GROUP PROJECT

CIVIL ENGINEERING STATISTICS

BFC 34303

SEMESTER 2, SESSION 2019/2020

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING

PREPARED BY:

NAME MATRIC. NO
MUHAMMAD NAIM BIN ABU BAKAR DF180135
MUHAMMAD ASYRAF BIN RUSLI DF180210
MUHAMMAD ILHAM BIN MAT YAJID DF180110
MUHAMAD FAHMI AIMAN BIN FADELI DF180102

LECTURER NAME : Ts. ROSNAWATI BINTI BUHARI

SECTION :3

DATE OF SUBMIT : 11th JUNE 2020 TASK MARK

 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Statistic is the branch of science or mathematical discipline that concerned with

developing and studying methods for collecting, analyzing, interpreting and presenting
empirical data. Statistics also is defined as the science of learning from data and of
measuring, controlling and communicating uncertainty. Or, in a simple word, statistic is a
way to get information from data. Data here mean facts, especially numerical facts that
collected together for reference or information and information means the knowledge
communicated concerning some particular facts. To get accurate information, data are needed
to be summarized, processed and analyzed. In civil engineering, statistic is very essential to
help civil engineer make reasonable decisions and draw conclusions in presence of
variability. In statistics, it can be divided into two main categories which is descriptive
statistic and inferential statistics. The definition of descriptive statistics is the activity of
collecting, classifying, presenting and describing quantitative data while inferential statistics
is defined as a part of dealing with technique and method of interpretation of the results that
obtained from the descriptive statistics.

As stated earlier, data can be separate into two categorized which is quantitative data
and qualitative data. Quantitative data means the value of data in the form of counts or
numbers where each data set has an unique numerical value associated with it. This data is
any quantifiable information that can be used for mathematical calculations and statistical
analysis. While qualitative data is defined as data that approximates and characterizes. Its can
be observed and recorded. This data type is non-numerical in nature and it is collected
through methods of observations, one-to-one interviews, conducting focus groups and similar
methods. It is also known as categorical data which mean data that can be arranged
categorically based on the attributes and properties of a thing or a phenomenon. These data
can be divided into two part which is grouped data and ungrouped data. Each data whether
grouped or ungrouped data, its use different formula respectively to get information.

For Civil Engineering Statistic project, our group had been assigned to analyze the
data on the number of passenger arrivals at FPTP bus stop in term to study about bus services
in UTHM. There are a graphical methods and formulas to calculate the event. For this
project, the graphical method is not suitable due to data is taken only in one day and samples
of passenger arrivals at FPTP bus stop is taken randomly. Thus, to solve this problem,
formula will be applied to calculate and analyze data to get further information about bus
services in UTHM. Data are collected from three different peak hour which is early in the
morning, in afternoon and the last one in late evening.

2.0 METHODOLOGY
2.1 Data Collection

The data was first collected

through a survey and interview
among 25 uthm
students in which each
individuals were verbally
asked to state down their
gender,
weight and height. After that,
we will calculate their body
mass index, BMI by using
theformulawheretheweightinki
logramsisdividedbyheightinme
terssquared,BMI
=
mean and standard deviation
for both male and female, we
will summarize the data in
a table which included the
sample size n, sample
mean𝑥, and sample
standard
deviation, S for both male and
female.
To achieve the objective, it is
ideally for us to using the
hypothesis testing.The
hypothesis testing is perform
at 99% confidence interval
which is also 0.01 level of
significance and assumed the
population standard
deviation of BMI is not equal
between male and female
based on the previous research.
The significance level was
chosen and used is to
judge whether the test results
are statistically significant.
The significance level also
determines the probability of
error that is inherent in the test.
The reason of the hypothesis
testing was perform at 0.01
significance level which is a
rather smaller alpha is because
we wanted to be more
certain that we will only
detecta difference that really
doesexist.
Last but not least, after we
perform the hypothesis testing,
we will determine
whetherthetestvaluefallinsideo
routsidethecriticalvalueandma
keaconclusionfor that
whether there is significant
difference in UTHM student’s
BMI between male and fema
2.2 Data analysis

Data analysis involve the measure of central tendency, location and dispersion. The formula
use are as follows :

Central Tendency Location Dispersion

Variance , S2 :
Quartile :
2
∑ fx 1 (∑ fx )
Mean =
∑f ∑ f −1 (
∑f x 2−
∑f )
n 75
M = Lm + C 2
( )
−F
fm 75th Percentile :
r=
100
(n)
Standard Deviation, sd :
√ s2
Mode = L + C IQR : Q1 - Q3
 ( db+dbda )
To further analyze the data, stem and leaf diagram and also box and whisker plot are also
done.

3.0 DATA PRESENTATION

3.1 Set 1

7:45am - 9:45am
7.45-7.50 7.51-7.55 7.56-8.00 8.01-8.05 8.06-8.10 8.11-8.15
8.16-8.20 8.21-8.25 8.26-8.30 8.31-8.35 8.36-8.40 8.41-8.45
8.46-8.50 8.51-8.55 8.56-9.00 9.01-9.05 9.06-9.10 9.11-9.15
9.16-9.20 9.21-9.25 9.26-9.30 9.31-9.35 9.36-9.40 9.41-9.45
37

28

16 17

9 10
5 6 5 5
3 2 3 2
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
STUDENTS

3.2 Set 2
 12:45PM - 2:45PM 12.45-12.50 12.51-12.55
12.56-1.00 1.01-1.05
1.06-1.10 1.11-1.15
1.16-1.20 1.21-1.25
1.26-1.30 1.31-1.35
1% 12%
2%
8%1% 1.36-1.40 1.41-1.45
5% 1.46-1.50 1.51-1.55
5% 1.56-2.00 2.01-2.05
2.06-2.10 2.11-2.15
9% 34% 2.16-2.20 2.21-2.25
2.26-2.30 2.31-2.35
11%
2.36-2.40 2.41-2.45
12% 2.46-2.50 2.51-2.55
2.56-3.00

3.3 Set 3

5 PM -7 PM
5:00-5:05 5:06-5:10
5:11-5:15 5:16-5:20
5:21-5:25 5:26-5:30
15% 5:31-5:35 5:36-5:40
26% 5:41-5:45 5:46-5:50
5:51-5:55 5:56-6:00
7%
6:01-6:05 6:06-6:10
6:11-6:15 6:16-6:20
7% 6:21-6:25 6:26-6:30
6:31-6:35 6:36-6:40
6:41-6:45 6:46-6:50
11% 6:51-6:55 6:56-7:00
22%
11%
 4.0 DATA ANALYSIS

4.1 Set 1 (7:45AM - 9:45AM)

No. Time Midpoint (x) Students (f) fx x2 fx2

1 7.45 - 7.50 7.48 28 209.44 55.95 1566.6
2 7.51 - 7.55 7.53 1 7.53 56.70 56.70
3 7.56 - 8.00 7.58 37 280.46 57.46 2126.02
4 8.01 - 8.05 8.03 16 128.48 64.48 1031.68
5 8.06 - 8.10 8.08 0 0 65.29 0
6 8.11 - 8.15 8.13 17 138.21 66.10 1123.70
7 8.16 - 8.20 8.18 9 73.62 66.91 602.19
8 8.21 - 8.25 8.23 5 41.15 67.73 338.65
9 8.26 - 8.30 8.28 0 0 68.56 0
10 8.31 - 8.35 8.33 10 83.33 69.39 693.90
11 8.36 - 8.40 8.38 0 0 70.22 0
 12 8.41 - 8.45 8.43 6 50.58 71.06 426.36
13 8.46 - 8.50 8.48 5 42.4 71.91 359.55
14 8.51 - 8.55 8.53 1 8.53 72.76 72.76
15 8.56 - 9.00 8.58 3 25.74 73.60 220.8
16 9.01 - 9.05 9.03 0 0 81.54 0
17 9.06 - 9.10 9.08 2 18.16 82.45 73.8
18 9.11 - 9.15 9.13 3 27.39 83.36 250.08
19 9.16 - 9.20 9.18 0 0 84.27 0
20 9.21 - 9.25 9.23 0 0 85.20 0
21 9.26 - 9.30 9.28 1 9.28 86.19 86.19
22 9.31 - 9.35 9.33 5 46.65 87.05 435.25
23 9.36 - 9.40 9.38 0 0 87.98 0
24 9.41 - 9.45 9.43 2 18.86 88.92 177.84
∑=
∑ = 151 ∑ = 1209.81
9642.79

∑ fx 1209.81
a) Mean = = = 8.01
∑f 151

n 151
b) Median , M = Lm + C 2
( )
−F
fm
= 8.005 + 5 2
16
−66
(
= 10.97 ≈ 11
)
c) Mode = L + C ( db+dbda ) = 7.555 + 5 ( ( 37−137−1
)+ (37 +16 ) )
= 9.58 ≈1

2 2
1 (∑ fx ) 1 ( 1209.81 )
d) Variance , S2 =
∑ f −1 (
∑f x 2−
∑f ) =
151−1 (
9642.79−
151 ) = 0.3
e) Standard Deviation, sd = √ s 2 = √ 0.33 = 0.57

f) Quartile :

∑ f −F
 st
1 quartile :
Q1 + ( 4
f Q1
Q 1−1

) ( 37.75−29
( C Q 1)=7.56+
37 )(5)
: Q1=8.74 ≈ 9

3∑ f
 rd
3 quartile :
Q3 + (4
−F Q 3−1
f Q3
( C Q 3)=8.74+ )
113.25−108
5
(5) ( )
: Q 3=13.46 ≈ 13

 Interquartile : Q3 - Q1 = 13 - 9

:4

g) Percentile :

75
r= (24 )=18
 75th percentile : 100

:3
4.2 Set 2 (12:45PM - 3:00PM)

No. Time Midpoint (x) Students (f) fx x2 fx2

1 12.45 - 12.50 12.48 0 0 155.75 0
2 12.51 - 12.55 12.53 0 0 157.00 0
3 12.56 - 1.00 12.58 0 0 158.26 0
4 1.01 - 1.05 1.03 0 0 1.06 0
5 1.06 - 1.10 1.08 0 0 1.17 0
6 1.11 - 1.15 1.13 0 0 1.28 0
7 1.16 - 1.20 1.18 0 0 1.39 0
8 1.21 - 1.25 1.23 0 0 1.51 0
9 1.26 -1.30 1.28 0 0 1.64 0
10 1.31 - 1.35 1.33 13 17.29 1.77 23.01
11 1.36 - 1.40 1.38 38 52.44 1.90 72.2
12 1.41 - 1.45 1.43 0 0 2.04 0
13 1.46 - 1.50 1.48 0 0 2.19 0
14 1.51 - 1.55 1.53 0 0 2.34 0
15 1.56 - 2.00 1.58 0 0 2.50 0
16 2.01 - 2.05 2.03 13 26.39 4.12 53.66
17 2.06 - 2.10 2.08 0 0 4.33 0
18 2.11 - 2.15 2.13 12 25.56 4.54 54.48
19 2.16 - 2.20 2.18 0 0 4.75 0
20 2.21 - 2.25 2.23 10 22.30 4.97 49.70
21 2.26 - 2.30 2.28 0 0 5.20 0
22 2.31 - 2.35 2.33 6 13.98 5.43 32.58
23 2.36 - 2.40 2.38 6 14.28 5.66 33.96
24 2.41 - 2.45 2.43 9 21.87 5.90 53.10
25 2.46 - 2.50 2.48 1 2.48 6.15 6.15
26 2.51 - 2.55 2.53 2 5.06 6.40 12.8
27 2.56 - 3.00 2.58 1 2.58 6.66 6.66
∑ = 111 ∑ = 204.23 ∑ = 398.3
 ∑ fx 204 .23
=1 .84
a) Mean = ∑ f = 111

111
n
2
−F
( )
b) Median , M = Lm + C fm = 2.005 + 5
( ) 2
13
−51
=3.74≈4

c) Mode = L + C ( db+dbda ) = 1.355+ 5 ( ( 38−1338−13

)+ (38+ 0 ) )
= 3.34 ≈ 3.00

1 ( 204 .3 )2
1
d) Variance , S = ∑ f −1
2
∑f x 2−
(∑ fx )
(
∑f
2

) = 111−1 (
398 .3−
111 ) =0 .20

e) Standard Deviation, sd = √ s =
2
√ 0.20 = 0.45

f) Quartile :

∑ f −F
 st
1 quartile :
Q1 + ( 4
f Q1
Q 1−1

) ( 26.75−13
( C Q 1)=1.36+
38 )(5)
: Q 1=3.36 ≈ 3

3∑ f
 rd
3 quartile :
Q3 +
4
( −F Q 3−1
f Q3
( C Q 3)=2.21+ )
80.25−76
10
(5) ( )
: Q3=5.84 ≈ 6

 Interquartile : Q3 - Q1 = 6 - 3
 : 10

g) Percentile :

75
r= (27)=20 .25
 75th percentile : 100

: 10
 4.3 Set 3 (5:00PM - 7.00PM
No. fx
Time Mid point (x) Students (f) x2 fx2

1 5:00 - 5:05 5.03 7 35.21 25.30 175.21

2 5:06 - 5:10 5.08 0 0 25.80 0
3 5:11 - 5:15 5.13 0 0 26.32 0
4 5:16 - 5:20 5.18 6 31.08 26.83 160.98
5 5:21 - 5:25 5.23 0 0 27.35 0
6 5:26 - 5:30 5.28 0 0 27.88 0
7 5:31 - 5:35 5.33 0 0 28.40 0
8 5:36 - 5:40 5.38 0 0 28.94 0
9 5:41 - 5:45 5.43 0 0 29.48 0
10 5:46 - 5:50 5.48 0 0 30.03 0
11 5:51 - 5:55 5.53 0 0 30.58 0
12 5:56 - 6:00 5.58 0 0 31.13 0
13 6:01 - 6:05 6.03 0 0 36.36 0
14 6:06 - 6:10 6.08 0 0 36.96 0
15 6:11 - 6:15 6.13 3 18.39 37.58 112.74
16 6:16 - 6:20 6.18 3 18.54 38.19 114.57
17 6:21 - 6:25 6.23 2 12.46 38.81 77.62
18 6:26 - 6:30 6.28 0 0 39.44 0
19 6:31 - 6:35 6.33 0 0 40.07 0
20 6:36 -6:40 6.38 0 0 40.70 0
21 6:41 - 6:45 6.43 0 0 41.34 0
22 6:46 - 6:50 6.48 2 51.84 41.99 83.98
23 6:51 - 6:55 6.52 0 0 42.51 0
24 6:56 - 7:00 6.58 4 26.32 43.30 173.20
∑ = 21 ∑ = 193.84 ∑ = 898.3

∑ fx 193.84
a) Mean = = = 9.23
∑f 21
 n 27
b) Median, M = Lm + C 2
−F
fm ( )
= 6.11+ 5 2
−10
3
= 6.94≈ 7.00
( )
db 7−0
c) Mode = L + C ( db+ da )
= 4.595 + 5 (
( 7−0 ) + ( 7+0 )
= 7.095 ≈ 7.00 )

2 2
1 (∑ fx ) 1 ( 193.84 )
d) Variances, S2 =
∑ f −1 (
∑f x 2−
∑f ) =
21−1 (
898.3−
21 ) = 44.5

e) Standard Deviation, sd = √ s 2 = √ 44.5 = 6.67

f) Quartile :

∑ f −F
 st
1 quartile :
Q1 + ( 4
f Q1
Q 1−1

) ( C Q 1)=5.00+ ( 6.75−7
7 )
(5)

: Q1=4.82≈ 5

3∑ f
 rd
3 quartile :
Q3 +
4
(
−F Q 3−1
f Q3
( C Q 3)=6.21+
20.25−19
2 )(5) ( )
: Q 3=9.34 ≈ 9

 Interquartile : Q3 - Q1 = 9 - 5

:4

g) Percentile :
 75
r= (24 )=18
 75th percentile : 100

:0

4.4 Stem Leaf Diagram

Stem and Leaf Stem and Leaf Stem and Leaf

Display 7.45 - Display 12.45 - Display 5.00 -
 9.45 (am) 2.45 (pm) 7.00 (pm)
7.48 28 12.48 0 5.03 7
7.53 1 12.53 0 5.08 0
7.58 37 12.58 0 5.13 0
8.03 16 1.03 0 5.18 6
8.08 0 1.08 0 5.23 0
8.13 17 1.13 0 5.28 0
8.18 9 1.18 0 5.33 0
8.23 5 1.23 0 5.38 0
8.28 0 1.28 0 5.43 0
8.33 10 1.33 13 5.48 0
8.38 0 1.38 38 5.53 0
8.43 6 1.43 0 5.58 0
8.48 5 1.48 0 6.03 0
8.53 1 1.53 0 6.08 0
8.58 3 1.58 0 6.13 3
9.03 0 2.03 13 6.18 3
9.08 2 2.08 0 6.23 2
9.13 3 2.13 12 6.28 0
9.18 0 2.18 0 6.33 0
9.23 0 2.23 10 6.38 0
9.28 1 2.28 0 6.43 0
9.33 5 2.33 6 6.48 2
9.38 0 2.38 6 6.52 0
9.43 2 2.43 9 6.58 4

Stem Leaf
and and
4.5 Box and Whisker

Set 1
 Labels Sample
Min 0
Q1 9
Median 11
Q3 13
Max 37
IQR 4
Upper Outliers 19
Lower Outliers 3

Set 2
 Labels Sample
Min 0
Q1 3
Median 4
Q3 6
Max 38
IQR 3
Upper Outliers 10.5
Lower Outliers -1.5

Set 3
 Labels Sample
Min 0
Q1 5
Median 7
Q3 9
Max 27
IQR 4
Upper Outliers 15
Lower Outliers -1

5.0 CONCLUSION

The three sets of data provided shows different result in terms of mean, median and
mode. The sets of data provided is considered as sample as the students who participate in the
study consists of small numbers in comparison to the whole students population. A measure
of dispersion which includes the calculation of variance and standard deviation is also done in
the data analysis as it is important to identify how spread out the data is in terms of
distribution.

The three sets of data represents the number of students who takes ride on bus in or out
of the faculty at it peaks time. Based on the data analysis, the highest number of students
recorded is during the first set of data, 7.45 until 9.45 in the morning as the number reaches
151. On the other hand the lowest number of students recorded during the peak time is in the
evening with a number of only 21 students. However several data is eliminated as the
calculation shows that several data exceed the limits of upper and lower outliers.

For instance in the first data sets, the upper outliers calculated is 19, thus eliminating any
number of data that is higher than it such as 37 and 28. The lower oultliers calculated is 3.
Therefore data recorded below 3, which is 0, 1 and 2 is eliminated. The calculation of outliers
is also perform on the second and the third sets of data to ensure that the data provided is
reliable. Box and plot whisker is important as it helps to eliminate data that would interfere
the accuracy of data analysis.

As the provided bus by the university management team has the same designed with
express bus, a bus could provide seats for 42 students and several stand holders for students
that did not sit. Thus considering the data given and calculated, the university management
should provide at least 3 buses in the morning, 2 buses in the noon and 1 bus in the evening.
However considering the data is a sample and not a whole population of students from
different faculty, the number of bus provided should be even higher.