computer so that only
one user can effectively do one thing at a time. Eg. DOS
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CMS INSTITUTE, 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored or emailed without the prior permission of Programme Director, CMS Institute
Classification of Operating Systems (contd)
Single-user, multi-tasking
In this type, OS will let a single user have several programs in
operation at the same time. Eg. Windows 98
Multi-user
In this type, OS allows many different users to take advantage of
the computer's resources simultaneously. Egs. Unix, Windows
2000, Linux etc.
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CMS INSTITUTE, 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored or emailed without the prior permission of Programme Director, CMS Institute
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