Virtual consoles:
Alt+Ctrl+Fn
Alt+Fn (CLI only)
Alt+ -> or -<
[root@master Desktop]# chvt 6 (where 6 is the tty number)
[root@master Desktop]# tty
/dev/pts/0 (Pesudo terminal screen)
[root@master Desktop]# tty
/dev/tty2 (Tele type terminal)
To use mouse in TTY envirnment, install the GPM package:
[root@master ~]# yum install gpm
[root@master ~]# systemctl start gpm
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Shell basics:
[root@master ~]#clear (or Ctrl+l)
[root@master ~]#reset
[root@master ~]#ls
[root@master ~]#ls -l
[root@master ~]#ls --all
[root@master ~]#ls -a
[root@master ~]#ls -la
[root@master ~]#ls -la /home
[root@master ~]#exit (or Ctrl+d)
[root@master ~]#date --help
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
[ ] surround optional items
... represents an arbitrary-length list of items of that type
| means only one of them can be specified
<> represents variable data. For example <filename>
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The GNOME desktop environment:(GNOME v3)
The default is "GNOME Classic", similar to GNOME 2
"Modern GNOME 3" is also avilable
GNOME help:
1- F1
2- Applications> Documentation> Help
3- [root@master ~]#yelp
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Examples of simple commands:
[root@master ~]#date
[root@master ~]#cal
[root@master ~]#cal 2016
[root@master ~]#cal 3
[root@master ~]#cal 3 2016
[root@master ~]#date +%R
[root@master ~]#date +%x
[root@master ~]#passwd
[root@master ~]#passwd abeer
[root@master ~]#file /etc/passwd
[root@master ~]#file /home
[root@master ~]#which passwd
[root@master ~]#file /bin/passwd
[root@master Desktop]# head /etc/passwd
[root@master Desktop]# head -n 3 /etc/passwd
[root@master Desktop]# head -3 /etc/passwd
[root@master Desktop]# head /etc/passwd -n 3
[root@master Desktop]# tail /etc/passwd
[root@master Desktop]# tail -n 3 /etc/passwd
[root@master Desktop]# tail -3 /etc/passwd
[root@master Desktop]# tail /etc/passwd -n 3
[root@master Desktop]# wc /etc/passwd
[root@master Desktop]# wc -lwc /etc/passwd
[root@master Desktop]# wc -l /etc/passwd
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Tab completion:
[root@master Desktop]# pas <TAB>
passwd paste pasuspender
[root@master Desktop]# pass <TAB>
[root@master Desktop]# passwd
[root@master Desktop]# ls /etc/pas <TAB>
[root@master Desktop]# useradd -- <TAB>
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Command history:
[root@master ~]# cat .bash_history
[root@master ~]# history
[root@master ~]# !88
[root@master ~]# !-10
[root@master ~]# !ls (the most recent command)
[root@master ~]# !!
[root@master ~]# history -c (to clear the history)
Note: new command are loaded into buffer and shown in the history command when we
exit the shell
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Ctrl+a Jump to the beginning of the command line.
Ctrl+e Jump to the end of the command line.
[root@master ~]#ls ; date ; cal
[root@master ~]#ls && date (logical AND)
[root@master ~]#ls /div || date (logical OR)
[root@master ~]#ls /etc/passwd
[root@master ~]#head <ESC>. (to use the last argument)
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best wishes:
Abeer :)
