Switching and Intelligent
Networks
Two Dimensional Switching
AAU, AAiT
13 May, 2019
Addis Ababa University
Semister 1, 2016/17
5th year, Communication Stream
Semester II, 2016/17 1
Two Dimensional Digital Switching
Large digital switches require switching in both space and time dimension
The incoming and outgoing PCM highways are spatially separate
One line of local exchange requires space switching to connect to the
channel of outgoing highways
Switching network must be able to receive PCM samples from one time slot
and retransmit them in a different time-slot
Switching network must perform both space and time switching
The space switching and time switching accomplished in many ways
A two stage combination switch can be organized with time switch as first
stage and the space switch as the second stage or vice versa.
Resulting in Addis
timeAbaba
space (TS) or space time (ST) switches respectively.
University
Semister 1, 2016/17
Three stage time and space combinations of TST and STS configurations
are more popular and flexible.
5th year, Communication Stream
Semester II, 2016/17 2
Two Dimensional Digital Switching
The main task of the switching
part is to interconnect an
incoming time slot and an
outgoing time slot.
The unit responsible for this
function is group switch. There
are two types of building block
in the digital group switch.
time switch and space switch.
In in this figure, the subscriber
General block diagram of combined switching makes a local call to B.
The control unit has assigned time slot 3 to the call on its way into
the group switch, and time slot 1 on its way out of the group
switch (to B). Addis Ababa University
Semister 1, 2016/17
This is maintained during the entire call.
B to A also carried out similarly
5th year, Communication Stream
Semester II, 2016/17 3
Time-Space-Switching (TS)
This structure contains a time stage
T followed by a space stage S
Used to delay information
Let the communication is to take
place between subscriber A and B.
Let A is assigned time slot 2 and
line 1 and subscriber B is assigned
time slot 16 and line N.
The signal moved from time slot 2 to time slot 16 by the time-slot
exchanger and is transferred from line 1 to line N in the space array.
Addis Ababa University
Similarly, the signal originated by B is moved from slot 16 to slot 2
Semister 1, 2016/17
through line N to 1.
5th year, Communication Stream
Semester II, 2016/17 4
Time-Space-Switching (TS)
Let TSI has T slots and the space array is N × N,
The simultaneous connections possible is N × T.
If T = 128 and N = 16, 2048 connections can be supported.
This two-stage TS switch ensures better availability.
It is a blocking network.
If two or more samples belonging to a specific inlet are destined to the same
time slot in different outlets, blocking will occur.
Addis Ababa University
Semister 1, 2016/17
5th year, Communication Stream
Semester II, 2016/17 5
Three-stage Combination Switching
Time-Space-Time(TST) switches
The first and third stages perform time switching
The TSI or time stages interchange time slots (in the time domain) between
external incoming digital channels and the subsequent space stage
The second stage performs space switching
provides connectivity between time stages at the input and output
Addis Ababa University
Semister 1, 2016/17
5th year, Communication Stream
Semester II, 2016/17 6
Time-Space-Time(TST) switches
Addis Ababa University
Semister 1, 2016/17
Gives more flexibility => lowers call blocking probability
5th year, Communication Stream
Semester II, 2016/17 7
Space-time-space (STS) switches
The first and third stages perform space switching;
The second stage performs time switching.
Addis Ababa University
Semister 1, 2016/17
5th year, Communication Stream
Semester II, 2016/17 8
