Integration Practice [141 marks]

1
Let f (x) = , for x > 12 .
√2x−1

1a. Find ∫ (f (x))2 dx. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct working (A1)
2
eg ∫ 1
2x−1
dx, ∫ (2x − 1)−1 , 1
2x−1
, ∫( 1
) du
2
√u

∫ (f (x))2 dx = 12 ln (2x − 1) + c A2 N3

Note: Award A1 for 12 ln (2x − 1).

[3 marks]

1b. Part of the graph of f is shown in the following diagram. [4 marks]

The shaded region R is enclosed by the graph of f, the x-axis, and the lines x = 1
and x = 9 . Find the volume of the solid formed when R is revolved 360° about the
x-axis.
 Markscheme
attempt to substitute either limits or the function into formula involving f 2
(accept absence of π / dx) (M1)
2
( 1 )
9 9
eg ∫1 y 2 dx, π∫ dx, [ 12 ln (2x − 1)]1
√2x−1
substituting limits into their integral and subtracting (in any order) (M1)
eg π2 (ln (17) − ln (1)) , π (0 − 12 ln (2 × 9 − 1))
correct working involving calculating a log value or using log law (A1)
eg ln (1) = 0, ln ( 17
1 )
π
2 ln17 (accept πln√17) A1 N3

Note: Full FT may be awarded as normal, from their incorrect answer in part
(a), however, do not award the final two A marks unless they involve
logarithms.
[4 marks]

A function f (x) has derivative f ′ (x) = 3x2 + 18x. The graph of f has an x-intercept
at x = −1.

2a. Find f (x). [6 marks]

 Markscheme
evidence of integration (M1)
eg ∫ f ′ (x)
correct integration (accept absence of C) (A1)(A1)
eg x3 + 18 2 3
2 x + C, x + 9x
2

attempt to substitute x = −1 into their f = 0 (must have C) M1

3 2
eg (−1) + 9(−1) + C = 0, −1 + 9 + C = 0
Note: Award M0 if they substitute into original or differentiated function.
correct working (A1)
eg 8 + C = 0, C = −8
f (x) = x3 + 9x2 − 8 A1 N5
[6 marks]

2b. The graph of f has a point of inflexion at x = p. Find p. [4 marks]

 Markscheme
METHOD 1 (using 2nd derivative)
recognizing that f" = 0 (seen anywhere) M1
correct expression for f" (A1)
eg 6x + 18, 6p + 18
correct working (A1)
6p + 18 = 0
p = −3 A1 N3

METHOD 1 (using 1st derivative)

recognizing the vertex of f′ is needed (M2)
eg − 2b (must be clear this is for f′)
a
correct substitution (A1)
−18
eg 2×3
p = −3 A1 N3
[4 marks]

2c. Find the values of x for which the graph of f is concave-down. [3 marks]

Markscheme
valid attempt to use f" (x) to determine concavity (M1)
eg f" (x) < 0, f" (−2), f" (−4), 6x + 18 ≤ 0

correct working (A1)

eg 6x + 18 < 0, f" (−2) = 6, f" (−4) = −6

f concave down for x < −3 (do not accept x ≤ −3) A1 N2

[3 marks]

2
 Let f (x) = 6x2 − 3x. The graph of f is shown in the following diagram.

3a. Find ∫ (6x2 − 3x) dx. [2 marks]

Markscheme
2x3 − 3x2
2 + c (accept 6x3
3
− 3x2
2 + c) A1A1 N2

Notes: Award A1A0 for both correct terms if +c is omitted.

Award A1A0 for one correct term eg 2x3 + c.
Award A1A0 if both terms are correct, but candidate attempts further working
to solve for c.
[2 marks]

3b. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis and the [4 marks]
lines x = 1 and x = 2 .
 Markscheme
substitution of limits or function (A1)
2
eg ∫1 f (x) dx, [2x3 − 2x ]
2 3 2

1
substituting limits into their integrated function and subtracting (M1)
6×23 3×22
− ( 6×1 2 )
3
3×12
eg 3
− 2 3
+
Note: Award M0 if substituted into original function.
correct working (A1)
eg 6×8
3
− 3×4 6×1 3×1 3
2 − 3 + 2 , (16 − 6) − (2 − 2 )
19
2 A1 N3
[4 marks]

Let f(x) = x2 − x, for x ∈ R. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .

The graph of f crosses the x-axis at the origin and at the point P(1, 0).

4a. Show that f ′ (1) = 1. [3 marks]

Markscheme
f ′ (x) = 2x − 1 A1A1
correct substitution A1
eg 2(1) − 1, 2 − 1
f ′ (1) = 1 AG N0
[3 marks]
 The line L is the normal to the graph of f at P.

4b. Find the equation of L in the form y = ax + b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct approach to find the gradient of the normal (A1)
−1
eg
f ′(1)
, m1 m2 = −1, slope = −1
attempt to substitute correct normal gradient and coordinates into equation of
a line (M1)
eg y − 0 = −1(x − 1), 0 = −1 + b, b = 1, L = −x + 1
y = −x + 1 A1 N2
[3 marks]

The line L intersects the graph of f at another point Q, as shown in the following
diagram.

4c. Find the x-coordinate of Q. [4 marks]

Markscheme
equating expressions (M1)
eg f(x) = L, − x + 1 = x2 − x
correct working (must involve combining terms) (A1)
eg x2 − 1 = 0, x2 = 1, x = 1
x = −1 (accept Q(−1, 2)) A2 N3
[4 marks]
4d. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph of f and the line L . [6 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
1
eg ∫ L − f, ∫−1 (1 − x2 )dx, splitting area into triangles and integrals
correct integration (A1)(A1)
1
eg [x − x3 ]
3
x3 x2 x2
, − 3
− 2 + 2 +x
−1
substituting their limits into their integrated function and subtracting (in any
order) (M1)

eg 1 − 13 − (−1 − 3 )
−1

Note: Award M0 for substituting into original or differentiated function.

4
area = 3
A2 N3
[6 marks]

2
5a. Find ∫ xex −1 dx. [4 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach to set up integration by substitution/inspection (M1)
2
eg u = x2 − 1, du = 2x, ∫ 2xex −1 dx
correct expression (A1)
1 2 1
eg 2 ∫ 2xex −1 dx, 2 ∫ eu du
1 x2−1
2e +c A2 N4

Notes: Award A1 if missing “+c”.

[4 marks]

2−1
 2
5b. Find f(x), given that f ′ (x) = xex −1 and f(−1) = 3. [3 marks]

Markscheme
substituting x = −1 into their answer from (a) (M1)
1 0 1 1−1
eg 2e , 2e =3
correct working (A1)
1
eg 2 + c = 3, c = 2.5
2
f(x) = 12 ex −1 + 2.5 A1 N2
[3 marks]

Let f(x) = x2 . The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .

The line L is the tangent to the graph of f at the point A(−k, k2 ), and intersects
the x-axis at point B. The point C is (−k, 0).

6a. Write down f ′ (x). [1 mark]

Markscheme
f ′ (x) = 2x A1 N1
[1 mark]

6b. Find the gradient of L. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
attempt to substitute x = −k into their derivative (M1)
gradient of L is −2k A1 N2
[2 marks]

6c. Show that the x-coordinate of B is − k2 . [5 marks]

 Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to substitute coordinates of A and their gradient into equation of a line
(M1)
eg k2 = −2k(−k) + b
L in any form (A1)
correct equation of
eg y − k2 = −2k(x + k), y = −2kx − k2
valid approach (M1)
eg y = 0
L equation A1
correct substitution into
eg −k2 = −2kx − 2k2 , 0 = −2kx − k2
correct working A1
eg 2kx = −k2
x = − k2 AG N0
METHOD 2
valid approach (M1)
y −y
eg gradient = x2−x1 , − 2k = rise
run
2 1

recognizing y = 0 at B (A1)
attempt to substitute coordinates of A and B into slope formula (M1)
k2−0 −k2
eg −k−x
, x+ k
correct equation A1
2−0 −k2
eg
k
−k−x
= −2k, x+ k
= −2k, − k2 = −2k(x + k)
correct working A1
eg 2kx = −k2
x = − k2 AG N0
[5 marks]

6d. Find the area of triangle ABC, giving your answer in terms of k. [2 marks]
 Markscheme
valid approach to find area of triangle (M1)
1 2 k
eg 2 (k ) ( 2 )
k3
area of ABC = 4
A1 N2
[2 marks]

The region R is enclosed by L, the graph of f , and the x-axis. This is shown in the
following diagram.

6e. Given that the area of triangle ABC is p times the area of R, find the [7 marks]
value of p.

Markscheme
METHOD 1 ( ∫ f − triangle)
valid approach to find area from −k to 0 (M1)
0 −k
eg ∫−k x2 dx, ∫0 f
correct integration (seen anywhere, even if M0 awarded) A1
x3 0
eg 3
, [ 13 x3 ]−k
substituting their limits into their integrated function and subtracting (M1)
(−k)3 k3
eg 0 − 3
, area from −k to 0 is 3

Note: Award M0 for substituting into original or differentiated function.

attempt to find area of R (M1)

0
 0
eg ∫−k f(x)dx − triangle
correct working for R (A1)
k3 k3 k3
eg 3
− 4
, R= 12
correct substitution into triangle = pR (A1)
k3
= p ( k3 − ) = p ( 12 )
3
k3 k3 k 3
eg 4 4
, 4

p=3 A1 N2
METHOD 2 ( ∫ (f − L))
valid approach to find area of R (M1)
−k 0 −k 0
eg ∫−k2 x2 − (−2kx − k2 )dx + ∫− k x2 dx, ∫−k2 (f − L) + ∫− k f
2 2

correct integration (seen anywhere, even if M0 awarded) A2

− k2 0
x3
[ x3 + [ x3 ]
3 3
eg 3
+ kx2 + k2 x, + kx2 + 2
k x]
−k − k2

substituting their limits into their integrated function and subtracting (M1)
eg
3 3
(− k2 ) (− k2 )
( + k(− k2 ) + k2 (− k2 )) − ( + k(−k)2 + k2 (−k)) + (0) − ( )
3
2 (−k)
3 3 3

Note: Award M0 for substituting into original or differentiated function.

correct working for R (A1)

k3 k3 k3 k3 k3 k3 k3 k3
eg 24
+ 24
, − 24
+ 4
− 2 + 3
− k3 + k3 + 24
, R= 12
correct substitution into triangle = pR (A1)
k3
= p ( 24 ) = p ( 12 )
3
k k3 k3 k 3
eg 4
+ 24
, 4

p=3 A1 N2
[7 marks]

7. Let 3x2 [6 marks]

f ′ (x) = . Given that f(0) = 1, find f(x).
(x3+1)5
 Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
3x2
eg ∫ f ′ dx, ∫ dx
(x3+1)5
correct integration by substitution/inspection A2
−1
eg f(x) = − 14 (x3 + 1)−4 + c,
4(x3+1)4
correct substitution into their integrated function (must include c) M1
−1 1
eg 1 = 3 4 + c, − 4
+c=1
4(0 +1)

Note: Award M0 if candidates substitute into f ′ or f ′′ .

5
c= 4
(A1)
4

(= )
1 5 −1 5 5(x3+1) −1
f(x) = − 4
(x3 + 1)−4 + 4
+ 4
, A1 N4
4(x3+1)4 4(x3+1)4

[6 marks]

8. Let f ′ (x) = sin3 (2x) cos(2x). Find f(x), given that f ( π4 ) = 1. [7 marks]
 Markscheme
evidence of integration (M1)
eg ∫ f ′ (x)dx
correct integration (accept missing C) (A2)
4
1 sin (2x)
eg 2 × 4
, 18 sin4 (2x) +C
substituting initial condition into their integrated expression (must have +C)
M1
eg 1 = 18 sin 4 ( π2 ) + C

Note: Award M0 if they substitute into the original or differentiated function.

recognizing sin( π2 ) = 1 (A1)

eg 1 = 18 (1)4 + C
7
C= 8
(A1)

f(x) = 18 sin4 (2x) + 7

8
A1 N5
[7 marks]

6−2x
Let f ′ (x) = 6x− x2
, for 0 < x < 6.
The graph of f has a maximum point at P.

9a. Find the x-coordinate of P. [3 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing f ′ (x) = 0 (M1)
correct working (A1)
eg 6 − 2x = 0
x=3 A1 N2
[3 marks]

ln 27
 The y-coordinate of P is ln 27.

9b. Find f(x), expressing your answer as a single logarithm. [8 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of integration (M1)
6−2x
eg ∫ f ′ , ∫ dx
6x− x2
using substitution (A1)
eg ∫ 1u du where u = 6x − x2
correct integral A1
eg ln(u) + c, ln(6x − x2 )
substituting (3, ln 27) into their integrated expression (must have c) (M1)

eg ln(6 × 3 − 32 ) + c = ln 27, ln(18 − 9) + ln k = ln 27

correct working (A1)
eg c = ln 27 − ln 9
EITHER
c = ln 3 (A1)
attempt to substitute their value of c into f(x) (M1)
eg f(x) = ln(6x − x2 ) + ln 3 A1 N4
OR
attempt to substitute their value of c into f(x) (M1)
eg f(x) = ln(6x − x2 ) + ln 27 − ln 9
correct use of a log law (A1)
eg f(x) = ln(6x − x2 ) + ln( 27
9
), f(x) = ln(27(6x − x2 )) − ln 9
f(x) = ln(3(6x − x2 )) A1 N4
[8 marks]

9c. The graph of 1

f is transformed by a vertical stretch with scale factor ln 3
. The
image of P under this transformation has coordinates (a, b).
Find the value of a and of b, where a, b ∈ N.
 Markscheme
a=3 A1 N1
correct working A1
eg ln 27
ln 3
correct use of log law (A1)
eg 3 ln 3 , log3 27
ln 3
b=3 A1 N2
[4 marks]

The following diagram shows the graph of f(x) = 2x√a2 − x2 , for −1 ⩽ x ⩽ a,

where a > 1.

The line L is the tangent to the graph of f at the origin, O. The point P(a, b) lies
on L .

2a2−4x2
10a. (i) Given that f ′ (x) = , for −1 ⩽ x < a, find the equation of [6 marks]
√a2−x2
L.
(ii) Hence or otherwise, find an expression for b in terms of a.
Markscheme
(i) recognizing the need to find the gradient when x = 0 (seen anywhere)
R1
eg f ′ (0)
correct substitution (A1)
2a2−4(0)
f ′ (0) =
√a2−0
f ′ (0) = 2a (A1)
correct equation with gradient 2a (do not accept equations of the form
L = 2ax) A1 N3
eg y = 2ax, y − b = 2a(x − a), y = 2ax − 2a2 + b
(ii) METHOD 1
attempt to substitute x = a into their equation of L (M1)
eg y = 2a × a
b = 2a2 A1 N2
METHOD 2
equating gradients (M1)
b
eg a
= 2a
b = 2a2 A1 N2
[6 marks]

Q( , 0)
 The point Q(a, 0) lies on the graph of f . Let R be the region enclosed by the
graph of f and the x-axis. This information is shown in the following diagram.

Let AR be the area of the region R.

10b. Show that AR = 23 a3 . [6 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
a
recognizing that area = ∫0 f(x)dx (seen anywhere) R1
valid approach using substitution or inspection (M1)
3
eg ∫ 2x√udx, u = a2 − x2 , du = −2xdx, 23 (a2 − x2 ) 2
correct working (A1)
eg ∫ 2x√a2 − x2 dx = ∫ − √udu
3

∫ −√udu = − u2 (A1)
3
2
3
∫ f(x)dx = − 23 (a2 − x2 ) 2 + c (A1)
substituting limits and subtracting A1
3 3 3
eg AR = − 23 (a2 − a2 ) + 23 (a2 − 0) 2 , 23 (a2 ) 2
2

AR = 23 a3 AG N0
METHOD 2
a
recognizing that area = ∫0 f(x)dx (seen anywhere) R1
valid approach using substitution or inspection (M1)
3
eg ∫ 2x√udx, u = a2 − x2 , du = −2xdx, 23 (a2 − x2 ) 2
correct working (A1)
eg ∫ 2x√a2 − x2 dx = ∫ − √udu
3

∫ −√udu = − u2 (A1)
3
2

new limits for u (even if integration is incorrect) (A1)

0
eg u = 0 and u = a2 , ∫0 u 2 du, [− 23 u 2 ]
1 2 3
a
a2
substituting limits and subtracting A1
3
eg AR = − (0 − 23 a3 ) , 23 (a2 ) 2

AR = 23 a3 AG N0
[6 marks]

=
10c. Let AT be the area of the triangle OPQ. Given that AT = kAR , find the [4 marks]
value of k.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
valid approach to find area of triangle (M1)
1 1
eg 2 (OQ)(PQ), 2 ab
correct substitution into formula for AT (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg AT = 12 × a × 2a2 , a3
valid attempt to find k (must be in terms of a ) (M1)
3
eg a3 = k 23 a3 , k = 2a 3
3a

3
k= 2 A1 N2
METHOD 2
valid approach to find area of triangle (M1)
eg ∫0a (2ax)dx
correct working (A1)
eg [ax2 ]a0 , a3
valid attempt to find k (must be in terms of a ) (M1)
3
eg a3 = k 23 a3 , k = 2a 3
3a

3
k= 2 A1 N2
[4 marks]

= ( ) −0.5 ≤ ≤ 6.5 ′
 Let y = f(x), for −0.5 ≤ x ≤ 6.5. The following diagram shows the graph of f ′ ,
the derivative of f .

The graph of f ′ has a local maximum when x = 2, a local minimum when x = 4,

and it crosses the x-axis at the point (5, 0).

11a. Explain why the graph of f has a local minimum when x = 5. [2 marks]
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
f ′ (5) = 0 (A1)
valid reasoning including reference to the graph of f ′ R1
eg f ′ changes sign from negative to positive at x = 5, labelled sign chart for
f′
so f has a local minimum at x = 5 AG N0

Note: It must be clear that any description is referring to the graph of f ′ ,

simply giving the conditions for a minimum without relating them to f ′ does
not gain the R1.

METHOD 2
f ′ (5) = 0 A1
valid reasoning referring to second derivative R1
eg f ′′ (5) > 0
so f has a local minimum at x = 5 AG N0
[2 marks]

11b. Find the set of values of x for which the graph of f is concave down. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to find relevant interval (M1)
eg f ′ is decreasing, gradient of f ′ is negative, f ′′ < 0
2 < x < 4 (accept “between 2 and 4”) A1 N2

Notes: If no other working shown, award M1A0 for incorrect inequalities

such as 2 ≤ x ≤ 4, or “from 2 to 4”
[2 marks]
11c. The following diagram shows the shaded regions A, B and C. [5 marks]

The regions are enclosed by the graph of f ′ , the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line
x = 6.
The area of region A is 12, the area of region B is 6.75 and the area of region C is
6.75.
Given that f(0) = 14, find f(6).
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (one integral)
correct application of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (A1)
6 6
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx =f(6) − f(0), f(6) = 14 + ∫0 f ′ (x)dx
attempt to link definite integral with areas (M1)
eg
6 6
∫0 f ′ (x)dx = −12 − 6.75 + 6.75, ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = Area A + Area B + Area C
6
correct value for ∫0 f ′ (x)dx (A1)
6
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = −12
correct working A1
eg f(6) − 14 = −12, f(6) = −12 + f(0)
f(6) = 2 A1 N3
METHOD 2 (more than one integral)
correct application of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (A1)
2 2
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = f(2) − f(0), f(2) = 14 + ∫0 f ′ (x)
attempt to link definite integrals with areas (M1)
2 5 6
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = 12, ∫2 f ′ (x)dx = −6.75, ∫0 f ′ (x) = 0
correct values for integrals (A1)
2 2
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = −12, ∫5 f ′ (x)dx = 6.75, f(6) − f(2) = 0
one correct intermediate value A1
eg f(2) = 2, f(5) = −4.75
f(6) = 2 A1 N3
[5 marks]
11d. The following diagram shows the shaded regions A, B and C. [6 marks]

The regions are enclosed by the graph of f ′ , the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line
x = 6.
The area of region A is 12, the area of region B is 6.75 and the area of region C is
6.75.
2
Let g(x) = (f(x)) . Given that f ′ (6) = 16, find the equation of the tangent to the
graph of g at the point where x = 6.
 Markscheme
correct calculation of g(6) (seen anywhere) A1

eg 22 , g(6) = 4
choosing chain rule or product rule (M1)
dy dy
eg g ′ (f(x)) f ′ (x), d = d × ddu , f(x)f ′ (x) + f ′ (x)f(x)
x u x
correct derivative (A1)
eg g ′ (x) = 2f(x)f ′ (x), f(x)f ′ (x) + f ′ (x)f(x)
correct calculation of g ′ (6) (seen anywhere) A1
eg 2(2)(16), g ′ (6) = 64
attempt to substitute their values of g ′ (6) and g(6) (in any order) into
equation of a line (M1)
eg 22 = (2 × 2 × 16)6 + b, y − 6 = 64(x − 4)
correct equation in any form A1 N2
eg y − 4 = 64(x − 6), y = 64x − 380
[6 marks]
[Total 15 marks]

12. Let f ′ (x) = 6x2 − 5. Given that f(2) = −3, find f(x). [6 marks]
 Markscheme
evidence of antidifferentiation (M1)
eg f = ∫ f ′
correct integration (accept absence of C) (A1)(A1)
6x 3
f(x) = 3
− 5x + C, 2x3 − 5x
attempt to substitute (2, − 3) into their integrated expression (must have C)
M1
eg 2(2)3 − 5(2) + C = −3, 16 − 10 + C = −3

Note: Award M0 if substituted into original or differentiated function.

correct working to find C (A1)

eg 16 − 10 + C = −3, 6 + C = −3, C = −9
f(x) = 2x3 − 5x − 9 A1 N4
[6 marks]

13. Let f(x) = cos x, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π. The following diagram shows the [8 marks]
graph of f .
π 3π
There are x-intercepts at x= 2, 2 .

3π
The shaded region R is enclosed by the graph of f , the line x = b, where b > 2 ,
x-axis. The area of R is (1 − 2 ). Find the value of b .
√3
and the
 Markscheme
attempt to set up integral (accept missing or incorrect limits and missing dx)
M1
b b b
eg ∫ 3π cos xdx, ∫a cos xdx, ∫ 3π fdx, ∫ cos x
2 2

correct integration (accept missing or incorrect limits) (A1)

eg [sin x]b3π , sin x
2

substituting correct limits into their integrated function and subtracting (in
any order) (M1)
eg sin b − sin( 32π ), sin( 32π ) − sin b

sin( 32π ) = −1 (seen anywhere) (A1)

setting their result from an integrated function equal to (1 − 2 )

√3
M1

√3
eg sin b = − 2

evaluating sin −1 ( 2 )= sin−1 (− 2 )

√3 π √3
3
or = − π3 (A1)

eg b = π3 , − 60∘
identifying correct value (A1)
π
eg 2π − 3
, 360 − 60
5π
b= 3
A1 N3
[8 marks]

14. The following diagram shows the graph of f(x) = x , for

x2+1
0 ≤ x ≤ 4, [6 marks]
and the line x = 4.

Let R be the region enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis and the line x = 4.
Find the area of R.
 Markscheme
substitution of limits or function (A1)
4
eg A = ∫0 f(x), ∫ 2x dx
x +1
correct integration by substitution/inspection A2
1 2
2 ln(x + 1)
substituting limits into their integrated function and subtracting (in any order)
(M1)
1 2
eg 2 (ln(4 + 1) − ln(02 + 1))
correct working A1
1 2
eg 2 (ln(4 + 1) − ln(02 + 1)) , 1
2 (ln(17) − ln(1)) , 1
2 ln 17 − 0
A = 12 ln(17) A1 N3

Note: Exception to FT rule. Allow full FT on incorrect integration involving

a ln function.

[6 marks]

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