D ESIGN OF A NALOG C IRCUITS -AUG -D EC -2019 I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE

Active filters
Arpit Rastogi, DESE, IISc

A BSTRACT
Active filters are analog circuits that are used to implement elec-
tronic filters to filter out certain frequencies. i.e. attenuate some
frequencies and pass the other. In this experiment we are going to
design active filter using active component opamp and passive com-
ponents like resistance and capacitance. We would be implementing
four types of

I I NTRODUCTION
We would we designing four types of filters in this experiment
namely Low pass, High pass, Band pass, Band Reject. The cir-
cuits are designed using opamp LM324N [?] All the datasheets
are attached for reference.
Figure 2: Active low pass filter plot
.

II TASKS Sl. No. Frequency Amplitude

1 100 4.00
The experiment is done in 4 tasks. In each task we imple-
mented one of the four active filters. The input to each of the 2 300 3.84
filter is provided through a buffer that is also created using an 3 500 3.60
opamp. The cutoff frequency for each active filters is set by
selecting the appropriate value of resistance and capacitance. 4 800 3.20
5 1000 2.96
Task-1
6 1100 2.76
The first task is to design the low pass filter using opamp as 7 1200 2.56
shown in Figure 1. The amplitude vs frequency plot showing
the attenuation after 3dB frequency is shown in figure 2. 3dB 8 3000 1.44
frequency is given by 9 5000 .960
1 10 7000 .640
f3dB =
2πR1C1 11 10000 .500
12 30000 .136
R1 = 1.5KΩ C1 = 0.1µF f3dB = 1kHz 13 50000 .072

Rf Table 1: Active low pass filter readings

Gain = 1 + =2
Ri
Task-2
The second task is to design the high pass filter using opamp as
shown in Figure 3. The amplitude vs frequency plot showing
the attenuation before 3dB frequency is shown in figure 4. 3dB
frequency is given by
1
f3dB =
2πR1C1

Figure 1: Active low pass filter circuit R1 = 1.5KΩ C1 = 0.1µF f3dB = 1kHz

DESE-D
c EPT. E LECTRONIC S YSTEMS E NGINEERING , IIS C , BANGALORE 1/5
 D ESIGN OF A NALOG C IRCUITS -AUG -D EC -2019 I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE

Task-3
Rf
Gain = 1 + =2 The third task is to design the band pass filter using opamp as
Ri
shown in Figure 5. The amplitude vs frequency plot showing
the attenuation before high pass 3dB frequency and after low
pass 3dB frequency is shown in figure 6. 3dB frequencies are
given by
1
f3dB =
2πR1C1

R1 = 1.5KΩ C1 = 0.1µF f3dBHP = 1kHz

Figure 3: Active high pass filter circuit

R2 = 1.5KΩ C2 = 15nF f3dBLP = 7kHz

R2
Gain = =1
R1

Figure 5: Active band pass filter circuit

Figure 4: Active high pass filter plot

Sl. No. Frequency Amplitude

1 100 .480
2 300 1.12
3 500 1.92
4 800 2.48
5 900 2.64
6 1000 2.80
7 1100 2.96
8 1200 3.04
9 3000 3.76 Figure 6: Active band pass filter plot

10 5000 3.92
11 7000 4.0
12 10000 4.0
13 30000 4.0
14 50000 3.44

Table 2: Active high pass filter readings

DESE-D
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 D ESIGN OF A NALOG C IRCUITS -AUG -D EC -2019 I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE

Sl. No. Frequency Amplitude

1 50 .108

2 100 .216

3 300 .620

4 500 .920

5 800 1.26

6 900 1.36
Figure 7: Active band reject filter circuit
7 1000 1.4

8 1100 1.48

9 1200 1.52

10 3000 1.80

11 5000 1.68

12 7000 1.52

13 8000 1.36

14 9000 1.34

15 10000 1.28

16 20000 .702 Figure 8: Active band reject filter plot

17 30000 .400
Sl. No. Frequency Amplitude
Table 3: Active band pass filter readings
1 50 2.04

Task-4 2 100 2.00

The forth task is to design the band reject filter using opamp as 3 300 1.92
shown in Figure 7. The amplitude vs frequency plot showing 4 500 1.76
the attenuation between low pass 3dB frequency and high pass
5 800 1.44
3dB frequency is shown in figure 8. 3dB frequencies are given
by 6 900 1.36

1 7 1000 1.28
f3dB =
2πR1C1 8 1100 1.18

9 1200 1.1
R1 = 1.5KΩ C1 = 0.1µF f3dBLP = 1kHz 10 3000 .480

11 4000 .640

12 5000 .840
R1 = 1.5KΩ C1 = 15µF f3dBHP = 7kHz
13 6000 1.02

Rf 14 6800 1.16
Gain = =1
Ri 15 7000 1.18

16 8000 1.32

17 9000 1.36

18 10000 1.44

19 20000 1.88

20 30000 2.00

Table 4: Active band reject filter readings

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Task-5
Waveforms of all the filters showing atteuation of input sine
wave is shown below in figure 9,10,11,12.

Figure 9: Active low pass filter circuit

Figure 10: Active high pass filter circuit

DESE-D
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 D ESIGN OF A NALOG C IRCUITS -AUG -D EC -2019 I NDIAN I NSTITUTE OF S CIENCE

III C ONCLUSIONS
We can see that the first order active filter can be easily imple-
mented using opamp. As can be seen from the matlab plots
each active filter effectively attenuates the amplitde of output
signal depending on the 3dB frequency set by R1 and C1 . Also
at very high frequency we can notice the fall in amplitude (as
can be seen in plot of band pass filter), which is due to the
slew rate of the opamp. The first order filter designed can have
various practical applications like filtering out one frequency
sinusoidal signal from another, etc.

R EFERENCES

Figure 11: Active band pass filter circuit

Figure 12: Active band reject filter circuit

DESE-D
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