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Classification of The Signals | PDF | Teaching Methods & Materials
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Classification of The Signals

Signals can be classified into several categories: 1) Continuous time signals are defined for all instants of time, like audio and video recordings, while discrete time signals are defined at discrete instants, such as monthly stock or GDP data. 2) Periodic signals repeat their values exactly after a fixed time period, whereas aperiodic signals do not repeat after a fixed period. 3) Deterministic signals have defined values at all times and can be described by a mathematical equation, while non-deterministic or random signals have uncertain values that require a probabilistic description.

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268 views3 pages

Classification of The Signals

Signals can be classified into several categories: 1) Continuous time signals are defined for all instants of time, like audio and video recordings, while discrete time signals are defined at discrete instants, such as monthly stock or GDP data. 2) Periodic signals repeat their values exactly after a fixed time period, whereas aperiodic signals do not repeat after a fixed period. 3) Deterministic signals have defined values at all times and can be described by a mathematical equation, while non-deterministic or random signals have uncertain values that require a probabilistic description.

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khalid
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Classification of the signals

Signals are classified into the following categories:

 Continuous Time and Discrete Time Signals


 Deterministic and Non-deterministic Signals
 Analog and digital signals
 Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
 Energy and Power Signals

 Continuous Time and Discrete Time Signals


A signal is said to be continuous when it is defined for all instants of time.

Example: Audio and Video recordings


A signal is said to be discrete when it is defined at only discrete instants of time/
Example: Monthly stocks of corporation, GDP etc

Periodic and Aperiodic Signals

A periodic signal is one that repeats the sequence of values exactly after a fixed length
of time, known as the period. In mathematical terms a signal x(t) is periodic if there is a
number T such that for all t.

x(t) = x(t + T)

A signal is said to be periodic if it satisfies the condition x(t) = x(t + T) or x(n) = x(n + N).

Where
T = fundamental time period,
1/T = f = fundamental frequency.

The above signal will repeat for every time interval T 0 hence it is periodic with period T0.
Examples: Examples of periodic signals include the sinusoidal signals and periodically
repeated non-sinusoidal signals, such as the rectangular pulse sequences used in
radar..

Aperiodic Signals:

A periodic signal is one that does not repeats the sequence of values exactly after a
fixed length of time, known as the period.

In addition to periodic and non-periodic signals are those signals that are the sum of two
or more periodic signals having different periods

Example: Non-periodic signals include speech waveforms and random signals arising


from unpredictable disturbances of all kinds.
Deterministic and Non-deterministic Signals

A signal is said to be deterministic if there is no uncertainty with respect to its value at


any instant of time. Or, signals which can be defined exactly by a mathematical formula
are known as deterministic signals.

A signal is said to be non-deterministic if there is uncertainty with respect to its value at


some instant of time. Non-deterministic signals are random in nature hence they are
called random signals. Random signals cannot be described by a mathematical
equation. They are modelled in probabilistic terms.

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