Perceptions of the Learners of

Using Gadget in the Midst of

Pandemic

Submitted to:

Mary Jane Mercado

Submitted by:

Ryne Amorielle S. Magpantay

Renz Jahrell De Villa

Mark Dave Pamilar

Bernadette Benedicto

Christine Gracio
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE

(Related study and related literature)

The literature reviews in this paper are divided into several categories. The first

group of papers is concerned with the effectiveness of e-learning. The majority of

studies were related to high-income countries. Their results can only be generalized in

these countries. Their application to low-income countries such as the Philippines is

limited. The study also fails to address the unintended consequences of online

learning. The research is mainly focused on abstracts of the articles examined and

may have different study results if the study was based on full papers. In addition to

quantitative research, these authors support qualitative research in order to understand

the results of e.-learning.

As the Philippines is evolving, it is important to review some of the e-learning

studies in developing countries. It was proposed that e-learning could be a very useful

tool and an effective framework for learning in developed nations. Well-organized

monitoring and control systems, encouragement for students and lecturers in the use

of technology will help increase the quality of education. The research does not

discuss the unintended effects of the use of technology in learning. It only discusses

the intended implications of e-learners and the framework for their improvement.

The research by Oye et al[19] explores the implementation of the e-learning

paradigm to understand the adoption of e-learning technology in academic settings.

Their research comes from the developing country of Malaysia, which is similar to the
Philippines. Their results show that e- learning improves student academic

performance.

Department of Education in the Cordillera Administrative Region has renewed its

call to ban mobile devices inside school premises. DepEd has issued a regional

memorandum to reduce the dependence on the use of electronic gadgets, such as

cellphones and tablets, which may affect students in their studies.

From 38% in 2011, the biannual study found that children under eight years of age

using mobile devices increased to 72% in 2013. The American Pediatrics Academy

discourages the use of electronics for children under the age of two by suggesting that

it affects the essence of childhood. Common Sense Media creator Jim Seyer explains

that these modern devices are transforming the whole lifestyle of childhood.

In the last few years, holding a miniature machine in a pocket has become trendy.

Technology has continued to bring about the knowledge revolution. When was the

last time you printed a map or wrote a letter of snail mail? If you did, you belong to

the wealthy, endangered human cadres that are quickly disappearing. Welcome to the

era of knowledge. We're looking at how our lives changed with gadgets compared to

the pre-digital era.

Technology has nurtured the human race, but does our consumption adversely

affect our analytical and creative abilities? Are we addicted to the gadgets? Let's find

out about that. Are we simply indexers of data rather than holders of knowledge?
 You're never going to let go of your phone. It's always in your hand, pocket or

bag, ready to be answered or consulted.

This generation of digital natives is using technology in a collaborative and social

manner that will revolutionize learning. But some people worry about the damage

these devices are doing to their attention ranges.

There is a lack of large-scale technology and education studies, but there is some

credible analysis. Is it easier to read War and Peace on the Kindle or the paper?

Cognitive science research demonstrates the essential value of recalling the facts.

Long-term memory is vast, but working memory is limited to between four and seven

objects. We are freeing up precious space in our working memory to exploit these

details.

That's why it's so crucial for students to study their time tables: memorizing them

doesn't stifle intellectual comprehension, but rather enables it. We will need a system

of long-term memory information to make sense of what we find on the Internet;

studies show that students sometimes make mistakes when prompted to look for

unfamiliar knowledge.

Although technology may not eliminate the need for us to remember the facts, it

will make it easier for us to learn from them. Another great insight from cognitive

science is that we know what we're thinking about. In the words of Prof Dan

Willingham of the University of Virginia, memory is the remnant of thought.

 Pop-up messages, ever-changing websites, and tempting hyperlinks will confuse

us. North American studies indicate that university students mostly have multitasks on

their laptops during lectures. One possible solution is to create educational games that

attract and attract interest. Duolingo and Khan Academy, two common learning apps,

give points and badges when students complete the challenge.

We do need time, commitment, and thinking if we want to understand,

Willingham says. The enormous computational capacity that we have undoubtedly

has the ability to make learning simpler – but only if we understand that it will never

make it effortless, he says.

Gadget Addiction Consequences

While the business model of the top few app firms hinges on people investing

more time with their smartphones every day, we need to realize that the most

significant outcome of this driven behaviour will be the growing epidemic of

smartphone addiction. A sense of compulsion to use the phone or some other device

while bored or idle is tantamount to addiction. Gadget addiction does not discriminate

who is affected, it affects both age ranges and persons of all races. Effects vary from

behavioral, physical, emotional, to disrupting our democracy.

Why Professor Take Cell Phones from Students?

Professor: I've been making vague warnings about cell phones in class for years.

But one event ultimately made me adjust my approach completely, he says. Some

believe that students should learn to self-regulate, he writes. Others find that cell
phones can be used productively in the classroom, professor says. "This isn't high

school," he said, reminding the students.

Teaching a first-year writing course in spring semester, a time when weaker

students usually enroll. During one of the presentations, one student reacted vividly,

even making a slight noise. I took his phone out of him until the end of the class. In

practical terms, what I have is a poster board on the front of the classroom with their

names on it. Students leave their phones on the spot with their name when they come

in, and I can check the attendance easily.

Worst 6 Negative effects of gadgets to students

Gadgets give students many advantages: independent learning skills, more

learning opportunities, self-motivation, connectivity, etc. Negative consequences are

all attributable to the improper use or abuse of devices or technology. Overuse of

devices or children addicted to technology/gadgets such as tablets, laptops,

computers, smartphones.

1. Gadgets effect on sleep.

Children/Students who are gadget addicted and use more than a minimum can

forget their sleeping patterns. Artificial blue light from electronic gadgets can reduce

the sleep-inducing melatonin hormone, making it difficult for students to sleep.

Students who have trouble switching off gadgets late in the night can delay their

bedtime. It's going to be a habit day by day and it's going to be hard to sleep at night.

And do less and concentrate on other things.

2. Gadgets effect on eyesight.

Nowadays, I see a lot of kids wearing glasses, and I even wear 6th grade glasses.

Not all students had poor eyesight, however more time spent in close proximity to the

screen could feel blurred vision due to the excessive use of electronic gadgets. And

it's not going to be easy sleeping at night either.

3. Gadgets effect on health.

The negative effects that children addicted to technology/gadgets can lead to an

unhealthful lifestyle. Too much on-screen will lead you to a bad posture or

overweight body. Children addicted to gadgets/video games can forget to drink water,

eat food on time, and spend more time at the same location.

In most cases worldwide, many children/students have back pain, neck pain, hand

pain, headache, eye problems, and a higher risk of macular degeneration, which can

lead to blindness. Diabetes, obesity, gas problems, etc. are among the leading causes

of gadget dependency.

4. Gadgets effect on behavior and mental changes.

Children/students in particular invest more time in sports. Playing video games

can slow down brain development, too. Students who spend a lot of time on gadgets

may become more violent, lose interest in other things around them, laziness, less

interest in other hobbies, and lack of interest in academics. This issue is leading

children/students to bad personalities.

5. Gadgets effects on learning things.

 Using gadgets is also a positive thing, but abuse or spending more time on gadgets

can limit learning and other outdoor activities. It makes you sacrifice other learning

things, and it makes you feel no time for other things, which is really negative. Often,

make the student believe it's hard to finish their task. It interferes with their time of

study. It interferes with their time to study. Gadgets hurt your internal time

management when students are addicted to, or misused by, technology.

6. Gadgets effects on Social.

The overuse of gadgets makes the student a long way from real-time human

connection. Students who have been noticed spending more time on electronics are

losing contact with other real social relationships. They will engage more online

friends than offline friends. They feel awkward about their face-to-face encounters

with other people. It makes it hard for students to face the public. They love to stay

home.

Effects of Electronic Gadgets in Student Life

In today's world, we can see that technology is an important part of our lives. It

certainly plays an important role in our everyday lives. Technology has increased

dramatically at a rapid rate, always creating new gadgets. From a young age to an old

age, we can see everybody using technological devices. It could be TVs, smartphones,

computers, tablets, and so on.

Increases aggression

Generally, we see children replicating what they see or hear. Electronic devices

like TVs, cell phones, laptops screen a range of entertainment shows and other violent
things. Even kids get interested in surfing unnecessary things, talking, and more.

These can have a huge effect on a child's life. Children's experiences with social

media and gadgets have suddenly intensified their hostility. With the increased use of

technological devices, innocent children may be the target of themselves.

Causes Sleep Disorders

Students are so addicted to cell phones and computers that they spend the night

playing sports, browsing, chatting, and so on. This could be risky. Parents have to

show children how to use gadgets wisely. Children need enough sleep to remain

active all day, but the children of the new generation are more on phones and laptops.

In addition, the rays produced by the displays contribute to vision loss.It may cause

complications in the retina, and there may be a temporary loss of vision.

Leads to Obesity

Young children are not interested in playing outdoor games as they are stuck on

cell phones and tablets. In addition, children prefer to eat a lot of junk food without

being mindful of the amount of consumption. This could lead to obesity. They don't

know at an early point, but they may have to face life's hurdles.

Causes Hearing Problem

Children and adolescents prefer to use cell phones and laptops with a greater

number of headphones and earphones. This is going to cause harm to their ears, and

they will become deaf. Wearing earphones is not limited, but you need to keep the

volume down and time down. Kids use phones all day with their earphones, which is

risky.
Dries up the eyes

All electronic devices emit light rays that are harmful to the environment.

Continuous monitoring of electronic devices for a long time can lead to visual

impairment. Liquid present in the eyes can dry up and cause vision problems. This is

one of the big impacts of using gadgets.

Increased chances of Cancer

Radiation from electronic devices is a cancer-causing agent that can cause cancer

problems. Children may be severely affected by different forms of cancers such as

leukemia, skin, thyroid, breast, and stomach cancer.

Activates back pain

Back pain is one of the big health problems exacerbated by the use of devices.

Children are not conscious of this, but it does affect them slowly. Children appear to

stay in one position using electronic devices constantly for a long time, resulting in

back pain.

This is therefore the initial alert for children using too many technological

devices. It is not necessary to avoid using devices immediately. Using it in a limit

instead. Fix yourself a little time to use gadgets and then get back to another job.

Don't use the gadgets too much.

How Does Technology Impact Student Learning?

Some post-secondary educators see technology as a distraction in the classroom. Even

if they may not prohibit the use of cell phones or social media in the classroom, they

may be appalled to see technology as anything other than a necessary evil.

But, rather than merely 'tolerating,' teachers should leverage the power of digital

technology, applications and resources to improve interaction, foster collaboration,

stimulate creativity and enhance student learning.

Educational technology, on its own, does not result in successful teaching and

learning. It still needs a guide (educator) and a goal (related to the curriculum). And

there is a need for some initiative and tactics to successfully incorporate it into your

course material. But, if used intentionally, technology can be turned from distraction

into an efficient teaching tool.

Here are a few responses to the issue of how technology affects student learning,

and why educators should make the most of the technology inside—and outside—the

classroom.

Technology affords better access to resources

With an Internet connection, we have access to knowledge on our fingertips 24

hours a day. We can find almost everything online, in the most up-to-date edition. For

students, this means access to everything from study materials and educational

applications to digital education and accessible tools from prestigious universities

across the world. They may, however, need guidance on how to locate reliable

resources and direction to ensure proper allocation while using them.

 Students may also complement their learning by linking to online groups and

virtual communities in real time, or by working on community projects through

resources such as wikis and cloud-based applications. And instructors can provide

access to course materials (and other resources) by setting up portals through learning

management systems or providing access to course-specific software for each learner.

Blended learning—a combination of classroom technology and face-to-face learning

—is a common way to organize this.

Technology can improve student engagement

Education technology can make learning more immersive and collaborative—and

this can help students better engage with teaching materials. Instead of memorizing

the truth, they learn to do so. This may be as easy as taking an interactive quiz in the

classroom or engaging in tech-enabled community discussions or participating as

playing educational games, practicing scientific experiments in a virtual lab or taking

a virtual field trip.

But to make it truly entertaining, it has to be truly interactive. Doing math on a

machine is no different from doing math with a pencil and a paper pad. But using

virtual reality to animate math problems is a different kind of ballgame. Interactivity

offers a better learning environment for certain students.

For students, the possibilities are endless: from using modeling software to show

how a hurricane forms, to using virtual reality to perform medical procedures. “As a

growing number of medical schools bring virtual reality into the classroom, students
are finding it an effective way to learn complex subject matter, such as anatomy,

that’s often easier to understand with hands-on practice,” writes Chris Hayhurst for

EdTech Magazine.

Technology can expand classroom boundaries

Thanks to technology, the classroom has no walls anymore. There are no longer

limits to the learning environment. Instruction can be offered by any number of

subject matter experts, in addition to the individual who teaches the course.“Students

in a classroom in the rural U.S., for example, can learn about the Arctic by following

the expedition of a team of scientists in the region, read scientists’ blog posting, view

photos, e-mail questions to the scientists, and even talk live with the scientists via a

videoconference. Students can share what they are learning with students in other

classrooms in other states who are tracking the same expedition,” Purdue University's

thesis on technology in education.

Technology can encourage self-paced learning

In the conventional classroom, students trying to learn new concepts will easily

slip behind their peers. However, with online assignments, students can make

progress at their own rate. Those that need more time or extra support should practice

outside the classroom with supervised exercises or additional coursework. So, too,

there may be learners who want more of a challenge.

Thanks to the ever-present existence of technology, students can access resources

online whenever they need to, and trainers can see which students may need extra
support. The practice of self-learning also helps students develop digital literacy and

21st century skills, which will be useful as they join the workforce.

Technology can promote innovative teaching techniques

Technology is changing the way we receive knowledge, but also the way we learn

the information. The tutor is less of a 'sage on stage' and more of a 'guide on the side.'

Through viewing online course materials to watching video-recorded lectures,

technology opens the door to creativity teaching: from interactive community work to

flipped and hybrid classrooms. Instructors may also use classroom response systems

to evaluate students' comprehension of course materials and change the speed or

content as required in real time.

How Has Technology Changed Education?

In medieval times, books were scarce and few elites had access to educational

opportunities. Today, vast quantities of knowledge are accessible via the Internet at

one fingertips. Thanks to technology, access to learning opportunities today is

unparalleled in scale. Online learning opportunities are available around the world

through the Khan Academy, MOOCs and more.

Classrooms have traditionally been relatively isolated, and communication has

been restricted to other students. Today, technology facilitates ways of

communication and cooperation beyond the limits of the past. Technology has also

begun to change the position of teachers and learners.Schools and universities around

the country are starting to reinvent learning spaces to make this modern model of
education possible, writes de Voltolina. With the global scope of the Internet and the

ubiquity of smart devices, there is a new era wherever education is dawning.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The skeleton of the study is depicted in the figure below. The first box includes

the title of the study as well as the statement of the problem. The second box

describes the procedure for gathering information. The third box contains the study's

potential performance.

Input Process Output

In order to gather A webinar on the

Perceptions of the
the necessary importance will be
Learners of Using
details, the held by the
Gadget in the Midst
researcher will researchers to
of Pandemic
conduct a survey explore and
and interviews at disseminate
1. What is your
Mataasnakahoy knowledge about
perception on using
Senior High Perceptions of the
gadget in the midst
School. Learners of Using
of Pandemic?
Gadget in the Midst
of Pandemic.
2. What are the
gadgets that are
used by the learners
in the mids of
Pandemic?

3. What is the
possible output that
could have strong
evidence that the
student are not
allowed to use the
gadget while in
their school?
https://www.playgroundequipment.com/effects-modern-gadgets-children-development/

https://www.theguardian.com/global/commentisfree/2015/jan/05/gadgets-education-knowledge-
technology-learning

https://scet.berkeley.edu/reports/gadget-addiction/

https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2020/01/28/professor-gives-three-reasons-why-he-doesnt-
allow-cellphones-his-classes-opinion

https://goldenpeak.edu.np/the-negative-effects-of-gadgets-to-students/#:~:text=It%20makes%20you
%20sacrifice%20other,to%20technology%20or%20misuse%20it.

https://www.kopykitab.com/blog/effects-of-electronic-gadgets-in-student-life/

https://tophat.com/blog/how-does-technology-impact-student-learning/

https://online.purdue.edu/blog/education/how-has-technology-changed-education