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Tutorial Questions

The document contains tutorial questions about several principles: 1) Pascal's principle and questions about force ratios in hydraulic systems. 2) Archimedes' principle and questions about buoyancy, weight, and density. 3) Viscosity calculations including examples of determining flow type (laminar vs turbulent) based on Reynolds number.

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72 views2 pages

Tutorial Questions

The document contains tutorial questions about several principles: 1) Pascal's principle and questions about force ratios in hydraulic systems. 2) Archimedes' principle and questions about buoyancy, weight, and density. 3) Viscosity calculations including examples of determining flow type (laminar vs turbulent) based on Reynolds number.

Uploaded by

johns ndege
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

Pascals Principle

1. In a simple hydraulic system piston 1 has a cross-section area of


0.000050 m2, and piston 2 has a cross-section area of 0.00025. If a force
of 35 N is applied to piston 1:
(a) What is the force multiplying ratio?
(b) What output force is generated by piston 2?

2. A medium sized car typically weighs 1000 kg. (gravity force 9.8 N/kg). A
hydraulic system to jack the car up above an inspection pit has four
slave cylinders whose pistons have a cross section area of 0.01 m2. The
cross-section area of the master cylinder piston is 0.00125 m2.
Calculate:
(a) The weight of the car?
(b) The minimum force that must be applied to the master cylinder to
raise the car upwards?

Archimedes principle

3. A body weighs 2.760 N in air and 1.925 N when completely immersed in


water of density 1000 kg/m3. Calculate:
(a) The volume of the body,
(b) The density of the body
(c) The relative density of the body.
(d) Take the gravitational acceleration as 9.81 m/s2.

4. A rectangular watertight box is 560 mm long, 420 mm wide and 210 mm


deep. It weighs 223 N.
(a) If it floats with its sides and ends vertical in water of density 1030
kg/m3, what depth of the box will be submerged?
(b) If the box is held completely submerged in water of density 1030
kg/m3 by a vertical chain attached to the underside of the box,
what is the force in the chain?

Viscosity and Reynolds number calculations

EXAMPLE
Calculate Reynolds number, if a fluid having viscosity of 0.4 Ns/m2 and
relative density of 900 Kg/m3 through a pipe of 20 mm with a velocity of 2.5
m/s. Determine the type of flow.
Solution
Given: Viscosity of fluid; µ = 0.4Nsm2
Density of fluid; ρ = 900Kg/m2
Diameter = 20 × 10−3m
Velocity; V = 2.5m/s

To find Reynolds number; Re = ρVD/µ


= (900 X 2.5 X 20 X 10−3) ÷ 0.4
= 112.5
From the above answer, the Reynolds number value is less than 2000.
Therefore, the flow of liquid is laminar.

Exercise
1. A Newtonian fluid with a dynamic or absolute viscosity of 0.38
Ns/m2 and a specific gravity of 0.91 flows through a 25 mm diameter
pipe with a velocity of 2.6 m/s.
i) Calculate the Reynolds number
ii) Determine the type of flow.

2. A fluid of a relative density of 0.713 was flowing in a 50mm diameter


pipe at a velocity of 2.8m/s. If the Reynolds number is 4600:
i) Determine the type of flow
ii) calculate the viscosity of the fluid

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