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Design of footing
Design constants
A. Material data(concrete)
Table 10.3 Cover and material datas for footing
Structural class S-4
Exposure class XC2/XC3
Cmin,durability 25mm
Cmin,bond ϕ16mm= 16mm
Cmin,used 25mm
cover 25+10+25=60mm
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B. Reinforcement data
Ø – 16mm for F2
Use cover 60mm
Bearing capacity of soil 400 KN/m2
ϒconc.=25KN/m3, ϒsub soil=19KN/m3
Area proportioning
First let us assume that the footing pad is square
Figure 10.3 isolated footing and footing pad
Area = B*L=B*B as L/B=1
From F2 group we take the maximum values as follows Etabs 9.6 out put
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Table 10.4 Etabs 9.6 out put for F2 group
Ultimate Serviceability state(DL+0.3LL)
Limit(1.35DL+1.5LL)
Fx =-1.15KN Fx=0.14KN
Fy =-2.78KN Fy=-2.97KN
Fz =2660.27KN Fz=1245.54KN
Mx =1.384 KNm Mx=2.6KNm
My =-0.876 KNm My=0.048KNm
Mz= 0.078KNm Mz=0.1KNm
Column size h=0.6m, b=0.5m
For initial assumption factor safety
( Fz My Mz)ultimate 2660 .27 (0.876 ) 0.078
F .S 2.14
( Fz My Mz) servicebli ty 1245 .54 0.048 0.1
Qult= F.S x Qall=2.14*400kpa=854.54kpa
Let us assume depth of footing = 0.7m
Depth of soil = 1.7m
So, determine self-weight of the footing and surcharge load on the footing
Weight of the soil= (2.2*2.2-0.6*0.5) *1.7*19 = 146.64KN
Weight of footing = 2.2*2.2*0.7*25 =84.7 KN
Total design load = 1245.54+146.64+84.7= 1477KN (serviceability)
Total design load=2660.27+146.64+84.7=2891.61KN(ultimate)
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Eccentricity at serviceability limit
ex= My/Fz = 0.048KNm/1477KN=0.0000325m
ey=Mx/Fz=2.6KNm/1245.54KN=0.00177m
Fz 6ex 6ey
qmax/mini= (1 )
LxB B L
Fz 6ex 6ey 1477 6 * 0.0000325 6 * 0.00177
qmax= (1 ) (1 ) =306.64 kpa <qall OK!
LxB B L 2.2 * 2.2 2.2 2.2
Fz 6ex 6ey 1477 6 * 0.0000325 6 * 0.00177
qmin= (1 ) (1 ) =303.64KN>0….OK!
LxB B L 2.2 * 2.2 2.2 2.2
Eccentricity at ultimate
ex= My/Fz=-0.876/2891.61= 0.000302 m
Ey=Mx/Fz=1.384/2891.61= 0.00048m
Fz 6ex 6ey 2891 .61 6 * 0.000302 6 * 0.00048
Qmin= * (1 ) * (1 ) 596.17 kpa
BxL B L 2.2 * 2.2 2.2 2.2
Fz 6ex 6ey 2891 .61 6 * 0.000302 6 * 0.00048
Q1int= * (1 ) * (1 ) 597.156 kpa
BxL B L 2.2 * 2.2 2.2 2.2
Fz 6ex 6ey 2891 .61 6 * 0.000302 6 * 0.00048
Q2int= * (1 ) * (1 ) 597.73kpa
BxL B L 2.2 * 2.2 2.2 2.2
Fz 6ex 6ey 2891 .61 6 * 0.000303 6 * 0.00048
Qmax= * (1 ) * (1 ) 598.714 kpa
BxL B L 2.2 * 2.2 2.2 2.2
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥≤𝑞Ult
qaverage=(596.17+597.156+597.73+598.714)/4=597.44
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The stress distribution at each corner looks like
Figure 10.4 Stress distribution in footing pad
A. wide beam shear
The critical section for diagonal tension is of a distance “d” from a face of a column and it is a one way
shear consideration in both axis. Because we analyze it separately for two section.
Figure 10.5 wide beam shear check zone
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Depth for Vrdc
Design shear y-y
Vy-y=qave*B*((B/2-H/2-dvrc) where dvrc=D-cover-ϕ/2=700-60-16/2=632mm
=597.44*2.2*((2.2/2-0.6/2-0.632) =220.814KN
Vx-x= qave*L*(L/2-H/2-dvrc)
=597.44*2.2*((2.2/2-0.6/2-0.632) =220.814KN
Crd, c=0.18/γc=0.18/1.5=0.12
ρmin=min(0.26*fctm/400,0.02) ,0.26*fck²/³*0.3/400=0.002 take ρmin=0.002
K=min((1+√(200/dvrc)),2)) =1+√ (200/632) =1.563
Vrd, c=Crd, c*k*(100*ρmin*fck) ¹/³) *B*dvrc
=0.12*1.563*(100*0.002*25) ¹/³) *2.2*632mm=419.564KN>220.814KN… OK!
Depth for Vrdcmin
Vrd, min=0.035*k³/²*fck¹/²*B*dvrc
=0.035*1.563³/²*2.2*632=475.25KN>220.814KN…......... OK!
Therefore, the depth of footing for wide beam shear is 700mm
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B, punching shear
1. Punching is critical at 1.5d from the face of the column
Figure 10.6 punching shear check zone
VEDrd, =Fz-qavg*(3d+h) *(3d+b)
=2891.61-597.44(3*0.632+0.6) (3*0.632+0.5) =-681.31KN
Crd, c=0.18/γc=0.18/1.5=0.12
ρmin=min(0.26*fctm/400,0.02) ,0.26*fck²/³*0.3/400=0.002 take ρmin=0.002
K=min((1+√(200/dvrc)),2)) =1+√ (200/632)=1.563<2……….OK!
Uo=2*(3d+H+3d+b) =2*(3*0.632+0.6+0.632*3+0.5)=9.78m
Vrd, c=Crd, c*k*(100*ρmin*fck) ¹/³)*Uo*dvrc
=0.12*1.563*(100*0.002*25)¹/³)*9.78*632mm=1865.91KN>VED=-681.31KN… OK!
Depth for Vrdcmin
Vrd,min=0.035*k³/²*fck¹/²*Uo*dvrc
=0.035*1.563³/²*9.78*632=2113.58KN>-681.31KN…......... OK!
(where L punching=3d+h=3*0.632+0.6=2.496m, W punching =3d+b =3*0.632+0.5=2.396m)
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2. Check the punching shear at the critical perimeter at 2d from face of column
VEDrd,=Fz-qavg*(3d+h)*(3d+b)
=2891.61-597.44(4*0.632+0.6)(4*0.632+0.5)=-2767.1KN
Crd,c=0.18/γc=0.18/1.5=0.12
ρmin=min(0.26*fctm/400,0.02) ,0.26*fck²/³*0.3/400=0.002 take ρmin=0.002
K=min((1+√(200/dvrc)),2)) =1+√(200/632)=1.563<2……….OK!
Uo=2*(L+B)=2*(3.128+3.028)=12.312m
Vrd,c=Crd,c*k*(100*ρmin*fck)¹/³)*Uo*dvrc
=0.12*1.563*(100*0.002*25)¹/³)*12.312*632mm=2348.031KN>VED=-2767.1KN… OK!
Depth for Vrdcmin
Vrd,min=0.035*k³/²*fck¹/²*Uo*dvrc
=0.035*1.563³/²*12.312*632=2659.697KN>-2767.1KN…......... OK!
(where L punching=4d+h=4*0.632+0.6=3.128m, W punching =4d+b =4*0.632+0.5=3.028m)
Since the critical section lies out side the footing dimension, no verification for punching
shear is required.
Check punching also at 2d distance from face of column
Ved,rd=P-qave*(B*L)
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=2891.61-597.44*(2.2*2.2)=2712.379kN
((cw u 0 1000 z fcd )
Vrd,max= 1000
(cot tan )
Where ɑcw=1 , u0=2(h+b)=2(0.6+0.5)=2.2m
Z=0.9d=0.9*632=565.8mm v=0.6(1-fck/250)=0.6(1-25/250)=0.54
Ɵ-the angle between
Assume Ɵ=22˚ or 0.3839rad
cotƟ=2.475 ,tan Ɵ=0.404
((1 2.2 1000 0.54 565 .814 .17
Vrd,max= 1000 3324 .948 kN >2712.379………oK!
(2.475 0.404 )
Vrd,max >Ved,rd
The depth of footing required for both wide beam and punching shear is
D=700mm and d=632mm
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Reinforcement calculation
Design for Flexure
Maximum moment occurs at the face of column
Figure 10.7 design for flexure
X=B/2-b/2=2.2/2-0.5/2=0.85m
Y=L/2-h/2=2.2/2-0.6/2=0.8m
w = σav*B
= 597.44*2.2
= 1314.37kNm
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X-direction moment
L h 2.2 0.6
Msdx qavg * B( )^ 2 597.44 * 2.2( )^ 2 420.6 KNm
2 2 2 2
Msdx=Msdx/B=420.6KNm/2.2m=191.18KNm/m
Msdx *10 ^6 191 .18 *10 ^6
μsd, s = 0.034
( fcd *1000 * d ^ 2) (14.17 * 632 ^ 2)
Using μsd=0.034 read kz from design table and chart EBCS EN 1992-1-1:2014(for C12/15-C50/60)
kz=0.979
Msdx *10 ^ 6 191 .18 *10 ^6
AS= 888 .25 mm2
(kz * d * fyd ) (0.979 * 632 * 347 .82)
Asmin=0.26*(fctm/fyk)*1000*d = 0.26*(2.565/400)*1000*632=1053.69mm2
As provide=maximum of(AS, Asmin)= 1053.69mm2
Asmax=0.04*1000*d=0.04*1000*632=25280mm2
Spacing s=b*as/ASprovide where as=π*d2/4=3.14*16^2/4=200.96mm2
B=1m width (for greater than one-meter width strip)
( S=1000*200.96/1053.69=190.72mm , 3d=1896mm, 400mm)
The spacing provided is minimum of the above which is s=190mm
∴ Provide ∅ 16 mmC/C190mm
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Y-direction moment
B b 2.2 0.5
Msdy qavg * L( )^ 2 597.44 * 2.2( )^ 2 474.82 KNm
2 2 2 2
Msdy=Msdy/L=474.82KNm/2.2m=215.83KNm/m
Msdy *10 ^6 215 .83 *10 ^6
μsd, s = 0.038
( fcd *1000 * d ^ 2) (14.17 * 632 ^ 2)
Using μsd=0.038 read kz from design table and chart EBCS EN 1992-1-1:2014(for C12/15-C50/60)
kz=0.9769
Msdy *10 ^6 215 .83 *10 ^ 6
AS= 1004 .98 mm2
(kz * d * fyd ) (0.9769 * 632 * 347 .82)
Asmin=0.26*(fctm/fyk)*1000*d = 0.26*(2.565/400)*1000*632=1053.69mm2
As provide=maximum of(AS, Asmin)= 1053.69mm2
Asmax=0.04*1000*d=0.04*1000*632=25280mm2
Spacing s=b*as/ASprovide where as=π*d2/4=3.14*16^2/4=200.96mm2
B=1m width (for greater than one meter width strip)
( S=1000*200.96/1053.69=190.72mm , 3d=1896mm, 400mm)
The spacing provided is minimum of the above which is s=190mm
∴ Provide ∅ 16 mmC/C190mm
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