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Resistor Basics: Types, Series, Parallel

Resistors are used to limit current in electrical circuits. There are different types of resistors like carbon, film, and wirewound. Resistor color codes identify a resistor's resistance and tolerance. Resistors can be connected in series or parallel. In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances and the current is the same through each resistor. In a parallel circuit, the total resistance is lower than the lowest individual resistance and the voltage is the same across each resistor. Resistors have power ratings that must not be exceeded to avoid overheating.

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230 views3 pages

Resistor Basics: Types, Series, Parallel

Resistors are used to limit current in electrical circuits. There are different types of resistors like carbon, film, and wirewound. Resistor color codes identify a resistor's resistance and tolerance. Resistors can be connected in series or parallel. In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances and the current is the same through each resistor. In a parallel circuit, the total resistance is lower than the lowest individual resistance and the voltage is the same across each resistor. Resistors have power ratings that must not be exceeded to avoid overheating.

Uploaded by

raj grd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Resistor Tutorial Summary

We can summarise this Electronics Tutorials section about resistors and resistance and
what we have learnt as follows:

 The job of a Resistor is to limit the current flowing through an electrical


circuit.
 Resistance is measured in Ohm’s and is given the symbol Ω
 Carbon, Film and Wirewound are all types of resistors.
 Resistor colour codes are used to identify the resistance and tolerance
rating of small resistors.
 The BS1852 Standard uses letters and is used to identify large size
resistors.
 Tolerance is the percentage measure of the accuracy of a resistor from its
preferred value with the E6 (20%), E12 (10%), E24 (5%) and E96 (1%)
series of tolerance values available.

Series Resistor Tutorial


 Resistors that are daisy chained together in a single line are said to be
connected in SERIES.
 Series connected resistors have a common Current flowing through them.
 Itotal = I1 = I2 = I3 …. etc
 The total circuit resistance of series resistors is equal to:
 Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 + ….. Rn etc.
 Total circuit voltage is equal to the sum of all the individual voltage drops.
 Vtotal = V1 + V2 + V3 …. etc
 The total resistance of a series connected circuit will always be greater
than the highest value resistor.

Parallel Resistor Tutorial


 Resistors that have both of their respective terminals connected to each
terminal of another resistor or resistors are said to be connected
in PARALLEL.
 Parallel resistors have a common Voltage across them.
 VS = V1 = V2 = V3 …. etc
 Total resistance of a parallel circuit is equal to:

 Total circuit current flow is equal to the sum of all the individual branch
currents added together.
 Itotal = I1 + I2 + I3 …. etc
 The total resistance of a parallel circuit will always be less than the value of
the smallest resistor.

Resistor Power Rating


 The larger the power rating, the greater the physical size of the resistor to
dissipate the heat.
 All resistors have a maximum power rating and if exceeded will result in
the resistor overheating and becoming damaged.
 Standard resistor power rating sizes are 1/8 W, 1/4 W, 1/2 W, 1
W, and 2 W.
 Low ohmic value power resistors are generally used for current sensing or
power supply applications.
 The power rating of resistors can be calculated using the formula:

 In AC Circuits the voltage and current flowing in a pure resistor are always
“in-phase” producing 0o phase shift.
 When used in AC Circuits the AC impedance of a resistor is equal to its DC
Resistance.
 The AC circuit impedance for resistors is given the symbol Z.

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