MOBILE PHONE SAFETY
Are mobile phones dangerous?
Yes No
1. Radio waves given off by Radio waves are not
mobile phones can heat up powerful enough to cause
body tissue, having heat damage to the body.
damaging effects.
Key Point 2. Magnetic fields created by The magnetic fields are
mobile phones can affect incredibly weak, and so
Conflicting reports
the way that your body unlikely to affect cells in our
about the health
cells work. body.
risks of mobile
phones appeared 3. People who make long These effects have never
in the late 1990s.
mobile phone calls been observed under
sometimes complain of laboratory conditions and
fatigue, headaches, and may be due to other factors
loss of concentration. in modern lifestyles.
4. Mobile phone users are Researchers admit it's
2.5 times more likely to unclear this increase is
develop cancer in areas of linked to using mobile
Key Point
the brain adjacent to their phones.
phone ears.
Millions of pounds
have now been
5. The International Agency The radiation produced by
invested in
for Research on Cancer power lines is a different
scientific research
found a link between kind of radiation, with much
to investigate the
childhood cancer and more energy than that
effects of mobile
power lines. Like mobile coming from mobile phones.
phones.
phones, power lines also
emit radiation.
6. Radio frequency waves Worms are not humans, so
similar to those in mobile there is no guarantee that
phones altered the gene our brain cells will react in
expression in nematode the same way.
worms.
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If you use a mobile phone
Key Point Do Dont
Given the immense Keep the calls short. Don't use your mobile phone
numbers of mobile when the reception is weak,
phone users, even small as the phone needs more
adverse effects on health power to communicate with
could have major public the base station, and so the
health implications. radio-wave emissions are
higher.
Key Point
Carry the mobile Don't buy a mobile phone
In 2000, the Stewart phone away from with a high SAR value1.
Report (a British report) your body when it is This means that it emits
found no known health on standby. more radiation.
problems caused by
mobile phones, but
advised caution,
especially among the Buy a mobile phone Don't buy protective gadgets
young, until more with a long talk time. unless they have been
research was carried out. It is more efficient, independently tested.
A further report in 2004 and has less powerful
backed this up. emissions.
1
SAR (specific absorption rate) is a measurement of how much electromagnetic radiation is
absorbed by body tissue whilst using a mobile phone.
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Mobile Phone Safety on the previous two pages is from a website.
Use Mobile Phone Safety to answer the questions that follow.
Question 2: MOBILE PHONE SAFETY
What is the purpose of the Key points?
A To describe the dangers of using mobile phones.
B To suggest that debate about mobile phone safety is ongoing.
C To describe the precautions that people who use mobile phones should take.
D To suggest that there are no known health problems caused by mobile phones.
SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Integrate and interpret: Form a broad understanding
Recognise the purpose of a section (a table) in an expository text
Full Credit
B. To suggest that debate about mobile phone safety is ongoing.
Question 11: MOBILE PHONE SAFETY
It is difficult to prove that one thing has definitely caused another.
What is the relationship of this piece of information to the Point 4 Yes and No
statements in the table Are mobile phones dangerous?
A It supports the Yes argument but does not prove it.
B It proves the Yes argument.
C It supports the No argument but does not prove it.
D It shows that the No argument is wrong.
SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Reflect and evaluate: Reflect on and evaluate the content of a text
Recognise the relationship between a generalised statement external to the
text and a pair of statements in a table
Full Credit
C. It supports the No argument but does not prove it.
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Question 6: MOBILE PHONE SAFETY
Look at Point 3 in the No column of the table. In this context, what might one of these
other factors be? Give a reason for your answer.
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SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Reflect and evaluate: Reflect on and evaluate the content of a text
Use prior knowledge to reflect on information presented in a text
Full Credit
Identifies a factor in modern lifestyles that could be related to fatigue,
headaches, or loss of concentration. The explanation may be self-evident,
or explicitly stated.
Not getting enough sleep. If you dont, you will be fatigued.
Being too busy. That makes you tired.
Too much homework, that makes you tired AND gives you headaches.
Noise that gives you a headache.
Stress.
Working late.
Exams.
The world is just too loud.
People dont take time to relax anymore.
People dont prioritise the things that matter, so they get grumpy and sick.
Computers.
Pollution.
Watching too much TV.
Drugs.
Microwave ovens.
Too much emailing.
No Credit
Gives an insufficient or vague response.
Fatigue. [Repeats information in the text.]
Tiredness. [Repeats information in the text.]
Loss of concentration. [Repeats information in the text.]
Headaches. [Repeats information in the text.]
Lifestyle. [vague]
Shows inaccurate comprehension of the material or gives an implausible or
irrelevant response.
Sore ears.
Egg cups.
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Question 9: MOBILE PHONE SAFETY
Look at the table with the heading If you use a mobile phone
Which of these ideas is the table based on?
A There is no danger involved in using mobile phones.
B There is a proven risk involved in using mobile phones.
C There may or may not be danger involved in using mobile phones, but it is worth
taking precautions.
D There may or may not be danger involved in using mobile phones, but they
should not be used until we know for sure.
E The Do instructions are for those who take the threat seriously, and the Dont
instructions are for everyone else.
SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Integrate and interpret: Develop an interpretation
Recognise an assumption in part of an expository text
Full Credit
C. There may or may not be danger involved in using mobile phones, but it is worth
taking precautions.
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TELECOMMUTING
The way of the future
Just imagine how wonderful it would be to telecommute1 to work on the electronic
highway, with all your work done on a computer or by phone! No longer would you
have to jam your body into crowded buses or trains or waste hours and hours
travelling to and from work. You could work wherever you want to just think of all
the job opportunities this would open up!
Molly
Disaster in the making
Cutting down on commuting hours and reducing the energy consumption involved is
obviously a good idea. But such a goal should be accomplished by improving public
transportation or by ensuring that workplaces are located near where people live.
The ambitious idea that telecommuting should be part of everyones way of life will
only lead people to become more and more self-absorbed. Do we really want our
sense of being part of a community to deteriorate even further?
Richard
1
Telecommuting is a term coined by Jack Nilles in the early 1970s to describe a situation in
which workers work on a computer away from a central office (for example, at home) and
transmit data and documents to the central office via telephone lines.
Use Telecommuting above to answer the questions that follow.
Question 1: TELECOMMUTING
What is the relationship between The way of the future and Disaster in the
making?
A They use different arguments to reach the same general conclusion.
B They are written in the same style but they are about completely different topics.
C They express the same general point of view, but arrive at different conclusions.
D They express opposing points of view on the same topic.
SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Integrate and interpret: Form a broad understanding
Recognise the relationship between two short argumentative texts (contrast)
Full Credit
D. They express opposing points of view on the same topic.
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Question 7: TELECOMMUTING
What is one kind of work for which it would be difficult to telecommute? Give a
reason for your answer.
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SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Reflect and evaluate: Reflect on and evaluate the content of a text
Use prior knowledge to generate an example that fits a category described in a
text
Full Credit
Identifies a kind of work and gives a plausible explanation as to why a person
who does that kind of work could not telecommute. Responses MUST
specify why it is necessary to be physically present for the specific work.
Building. Its hard to work with the wood and bricks from just anywhere.
Sportsperson. You need to really be there to play the sport.
Plumber. You cant fix someone elses sink from your home!
Digging ditches because you need to be there.
Nursing its hard to check if patients are ok over the Internet.
No Credit
Identifies a kind of work but includes no explanation OR provides an
explanation that does not relate to telecommuting.
Digging ditches.
Fire fighter.
Student.
Digging ditches because it would be hard work. [Explanation does not show why
this would make it difficult to telecommute.]
Gives an insufficient or vague response.
You need to be there.
Shows inaccurate comprehension of the material or gives an implausible or
irrelevant response.
Manager. No-one takes any notice of you anyway. [irrelevant explanation]
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Question 4: TELECOMMUTING
Which statement would both Molly and Richard agree with?
A People should be allowed to work for as many hours as they want to.
B It is not a good idea for people to spend too much time getting to work.
C Telecommuting would not work for everyone.
D Forming social relationships is the most important part of work.
SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Integrate and interpret: Develop an interpretation
Recognise a common position expressed in two short argumentative texts
Full Credit
B. It is not a good idea for people to spend too much time getting to work.
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THE PLAYS THE THING
Takes place in a castle by the beach in Italy.
TURAI
FIRST ACT
There arent. I am a dramatist. That is my
Ornate guest room in a very nice beachside curse.
castle. Doors on the right and left. Sitting
5 room set in the middle of the stage: couch, 45 GL
table, and two armchairs. Large windows at You shouldnt become such a slave to
the back. Starry night. It is dark on the stage. your profession.
When the curtain goes up we hear men
conversing loudly behind the door on the left. TURAI
10 The door opens and three tuxedoed gentlemen If you do not master it, you are its slave.
enter. One turns the light on immediately. 50 There is no middle ground. Trust me, its
They walk to the centre in silence and stand no joke starting a play well. It is one of the
around the table. They sit down together, Gl toughest problems of stage mechanics.
in the armchair to the left, Turai in the one on Introducing your characters promptly.
15 the right, dm on the couch in the middle. Lets look at this scene here, the three of
Very long, almost awkward silence. 55 us. Three gentlemen in tuxedoes. Say they
Comfortable stretches. Silence. Then: enter not this room in this lordly castle,
but rather a stage, just when a play begins.
GL They would have to chat about a whole lot
Why are you so deep in thought? of uninteresting topics until it came out
60 who we are. Wouldnt it be much easier to
20 TURAI start all this by standing up and
Im thinking about how difficult it is to begin introducing ourselves? Stands up. Good
a play. To introduce all the principal evening. The three of us are guests in this
characters in the beginning, when it all starts. castle. We have just arrived from the
65 dining room where we had an excellent
DM dinner and drank two bottles of
25 I suppose it must be hard. champagne. My name is Sndor Turai,
Im a playwright, Ive been writing plays
TURAI for thirty years, thats my profession. Full
It is devilishly hard. The play starts. The 70 stop. Your turn.
audience goes quiet. The actors enter the stage
and the torment begins. Its an eternity, GL
30 sometimes as much as a quarter of an hour Stands up. My name is Gl, Im also a
before the audience finds out whos who and playwright. I write plays as well, all of
what they are all up to. them in the company of this gentleman
75 here. We are a famous playwright duo. All
GL playbills of good comedies and operettas
Quite a peculiar brain youve got. Cant you read: written by Gl and Turai. Naturally,
35 forget your profession for a single minute? this is my profession as well.
TURAI GL and TURAI
That cannot be done. 80 Together. And this young man
GL DM
Not half an hour passes without you Stands up. This young man is, if you allow
40 discussing theatre, actors, plays. There are me, Albert dm, twenty-five years old,
other things in this world. composer. I wrote the music for these kind
85 gentlemen for their latest operetta. This is
my first work for the stage. These two
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elderly angels have discovered me and now, TURAI
with their help, Id like to become famous. Now wouldnt this be the easiest way to
They got me invited to this castle. They got start a play?
90 my dress-coat and tuxedo made. In other
words, I am poor and unknown, for now. GL
Other than that Im an orphan and my 110 If we were allowed to do this, it would be
grandmother raised me. My grandmother has easy to write plays.
passed away. I am all alone in this world. I
95 have no name, I have no money. TURAI
Trust me, its not that hard. Just think of
TURAI this whole thing as
But you are young.
115 GL
GL All right, all right, all right, just dont start
And gifted. talking about the theatre again. Im fed up
with it. Well talk tomorrow, if you wish.
100 DM
And I am in love with the soloist.
TURAI
You shouldnt have added that. Everyone in
the audience would figure that out anyway.
105 They all sit down.
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The Plays the Thing is the beginning of a play by the Hungarian dramatist Ferenc
Molnr.
Use The Plays the Thing on the previous two pages to answer the questions that
follow. (Note that line numbers are given in the margin of the script to help you find
parts that are referred to in the questions.)
Question 3: THE PLAYS THE THING
What were the characters in the play doing just before the curtain went up?
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SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Access and retrieve: Retrieve information
Locate a reference to action taking place before the events of a play
Full Credit
Refers to dinner or drinking champagne. May paraphrase or quote the text
directly.
They have just had dinner and champagne.
We have just arrived from the dining room where we had an excellent
dinner.[direct quotation]
An excellent dinner and drank two bottles of champagne. [direct quotation]
Dinner and drinks.
Dinner.
Drank champagne.
Had dinner and drank.
They were in the dining room.
No Credit
Gives an insufficient or vague response.
Shows inaccurate comprehension of the material or gives an implausible or
irrelevant response.
The three of us are guests in this castle.
They converse loudly behind the door. [This is part of the first act, not before it.]
They got Adams dress-coat and tuxedo made for him. [not just before the
events of the text]
Got ready to come on stage. [Refers to the actors rather than the characters.]
Takes place in a castle by the beach in Italy.
Talking about the theatre.
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Question 4: THE PLAYS THE THING
Its an eternity, sometimes as much as a quarter of an hour (lines 29-30)
According to Turai, why is a quarter of an hour an eternity?
A It is a long time to expect an audience to sit still in a crowded theatre.
B It seems to take forever for the situation to be clarified at the beginning of a play.
C It always seems to take a long time for a dramatist to write the beginning of a
play.
D It seems that time moves slowly when a significant event is happening in a play.
SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Integrate and interpret: Develop an interpretation
Infer the meaning of a phrase in a play using contextual references
Full Credit
B. It seems to take forever for the situation to be clarified at the beginning of a play.
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Question 6: THE PLAYS THE THING
A reader said, dm is probably the most excited of the three characters about
staying at the castle.
What could the reader say to support this opinion? Use the text to give a reason for
your answer.
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SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Integrate and interpret: Develop an interpretation
Support an opinion by construing a characters motivation in a play
Full Credit
Indicates a contrast between dm and the other two characters by
referring to one or more of the following: dms status as the poorest or
youngest of the three characters; his inexperience (as a celebrity).
dm is poor, he must be excited to stay at a fancy castle.
He must be happy to be with the two guys who can make him famous.
He is writing music with two really famous people.
He is young, and young people just get more excited about things, its a fact!
Hes young to stay at the castle. [minimal]
He has the least experience. [minimal]
No Credit
Code 0: Gives an insufficient or vague response.
He is excited. [Repeats stem.]
Shows inaccurate comprehension of the material or gives an implausible or
irrelevant response.
He is an artist.
He has fallen in love. [not an explanation of why he is excited to be staying at the
castle]
dm must be excited; surely the soloist will show up. [no support in the text]
He has been given a tuxedo. [an explanatory detail, not the reason itself]
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Question 7: THE PLAYS THE THING
Overall, what is the dramatist Molnr doing in this extract?
A He is showing the way that each character will solve his own problems.
B He is making his characters demonstrate what an eternity in a play is like.
C He is giving an example of a typical and traditional opening scene for a play.
D He is using the characters to act out one of his own creative problems.
SCORING
QUESTION INTENT:
Integrate and interpret: Form a broad understanding
Recognise the conceptual theme of a play
Full Credit
D. He is using the characters to act out one of his own creative problems.
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