PAULO ARAÚJO JAVA 12
PAARAUJO@GMAIL.COM
SEPTEMBER 2021 SESSION 03
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JAVA 12
SESSION 03
PAULO ARAÚJO – PAARAUJO@GMAIL.COM – SEPTEMBER 2021
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PLANNING – 12 SESSIONS – 30H – SESSION 03
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RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Condition Operator Example
Is equal to == int i=1;
(i == 1)
Is not equal to != int i=2;
(i != 1)
Is less than < int i=0;
(i < 1)
Is less than or equal <= int i=1;
to (i <= 1)
Is greater than > int i=2;
(i > 1)
Is greater than or >= int i=1;
equal to (i >= 1)
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INTRODUCTION TO ARRAYS
• An array is a container object that holds a group of values
of a single type.
• A value in the array can be a primitive or an object type.
• The length of an array is established when the array is
created.
• After creation, the length of an array cannot be changed.
• Each item in an array is called an element.
• Each element is accessed by a numerical index.
• The index of the first element is 0 (zero).
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ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
Example:
• int ageOne = 27;
• int ageTwo = 12;
• int ageThree = 82;
• int ageFour = 70;
• int ageFive = 54;
• int ageSix = 6;
• int ageSeven = 1;
• int ageEight = 30;
• int ageNine = 34;
• int ageTen = 42;
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CREATING ONE-DIMENSIONAL
ARRAYS
Array of int types
27 12 82 70 54 1 30 34
Array of Shirt types
Array of String types
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ARRAY INDICES AND LENGTH
Array ages of eight elements
First Element
index at index 5
00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Indices
27 12 82 70 54 1
1 30 34
Array length is 8
(ages.length)
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DECLARING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
• Syntax:
type [] array_identifier;
• Declare arrays of types char and int:
char [] status;
int [] ages;
• Declare arrays of object references of types Shirt and
Shirt [] shirts;
String:
String [] names;
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INSTANTIATING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
• Syntax:
array_identifier = new type [length];
• Examples:
status = new char [20];
ages = new int [5];
names = new String [7];
shirts = new Shirt [3];
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INITIALIZING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
• Syntax:
array_identifier[index] = value;
• Set values in the ages array:
ages[0] = 19;
ages[1] = 42;
ages[2] = 92;
ages[3] = 33;
• Set references to Shirt objects in the shirts array:
shirts[0] = new Shirt();
shirts[1] = new Shirt();
shirts[2] = new Shirt();
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DECLARING, INSTANTIATING, AND
INITIALIZING
ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
• Syntax:
type [] array_identifier = {comma-separated list of values
or expressions};
• Examples:
int [] ages = {19, 42, 92, 33, 46};
Shirt [] shirts = {new Shirt(), new Shirt(), new Shirt()};
• Not permitted (Eclipse will show an error):
int [] ages;
ages = {19, 42, 92, 33, 46};
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ACCESSING A VALUE WITHIN AN ARRAY
• Setting a value:
status[0] = '3';
names[1] = "Fred Smith";
ages[1] = 19;
prices[2] = 9.99F;
• Getting a value:
char s = status[0];
String name = names [1];
int age = ages[1];
double price = prices[2];
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STORING ARRAYS IN MEMORY
char size = 'L'
char[] sizes = {'S', 'M', 'L' };
Primitive variable
of type char
0x034009
size L 0 S
1 M
sizes 0x034009
2 L
Primitive variable
of type char held
as array element
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STORING ARRAYS OF REFERENCES IN
MEMORY
Shirt myShirt = new Shirt();
Shirt[] shirts = { new Shirt(), new Shirt(), new Shirt() };
0 shirtID
myShirt 0x034009 0.0 price
U colorCode
shirts 0x99f311 0 shirtID
0x99f311 price
0.0
0x00099 U colorCode
0x00327
0 shirtID
0x00990
0.0 price
U colorCode
0 shirtID
0.0 price
U colorCode
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USING THE ARGS ARRAY IN THE MAIN METHOD
• Parameters can be typed on the command line:
> java ArgsTest Hello World! The second
args[0] is Hello parameter goes into
args[1] and so on.
args[1] is World!
The first parameter
goes into args[0].
• Code for retrieving the parameters:
public class ArgsTest {
public static void main (String[] args) {
System.out.println("args[0] is " + args[0]);
System.out.println("args[1] is " + args[1]);
}
}
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CONVERTING STRING ARGUMENTS TO OTHER
TYPES
• Numbers can be typed as parameters:
> java ArgsTest 2 3
Total is: 23 Concatenation, not addition!
Total is: 5
• Conversion of String to int: These are Strings!
public class ArgsTest {
public static void main (String[] args) {
System.out.println("Total is: " + (args[0] + args[1]));
Integer.parse
int arg1 = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); Int() converts to
int arg2 = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); int.
System.out.println("Total is: " + (arg1 + arg2));
}
Note
Note parentheses.
parentheses
}
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DESCRIBING TWO-DIMENSIONAL
ARRAYS
Wednesday
Thursday
Saturday
Tuesday
Monday
Sunday
Friday
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
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DECLARING A TWO-DIMENSIONAL
ARRAY
• Syntax:
type [][] array_identifier;
• Example:
int [][] yearlySales;
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INSTANTIATING A TWO-
DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
• Syntax:
array_identifier = new type [number_of_arrays] [length];
• Example:
// Instantiates a 2D array: 5 arrays of 4 elements each
yearlySales = new int[5][4];
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
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INITIALIZING A TWO-DIMENSIONAL
ARRAY
Example:
• yearlySales[0][0] = 1000;
• yearlySales[0][1] = 1500;
• yearlySales[0][2] = 1800;
• yearlySales[1][0] = 1000;
• yearlySales[3][3] = 2000;
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
Year 1 1000 1500 1800
Year 2 1000
Year 3
Year 4 2000
Year 5
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ARRAYLIST CLASS
• Arrays are not the only way to store lists of related data:
• ArrayList is one of a number of list classes.
• It has a set of useful methods for managing its elements:
• add(), get(), remove(), indexOf(), and many others
• You do not need to specify a size when you instantiate an ArrayList:
• As you add more elements, the ArrayList grows as necessary.
• You can specify an initial capacity, but it is not mandatory to do so.
• An ArrayList can store only objects, not primitives.
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CLASS NAMES AND THE IMPORT STATEMENT
• ArrayList is in the package java.util.
• To refer to the ArrayList in your code, you can fully qualify
java.util.ArrayList myList;
or you can add the import statement at the top of the class.
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class ArrayListExample {
public static void main (String[] args) {
ArrayList myList;
}
}
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WORKING WITH AN ARRAYLIST
Declare a reference.
ArrayList myList;
myList = new ArrayList(); Instantiate the ArrayList.
myList.add("John");
myList.add("Ming"); Initialize the ArrayList.
myList.add("Mary");
myList.add("Prashant");
myList.add("Desmond");
myList.remove(0);
Modify the ArrayList.
myList.remove(myList.size()-1);
myList.remove("Mary");
System.out.println(myList);
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PRACTICE 03
• Creating a Class with a One-Dimensional Array of Primitive Types
• Creating and Working With an ArrayList
• Using Runtime Arguments and Parsing the args Array
• Exercises
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