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Unit05 Cs Digital Modulation

This document discusses digital modulation schemes. It describes amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK). It notes that digital modulation schemes work similarly to analog modulation schemes by changing properties of the carrier signal like amplitude, frequency, or phase. The document also discusses bit rate vs baud rate, constellation diagrams, and provides examples of constellation diagrams for 4-ASK, 4-PSK, and 8-PSK signals.

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Babar Shaikh
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59 views13 pages

Unit05 Cs Digital Modulation

This document discusses digital modulation schemes. It describes amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK). It notes that digital modulation schemes work similarly to analog modulation schemes by changing properties of the carrier signal like amplitude, frequency, or phase. The document also discusses bit rate vs baud rate, constellation diagrams, and provides examples of constellation diagrams for 4-ASK, 4-PSK, and 8-PSK signals.

Uploaded by

Babar Shaikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication Systems

Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani


Department of Telecommunication, Room # 215
Institute of Information & Communication Technologies (IICT),
Mehran UET, Jamshoro
https://sites.google.com/a/faculty.muet.edu.pk/fau/cs
Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Digital Modulation
 In order to utilize the advantages of digital signal
processing, we learned how to convert an
analogue signal into a digital signal

 When the user data is in binary format, we


cannot use analogue modulation schemes, we
have to utilize digital modulation schemes.

 Digital modulation schemes work in a similar


manner to analogue modulation schemes i.e.
change one or more the following properties of
the carrier signal amplitude, frequency, phase.
Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET
Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Digital Modulation schemes


 Amplitude Shift Keying
 Frequency Shift Keying
 Phase Shift Keying
 If both amplitude & phase are modulated with
respect to a binary data then Quadrature
Amplitude Modulated signal is produced

Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET


Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Digital Modulation schemes

Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET 4


Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)


 ASK is also known as on-off keying
 The amplitude of the carrier
frequency varies in sympathy with
the input binary data
 The carrier frequency remains
constant
 The two binary levels (1 and 0) are
represented by two different s1 (t )  A1 cos(2ft   ) for 0
amplitudes of the carrier wave. (a 0
may or may not be represented by a s 2 (t )  A2 cos( 2ft   ) for 1
0 volt signal). Special case of ASK called On-Off Keying (OOK)
 The advantages and disadvantages
are the same as of Amplitude s1 (t )  A cos(2ft   ) for 1
Modulation.
s2 (t )  0 for 0
Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET
Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

ASK bit rate and Baud rate


 ASK waveform (baud) is the same as the rate
of change of the binary input (bps),
 Thus the bitrate equals the baud.
 With ASK, the bit rate is also equal to the
minimum Nyquist bandwidth.
 This can be verified by

Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET 6


Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Frequency Shift Keying


 In FSK, as the name
implies, binary data
changes the frequency
of the carrier signal
 The simplest form of
FSK is the binary FSK
(BFSK), where a binary
“0” and binary “1” are
s1 (t )  A cos(2f1t   ) for 0
represented by two
difference frequencies. s2 (t )  A cos(2f 2t   ) for 1

Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET


Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Phase Shift keying


 The two binary
levels (1 and 0) are
represented by two
different phase
shifts of the carrier
wave.
s1 (t )  A cos(2ft  1 ) for 0
s2 (t )  A cos(2ft   2 ) for 1

Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET 8


Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Summary

Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET 9


Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Bit rate and Baud (rate)


 Bit rate and baud (rate) are related as

Rb  k  Rs

where,
k = number of bits transmitted per modulated symbol

bits bits symbol


 
second symbol second

Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET 10


Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Constellation diagram
 Constellation literally means – arrangement of
stars. (a group of stars forming a recognizable
pattern)

 In digital communications a constellation


diagram helps us to define the modulation
schemes and such diagram is often used for
performance analysis.

 The X-axis represents the in-phase carrier and the


Y-axis represents quadrature carrier.
Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET 11
Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Concept of Constellation Diagram

Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET 12


Communication Systems By Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani

Three constellation diagrams

Example: Show the constellation diagrams for a 4-ASK, 4-PSK, and 8-


PSK signals.

Department of Telecommunication, Mehran UET 13

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