Chapter 7: Ethnicity
The Cultural Landscape:
An Introduction to Human Geography
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ethnicity
pg 208
• Ethnicity = from the Greek ethnikos,
meaning national
– Ethnicities share a cultural identity with
people from the same homeland
– Ethnicities have distinctive cultural traits
• what makes ethnicity different from language or
religion?
• Race = people who share a biological
ancestor
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Case Study/Ethnic Diversity in
America (pg 208)
• How does President Barack Obama
represent the complexity of ethnic
diversity in the Unites States?
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
• Distribution of Ethnicities in the Unites States
(pg 208)
• Distribution of ethnicities in the United States
– Hispanics (Latinos) = 15 percent of the U.S. population
– African Americans = 13 percent of the U.S. population
– Asian Americans = 4 percent of the U.S. population
– American Indians = 1 percent of the U.S. population
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
• Clustering of Ethnicities (pg 209)
• 1. in particular regions; 2. In neighborhoods
within cities
• REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:
Figure 7-1
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:
(pg 209)
Figure 7-2
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:
(pg 209)
Figure 7-3
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:
Figure 7-4
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
– Concentration of Ethnicities Cities (pg 210)
• 90 percent of African Americans and Hispanics
live in cities
• Remnants of twentieth-century European
migration = still evident on the landscape (in
what ways??)
• Example: clustering of restaurants in Little Italy,
Greektown
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago and Los Angeles
(pg 210, 211)
Ethnic groups are clustered
in different areas.
Figure 7-5 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7-6
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
– African American Migration Patterns (pg
211)
• Three major migration patterns
– Forced migration from Africa (eighteenth century)
» The triangular slave trade- ??
» (what are the parts of the triangular trade?)
» Sharecropper - ??
– Immigration To The North (pg 212): from the South to
northern cities (first half of the twentieth century). The most
dramatic change in the distribution of African Americans in
the United States.
» why? (pg 212)
» Identifiable paths of migration
– Expansion to the Ghetto: (pg 213)
» Immigration out of inner cities to other urban areas
(second half of the twentieth century to present)
» The ghetto
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Triangular Slave Pattern
Figure 7-8
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
African American Migration in the United
States (Twentieth Century)
Figure 7-10
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
• Differentiating Ethnicity and Race
(pg 213-217)
– Often confusing – why? (pg 214)
– Race = traits that are shared genetically
• racism- ?? (pg. 214)
• racist - ?? (pg 214)
– Biological features within one racial group are highly variable
– Biological classification of people into distinct racial groups is meaningless
• Race in the United States
– What group is not included on the U. S. Bureau of the
Census list of ‘races’?
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
• Differentiating Ethnicity and Race
(pg 213-217)
– Spatial effects of racism
• Separate But Equal Doctrine (pg 215)
» which court case?
» What were the results?
• White Flight (pg 215)
» Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas –
results???
» Blockbusting (???)
– Division by Race in South Africa (pg 215-216)
– Apartheid (??) in South Africa
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Apartheid
Figure 7-13
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)
• Rise of nationalities
• Nationality = identity with a group of people who share a
common allegiance to a particular country
• Ethnicity - ??
• Race - ??
• (Also read pages 223-229 in DeBlij:
– state - ????
– Nations - ???; nation-state - ????; stateless nation???
– (what are they and where are they in the late 20th
century?)
– Nation-states
• Nation-state???
• self-determinism-??
• Examples
– Denmark: Why? There Are No Perfect Nation-
States
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)
– Nation-states in Europe
• such as ???
– Nationalism =
• loyalty and devotion to a nationality
– it’s an example of centripetal force - ????
– centrifugal force - ????
– (also- read page 234 “How Do States Spatially
Organize Their Governments?”)
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)
Figure 7-15
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)
• Multinational states
– Multiethnic state
• A state with multiple ethnic groups, all of whom might
contribute to a larger national identity
– Example: the United States
– Multinational state
• A state with multiple ethnic groups who retain their own
distinctive national identity
– Example: the United Kingdom - ???
– Example: Russia (the largest multinational state)
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)
– Former Soviet Union: The Largest Multinational
State:
– Broke up into 15 independent countries: ??
• New Baltic Nation-States
– Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia
• New European Nation-States
– Belarus, Moldova (Romanian relationship - ???,
Ukraine
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217-224)
• Revival of Ethnic Identity
– What centripetal forces did the former Soviet
Union use, and for what purpose?
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ethnicities in Russia
Figure 7-18
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
