U t -1 Jaulau
Jouwand Aittexen C
Jxth
O Beiectn Methad
f(z)= DD
fla)= tive 44 s -4
fC6)= -Ive
Raris f Lies b/w_a audb . Backward ditlexence
IAÞbDx 2=9+b
if 4(x1) = +ive a= b= b a 3-2
£fX)= -ive a= ab= ZL
Newton Raphson Method orwaid dtexence Table
+()=0+ O 23-
fla=t+lve (b)=-ive
- =/4+6)/2 Ayo
Ln-tn)
a93 Ky
f'(zn) 33 4
f'(Ao) Backuoasd desence Table
LAppmx: 1,= - f(x)
wwatill to 24ual VluesALI| V92 4
Abai
Regula Jalse Mthod
flz=D 20,,2 -
Lla)=tixe fMb)=-ive ' actoial Notation
I 85 Appnx a(x-1) (x-2) . nmes
2 46) - b Pla (z-1)
PCb)-tla) x (1-1) (l2)_
-ive b=,
z)= tive qEZj Ahit epesatot
L App0X +(x nh) = E"f(z)
()Lagaanges Tntepaltun tomula
Averaga openator )afl-h/:) #)- (1-z)(4-Xa). (z-zn)x9. +
f)= f(xh ( - ) (,-X,)-. . (x Zn)
AE-| (x-) (2 -X-(2-n) y, +
V - E (71-.)(z-2)--- (z-n)
4 (e e2) (-Xo) (z-x1) -- ( -*pn-1)
(X.) Ch-X1)-.- (z,7n-
Intupolt um
O a Equal Tntesval_
Newton Foruand Interpolatin
h
y-f)=yot u4yo+u4-1)4J
+ ulu-1)(u-2 . t- -.
3
) Neston Backuand Intexpolation
-2n
f)-,t u7n t ulu+)iyn
+u(u+) (u+2) vyn
3
t-.
3
for tueaual Trleval
lewton divided erente
+ )(z-zi) 4*#(z.) + -.
Divided_ditferenceTebli
2
f) 4)
4a.)
+(M)fz)-tt). >lk«) at)44)
I#(1)
feft)4f**
()
ONIT-2
(h-b Cad's Tacaugulizalm Mlethod
Trapezotdal Ral or LU Jact onlzatow Metlh
Xtnh
AX = B
f6) d -l(t*3)+2(}*9.t...hn Jawer uugle
LLal
LL3 L32 J Malx
Smmpson
pthh
l3Rul
|4)d -h|(oy.)}2 3(9o) +4 s(q) Lo O23
Matur
Ye- eueu tesums lt LU A md tmd all
So odd tems cosdunatiu o L and
Ampso 3/8th Rule Then LU X = B
ethh
LOx) =B
fe)dx )+3 (4*y»t9g» ut UX = V uwhu VV
V3
LV= B
+2t *, n
U x =v
) Gauss Eliminatum Method
a)laih m AX B tom
tmd X
AMatix of coethicteuls Tacobis Thatim Method
B Mataex of conlauils 9,tby +C,z =d
X Malnix Df Vasiablus
Make a Augmouted Madix ala]I 2+ b ds
d
APply Row oheiatums on
(a18) to
n-
Cewet t mi upesuaugulas
Matuex d-g,2-2
d) Aepasade im AX =B foon C3
amd sowe mdividuas equatwns I*Appavx take - - z =0
Jovdan Method: aud hund z..2.
5 Graus
ne
K Sae u Gaus Elimnal" IAppvx: teke peveout *,y,z
eAPply Rou opaat'sto conwert
o
tid , *
t mi Tdeniily Matnx ul hun vallu
, áame apbeass m
cusuud aud pawiaus
Sae as rauss kimiual".
appru, hle top
(8 Crauss sid el Mothod
ke (n-1) ,(n-1)
0
aud hmd
d
wduug x" and z
d " wsug aud y
AppOx, ake y-z'=o
(d-b-G)
4-4-)
b )
UNTT 03 4 Ruge kutta Method
DAdmary delpucuial tquatun
d-(x) ) -*
Jaylos s &nus Mthod
k h (%o t»),
dy -f(x) a»)= k2- hf (z+
2
-fx)-Ho+ (x-)y, +(x-o)
2 =h4(a+h. t k)
+(x--) + - k=ht (x, +h, t» + ka)
3
wd
uehene
k J (K,t 2k2 t2 t
E)
.= -
4y) (x,) J.tk
X,
Quc s0 m
2Euns Method
dd f(x) ()=
, , I2 , ^3 y ---. In
. =h
, ,X,+h, ,+2h, +3h, -.---,+nh
n t h f(z,. n-i)
T Abrox ; 4,-y.+ h +(7. y»)
I Appx y= Ji +h #(x,,1)
1
n-no. of appmximma"
n- ifn isnot quun,
Jake n 5
Modilied tuln Metuod
dy f(x) ) {
nth oppxi mdn
ONTT U2)Laplact lAamshom o Paiddic r
t" with pesiad T
Ft) peitocue
F ) = F(t+T)
=
FCtt2TEL
wwww.
LiF fe" FA) dt fl)hEe)3-
Ft) dt
S
Lat= B) Laplace Rastam of dervadu F(=
S-9
Las at S LFO Sf3)-Fo)
st
sLSin ot s= 14) Laplace Toaustom o niaals
S+a
n+I
n o 12,- 15) Laplace laaustom of Multiplu-
cnti
eatn byt
L uws hat =
ds
n positive integer
8) Lsm hat _q 1 Lablae LauskounDivisin by t.
9ISibug Paoberty n F(D exsts.
piovidud t>0
TE FTO -a) 7) Iniial Value heore
LFO} +() I f L{F(t) f[s)-
Ihenan F(E)= m st(S)-
if LF(LY=f(S) Paopesty
then_1G4)}=_easf/s) 18mal Value Theoum
LF(t)}= f(s)_
G(t)= F(t-a) ,t>q lhen LamnEt) = wm st(S
>00 S->d
19) LT of Dasac Detla tundwn
Chamge Acale fopenly e
SE-
fr(at)j (G) uohue F () = Vs osts
t
2)L.T. o l t Tmhule Futuln7 * hange c Lale Paopd
H(t-a) = t
t F i - Ft)
Bau, ' t lao
LHt-a3 a Trvese L.T.oDeivatiuu :-
Tnverse_Lablace Taaustom
ifLF(t)f =+() (s) } ( t L'#)
=
hen t/s) - F(t)
InverseLT. of Tteqral
L f - t e'} | t) as
ImvesAel.T. o Mutiply by 's.
trat L S = tnsat
S ) ? =dFt)
dt
nveseL.T. o liuide by S.
Lt sn+
n*
Ft)dt
sh+l
n=o,, 2,3-- Tnteaae ntnas
Couwltwn Theoem
t L 1 ) g ) - JF).G(t) d
n ,',2
when F(t) = cf+«)?
= tos hat
Glt)- L1a}
sin Sin hatt .APplicalion LT.
Lablace o ylt)
T shituig Poopesy
,
stylo))
I 3itma Povperly
Then C'as f(s)= G(t)
{f-5-sge)-fyo)-sty)
uhu Gl4) =SFlt-a) t>a
o ta "(o)
GE)= Ftt-a) H
(t-a)
whun H(t-) uauysidr fuuctum
Jousles Taanstom
os Comblex Jousion Taaustomm
. Fowie Taansfom
:f(s)
J2X f* Fa)
RF dx
2 Inverse Jousie Toanstom
F(a) = [els f(e) ds -F'{
3. Jdmees Sine Tramsform
(Sz) F() dz» f
EF-[
4. InverAL Jomea Aine
Tkaustom
t sin (sa) £s) ds E f-
5 owLes Cosiut Traustom
FEf F-tos (s) Fdd -
f,)
6. Tnvexse Jouuier Cosme Taansfom
Fx) o s(5) [ ) ds - F"Stw
7. Modulatin Theoaem
f F F ) j - #(s), then
F F) os axj-#(s-a) +F(s+a)]
Unit
Genenay oruulat (exlsn
- dz =
n
e o s br da = (auasbx + bsinbz)
9+2
20) ccessM Jnleq nalin
Sin sin bade=_e asin bz-bls)|tovde - uV-uV2 +u
v
3) = 35t-sm3t whe u 4 du'
572
)sint= 3 5
V VaV
5 Lt2 +2+ zs--
3
6)Smtt 5
3
1)LDt 1- t-tt-
G
4 G
t0s 2t = - 2 8 m t
D 2t= 2 Loxt 1
COsA (osB= tos(A+B)+Los (A 13
os Aem B= i(A+B)-imlA-B.
sinhos A)= smA+8) +mA-B)|
Sx
5) Sx OsSX - )Sm
eSeS7 2iSm S
1a.bc alb-14a fb dz) dz
Uut- 5 Anithmticw Mean of expeciud
Value 0
Tomula &hoal nota xor E (z)= |zt() dz
a
1. P(A) = 1 - P (A) Expected Valuu o z*
2. Paobablily Mass Functim EC Z d
flx)=P z : X (xj) =x_
Jut Momet abol Ongm
3. Ditnibulim funauom
Fa-P(x &2) =2P Pa
. Lecond lonu abatt_erigm _
ulhen_X descacde Random
Vascable
Flz = P(XSz= £() dz Momwut aboud osiguw
lhen X lontunuos Raudam
Vanablu Mea 0
Pmpers Vassauce - u)
F(z)20
2 OSF(Z) <| Slandard deviatin (sp)= Vaniance
3. F(-o) =0 F(«)=L
4F mcsasug 2 cmitinuous tundun Memd aboit Meam ()
4 Papbabliy Deni Jungtin
fC) Probabl Ausiliy f
Plaszsb)=_" t/2) dz
=_4-()
p 3DpLsNees
1a)20_
flz) da=1, Toal Ppbablia H4-9M2 4+6, u)-3(4
Md A0. on
lote, if F(z)>distiibuleve t(d Meduam f Ms Medcan. tum
M b
aucflz)-Aobaki deusity f'(pdi) flxe dz
f(a)=_ F)
Mode if x i4 Mode n _
5. d fz) be p.df ofAaud- =O audTDRO
Vasuable X dehined m [a,b
V Mea
Mean emalin (MD) aboustl
MD = x-zl.f{x) dz
A
TAL DISTRIBDT1DN" SD = m r
J np=
BINoM
4. Momeut Measuat oskeuonius Y)
eued
Prvbable of appey ot au
m
P()= n-8 (r=0, , 2 ---. 5. Momeit Measme kutoss (Y)
=
(r+1)" texm of Binomial
Expansion ot (p+a NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONN
uehue P-Povbablila of hapbenmg
4Probabliy of not hathenmg mitmg form of BiuDmial ditiebitiom
P+ n no. of tnials uwheu
ho. of tume event happen ) n (no. of tials ís vey unge, n->o
b)
b)neitu P mor is veny Small.
Statisbcs f Bmomial diuthibel
L. Meam = .Probabliy density funclun or
audom Vasuable x with noamal
2.
Vaamc np =
ditaebuitin
3. Slaudard deviatim, SD=Jvauanq
oY SD=JP f) = -(-u)/2r
4. Mode Valu ol Ramdom Vaable
x which has he Lasgut uwnu
(maxmum) HALey. Mam
r » stamdaid deviation
or
Tnteqnal past of (np +p)
nlhen M0, Pdf s
PoIssON DISTRIBUT IDN f(x)= e
P(or q) é vesy small audn ss .Total aea nder Nomal Curve s
lang puoug amd manpP 4
kuwtu auanty
ny. (1)
Alandasd Nomal Ditibutim (sND
Povbabuty ot siccesALs: Random Vaiable | with
m M=D d i nomal distuubul
Plx== e m , rro,',2,3.
,
saudAaid to have SND, Amd
f(z) = -22
expaclzd muguncies z<o
m =meamm
tX=) = N.e"m (z)=
N- No. of N Co,1)
.Tofid standand Vasiate z frm
.stattstus oPeison Disibaim , amd X
Z - 4
L Meam p orm
2. Vasammw nP 0 m
Paperlus oNamal Cunve = Vasnauce
(z-u) f/z) de
.
Cuve u symmetical abqut V
wwne
f ( ) - s pdt
2 Meaa, Mode amd Mediam conuidu
a t z= ExPoNENTIAL DISTRI BUTIDN
3 An _ X - axu L Lymplocu
4 Mean= , Vauauc 2 PAobabliy duebitum fmtuM
5 Pouats of mtlexwn o v e an for eponeutialdiutubtim
6 (uve_clhangu tm Cemcaue to Convex f(z) =
. b 0 , 6b
1 M.D. 4_S.D._
S
Ditibut un tuutton s qusm by
8 AU_odd Moeilk aboual Miamw
aAL 2eO .e an+EO-
ED - z0
1. Cusve as suigu peak ie, d u_
uimodal. Meam= ECz)
tunD taiks of _(uAVe ex tud
adeimilzly Vauaey E (z) - (EC))
2
Melthode tmdui pmpabuty
atlhem Ahe Vasiate Noall Va z
distiibund.
xnoma vauiae with: mean=u Ahm dasd dewiatun:
nd S.D. =
To fud Pla<x< b) VaslamcL =
f n d Slaudasd klomal
Vamsd Z, Z= X-4
Su2kiad iuut of z sknhoss=Mian =
uek X=a Z=a-4 S.D
Akh Xb Z-b4
So -4 2 b-4
St3
P(aczeb)- P(a4 «z < b)
tmd values p table,
