Network/Socket Programming

in Java

Rajkumar Buyya
 Elements of C-S Computing

a client, a server, and network

t
es
qu
Re
Client
Server
Network
Re
su
lt

Client machine
Server machine
 java.net

n Used to manage:
c URL streams
c Client/server sockets
c Datagrams
 Part III - Networking
ServerSocket(1234)

Output/write stream
Input/read stream

Socket(“128.250.25.158”, 1234)
Server_name: “manjira.cs.mu.oz.au” 4
 Server side Socket Operations
1. Open Server Socket:
ServerSocket server;
DataOutputStream os;
DataInputStream is;
server = new ServerSocket( PORT );
2. Wait for Client Request:
Socket client = server.accept();
3. Create I/O streams for communicating to clients
is = new DataInputStream( client.getInputStream() );
os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
4. Perform communication with client
Receiive from client: String line = is.readLine();
Send to client: os.writeBytes("Hello\n");
5. Close sockets: client.close();
For multithreade server:
while(true) {
i. wait for client requests (step 2 above)
ii. create a thread with “client” socket as parameter (the thread creates streams (as in step
(3) and does communication as stated in (4). Remove thread once service is provided.
}
 Client side Socket Operations

1. Get connection to server:

client = new Socket( server, port_id );
2. Create I/O streams for communicating to clients
is = new DataInputStream( client.getInputStream() );
os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
3. Perform communication with client
Receiive from client: String line = is.readLine();
Send to client: os.writeBytes("Hello\n");
4. Close sockets: client.close();
 A simple server (simplified code)

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ASimpleServer {
public static void main(String args[]) {
// Register service on port 1234
ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(1234);
Socket s1=s.accept(); // Wait and accept a connection
// Get a communication stream associated with the socket
OutputStream s1out = s1.getOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream (s1out);
// Send a string!
dos.writeUTF(“Hi there”);
// Close the connection, but not the server socket
dos.close();
s1out.close();
s1.close();
}
} 7
 A simple client (simplified code)
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// Open your connection to a server, at port 1234
Socket s1 = new Socket("130.63.122.1",1234);
// Get an input file handle from the socket and read the input
InputStream s1In = s1.getInputStream();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s1In);
String st = new String (dis.readUTF());
System.out.println(st);
// When done, just close the connection and exit
dis.close();
s1In.close();
s1.close();
}
}
8
 Echo Server Client..
//client.java: client interface to server
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class client
{
int port_id;
String server; Socket slink;
DataOutputStream os;
DataInputStream is;
DataInputStream kbd;
public client( String args[] )
{
server = args[0];
port_id = Integer.valueOf(args[1]).intValue();
try
{
slink = new Socket( server, port_id );
os = new DataOutputStream( slink.getOutputStream() );
is = new DataInputStream( slink.getInputStream() );
kbd = new DataInputStream( System.in );
}
 Echo Server Client..

catch( UnknownHostException e )
{
System.err.println( "Don't know about host: " );
System.exit(1);
}
catch( IOException e )
{
System.err.println( "Could not get I/O for the
connection to "+server);
System.exit(1);
}
}
void communicate()
{
while(true)
{
try {
System.out.print("Enter Input <end to stop>: ");
 Echo Server Client..
if( line.equals("end") )
{ os.close(); is.close(); slink.close();
break;
}
String line2 = is.readLine();
System.out.println("Output: "+line2);
}
catch( IOException e )
{ System.out.println(e); }
}
}
public static void main( String [] args )
{
if( args.length < 2 )
{
System.out.println("Usage: java client
server_name port_id" );
System.exit(1);
}
 Echo Server ...
// server.java: echo server
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class server
{
// public final static int PORT = 4779;
public static void main( String [] args )
{
ServerSocket server = null;
DataOutputStream os = null;
DataInputStream is = null;
boolean shutdown = false;
if( args.length < 1 )
{
System.out.println( "Usage: java server
port_num" );
System.exit( 1 );
}
int PORT = Integer.valueOf(args[0]).intValue();
 Echo Server ...
catch( IOException e )
{
System.err.println( "Could not get I/O for the
connection to: ");
}
while(!shutdown)
{
if( server != null )
{
try
{
Socket client = server.accept();
System.out.println("Connected");
InetAddress cip = client.getInetAddress();
System.out.println( "Client IP Addr:
"+cip.toString());
is = new DataInputStream(
client.getInputStream() );
os = new DataOutputStream(
 Echo Server ...
if( line.startsWith("end" ) )
{
shutdown = true;
break;
}
os.writeBytes(line.toUpperCase());
os.writeBytes("\n");
System.out.println(line);
}
is.close(); client.close();
}
catch( UnknownHostException e )
{
System.err.println( "Server Open fails" );
}
catch( IOException e )
{
System.err.println( "Could not get I/O for the connection
 Echo Server

System.out.println( "Server Down" );

try {
server.close();
} catch(IOException e) {}
}
}
 Threads in Action...
Multithreaded Server

Server Process
Client Process
Server
Threads

Client Process

User Mode

Kernel Mode
Message Passing
Facility
Client/Server Computing

Rajkumar Buyya
 Client Server Definition

n “ server software accepts requests

for data from client software and
returns the results to the client”
 Elements of C-S Computing

a client, a server, and network

t
es
qu
Re
Client
Server
Network
Re
su
lt

Client machine
Server machine
Where Operations are Done

In CS Relationship “most of the

application processing is done on a
computer (client side), which obtains
application services (such as
database services) from another
computer (server side) in a master
slave configuration.
 CS-Focus is on

n In client-server computing
major focus is on
SOFTWARE
 Application Tasks

User
UserInterface
Interface
Presentation
PresentationLogic
Logic

Application
ApplicationLogic
Logic

Data
DataRequests
Requests&
&Results
Results

Physical
PhysicalData
DataManagement
Management
 Client (dumb) - Server Model

e
Server

ok
Client
str
ey
K
Presentation Logic

Network
Di Application Logic
sp
lay
s
DBMS
 True Client-Server Model

e
Server

ok
Client
str
ey
K

Application Logic
Presentation Logic Network
Pr
o
Re ces
DBMS
su sed
lts
Distributed Client-Server Model

Server

rie ed
Client
ue ss
Q oce
s
Pr

Application Logic
Application Logic
Network
Pr
o
Re ces
DBMS
Presentation Logic su sed
lts
n Client-server computing is distributed
access, not a distributed computing.
 RPC Look and Feel like Local Calls

results= calling results= called

bar(arguments) procedure bar(arguments)procedure

arguments

arguments
results

results
calling results=
procedure bar(arguments)
(client) client stub server stub
network transport
arguments

network transport
results

request message

request message
reply message

reply message
called
procedure
(client)
Network
Local Procedure Call Remote Procedure Call
 Flow Control in a Sychronous RPC

Client Machine Server Machine

Service Daemon Listening

Client
Program
RPC Call
Invoke Service

Service Executes
with Request Service Call
Client
Waiting
Netw
ork
return() answer
return ( )
reply Request Completed

May be the same machine

 Multithreaded Server

Server Process
Client Process
Server
Threads

Client Process

User Mode

Kernel Mode
Message Passing
Facility
 Categories of Servers

n File Server
n Data Server

n Compute Server

n Database Server

n Communication Server

n Video Server
 File Server

n File Servers manage a work group’s application

and data files, so that they may be shared by the
group.
n Very I/O oriented
n Pull large amount of data off the storage
subsystem and pass the data over the network
n Requires many slots for network connections
and a large-capacity, fast hard disk subsystem.
 Compute Server

n Performs Application logic processing

n Compute Servers requires
c processors with high performance capabilities
c large amounts of memory
c relatively low disk subsystems
n By separating data from the computation
processing, the compute server’s processing
capabilities can be optimized
 Data Server
n Data-oriented; used only for data storage and
management Data
n Since a data server can serve more than one Server
compute server, compute-intensive applications
can be spread among multiple severs
n Does not prefer any application logic
processing Compute
n Performs processes such as data Server
validation, required as part of the data
management function.
n Requires fast processor, large amount of
memory and substantial Hard disk capacity.
 Database Server

n Most typical use of technology in client-server

n Accepts requests for data, retrieves the data from
its database(or requests data from another
node)and passes the results back.
n Compute server with data server provides the
same functionality.
n The server requirement depends on the size of
database, speed with which the database must be
updated, number of users and type of network
used.
 Communication Server

v Provides gateway to other LANs,

networks & Computers
v E-mail Server & internet server

v Modest system requirements

F multiple slots
F fast processor to translate
networking protocols
 Internet Server

PC client
Internet Server

Local Area
Network

UNIX workstations
Distributed processing
application connects to remote
database

SQL*
Forms

SQL *Net
TCP/IP
UNIX Server

Distributed database application SQL *Net

connects to local database which TCP/IP
connects to remote database

SQL *
Forms
ORACL
E
SQL *Net
TCP/IP

ORACLE

Database Configurations
 Client-Server Waves
Ethernet era Intergalactic era
client/server client/server

First Wave Second Wave Third Wave

Database
servers
File Distributed
servers re
w a
u p objects
gro TPitor
s
n
mo

1982 1986 1990 1994 1998

 The Client/Server Infrastructure
Client Middleware Server
Service Specific
SQL/IDAPI TxRPC Mail ORB Objects
GUI/OOUI
DSM Groupware
SNMP CMIP DME

TP
NOS monitor
Directory Security Distributed file

RPC Messaging Peer-to-peer DBMS

DSM Transport Stack DSM
NetBIOS TCP/IP IPX/SPX SNA
Operating System Operating System