Digital toyed Design (HATED | 4. Boclean Alypbrcr : i 2 Didriatie laws : way (ary) C442) 2 Pemogar’s laws. AE = A AE > AaB, WC ALE re b, bogle Gates 5. | ; — > AND.DR, KANDWDR — syle ie signal gate. T ‘Qevertat Nene ' hao “controlled qakes | = a nae Than Mel auidable for gtarecane ped AND RoR KHOR “oR 1 auitarie fee staiccose oraakiy, > PeoPagation delays time taken) by o gute to proce 4 oes |p. | > Bubled HAND= OR, bubbled “t908 > AND > Bubbled anys tor, bubbled OR- HAND ule “rin ve tise | fe get nip mano zin-3 Ny for POR Single bubled noe: x00, Legle bulbbled K-AKR> x-0R > Rabbled KOR~ KOR, RBubkled x-MOR> K-NOR > FOR GBle + op ic high bv oll no Li's (BMreisenie’ gare) KBR gate ofp is high By een no of V's Cee coctdeiie gue) } ROR 4 * x-WOR SAID- 1Ob> ABrAs Dor AOR > ABT AS Sle €e-oR 63 Ptah Ger) Scanned with CamScanner= 3-[P &-NOR abo - Lp wt 2a “ Ro-ia: v0 & ile b @ ge Qa-ook + fod-off candi 3 Vea diagrams he lagi pies Oleicing expen Lown gen truth Able _ Four mathols:, Sy 80-F Coninterer (044) BROS (atoxter «ie, 0), B® k-Map WY) Tobulation methad, Tew Sexignahion SSam gf all mintermy & “2” cclucl fe sp all mogterms, Ss “o’ > Redundant term: Tk igo repeated dev whose = vemoval does not distus oyna & cannonicoh Aven 7 Tso lev S38 Biprenian tan he implements 2-level an gil be G: Consider ARYED a on 8 ey, a 2 8 aD i 4 ee i > ious] 4 % capt ™ > Scanned with alljeaplementecl > Tho level P.O.% expression ca be oe with aleve jor gales > consider (Are \(cr9) ae ee PID os @® Duok Fanchion (49) A Duck Fancdia be a giem Banchaa Hm generated “hy replacing Me alt Sond See with SR and “OF ith “1 ana “E wishto! > . TE alk mistewns | taxteres, posed by the Ue dune and! dat Fancher ove same then the ‘|p Punch is. cabled sclt Dual Funchda (sor) scl e Dan Sue my Max no at SBEs thot Can be ieaflemented with 1 binary a yosibley +9? 2 Hox a0 ch noyeral boxlean Date than can be! ieplemented with A Einar vortetlegs gt? —_— & Uniesal hates > Check - implementahon a NOT, OR AND, PAD, MOR arch HAND LMR ’ 3 ae ) ysdnor > Frcluvtc gates with parol WOR getes? BAND: >Exok . a AOR “Be Ex-oR " “AS 18 a 4 ~ Scanned with CamScannerHP ba pated gohss tos Fe-OR Ly HAWD goter he Ee-WRe 5 AAIODR Gates fx Ex-orss \ for goles Ry Ex too : I k-Maps.. . ; up Hee Ty ANawiable “e-map, each! cell” has 1 Chasnees he qrouplag at other cells. t i Joud lee B°8td method + Loy de 2 whl & Hqgek Pall: PLs (Prime implicals » AU posible. Grouping) Hoek EPts Ceeabal Pr + Pls hich’ ave giouped.oaty | 8) AP ePras axe nok subficient get leche Pratt 0 > k-Maps give minimized exprensiaa in most at. the cases: bul Yol in all the cores. f ' ) \ + Remeber b take oa dand | o& A wahile determing POS exprenion. . iu Pina M-vanadle K-map, Fg" (24m) cell are grouped , then term site will be. n- ml. ~ ~ peognt ia En A for sop we have t pul 18 on. K-map and Ar Pos we need br put ols on K-map pracbiq Ty, ‘ te, FLaBC) = 1B) 2S te FAR) S Te (218 CD 2 Zug (0,183) STi FlARC)> TH vol Scanned with CamScanner> forversior Lolo boye x ond_¥" gysiem Conversion bolus base ¥ one DS 4 Diveck’ Gaversinn is possible by replao'ng each symbol in YM Sy sheen with ot bits, G1: (2), = (wee), oY» : 1ol lo (oliortet), > (ooMotlot L 6B (35, while Converting from te ik bibs can be pactibioned ny add gee, ft Stork of integer party in 1 gous «the iy ‘add at end - yuk be de decimal port q: (nore: Wor), = Colore-e 10>), = (2-64), Fadl date nest: 26-3125 a> CD, 7 a Crore N08), C2) > (I1010 Coa WH, tte a great Ry decimal pact (ovo: Wo4 BS KE * In decimal pork poser 1 | 1.6280 2 darks fom ‘1 ' 25 xD Ser o OS Kd \ 1:0 Nor a (ee-si95)= (toro 101), Scanned with CamScannerSigned Coto Representation: Fin oy teprrentation toe daa cs represented overly Roxie toe gen dota ig game TF 4& or a's complement as febrmed boice. ned Hagetele otahon« 00099 tp : ' te, Range, Ca") CMI) ow 1000, ~~ ie AVA -> Ma) Tk contain an invalid aotah'on te, -0 a) Stqned vs Complement Mokah'sa : eS f ot See ange (Cpy 5 ("= 1) miosenc ee abe ri SB 3 St also cottainy |-0. r GD Lagned g's Complement Notation 7 ‘ 0000") +0 om net . cies Say Rages 2 ) ma a y tay Set | 7 Pe Te cents $421 waghted cole considering HS-BLsign We) ave esetqhe Burt ; “ ie, ton Tahal os “eerie -& A penis syn bit extension foe coaserHieg smaller gize signed dato to larger gre WOU = Gly HD TOU FUIOIS Mens oes ’ Tene paided bits ae nog ob dawg bis] Gaucd bits. ‘Scanned with CamScanner- Overflow (over) in Signed a's complement Aotabin 2 OvFL does not occur on adding one tve Lone -ve data. POEL Tverls the forge Sign LES cc, HA onger 3, waulesia bik So. evectlos debeckog : | — Cia Obtained log addiog dake. - a3 Coat Obtained by adding sign bids, 2 ‘ 4 Boe ©) ‘ ih va (8.5% weit\ Obtain + 19 Wk ey . oo Cia, Cours PP 0 (ete eaertioa)) 2 love Angser a's comp fone ae es He well ek ‘in homed Fory > check eraofles vo notes hy better understending SSIS : 4 Combiaakonal Cixcirt® Codec be weber notes he irfechon) = foxker, no memory, 0 clock gogonecen oul 7 Ey. Adders, auidrcattod , Hux, Demur, Enteder , Decoder ete. oe Hat ig universal comob {national civeuie- talh Addex ; St BSS 4S Cy Gauge wy) A 7 bat jenpleme rah 5 j | 5 #1] = § BAND gotey . _ 2S WOR gales \>q boy bo tinglemen I whop (44 Lk, san] by dda oy Scanned with CamScanner_— ttl Sabaachor: / 4 > Rorrod Rov = ay Ingle mentabon » 25 pany 28 WOR gale Role + ann Hincemdt halk adler / holt sutvachr mia no et BAO /a9Q Gaiey veguired ig §. Fal lke So Sats 1B YO & us used lope Gey tangs Bene) ay [84 eshog need] at 2 yerattay [From kee map] + imglementabion vaigh Wand @ O08 + ~ Mot 4 we 4 4 “ye = ad foe: i prbove circuit Predluces same ap even doe weplace all MAND got with NOR godes. WDB. = ant Sens hom (8 a a ca) ease} Scanned with CamScannerAFAR kaon gx one Aull bit adder A HATS knowa os one hal? Lit adda y n-bt adler. ia Bo Ao \ \ FA, bt i Res ey lca) Vault: Cy So%y Qa. . Cin iniktoh Caxton, Carte © Ripple cawier “EO-1 Tipp Caves Gxe xeq bo sax operaren ia ‘ase addey . 7 wipe Tot Nipple cavry Himes, (0-1) Tey ; CT Fine dan by FAIS pinduce carey. > worst Kime. to stabilize result Taoist [ody] vay (Tear Tey} / Toya > Aime. duke by Fitts produce’ gum | Scanned with CamScannerFall Suleboctor. —_ ae + ae . O40? Q my Roe? Sa en> e a 3 bows 1 ECYG2) AYE oF p implemenahon oh Sith pAwD LPR. | TP Above: clecuit gevbiding same: Fanchon' even fall BARD aye + ephacea usten HOR goles. : hg A » ‘bea sulchac hoy + BA-Q: AdRH (her adding 2s comp ot & bo 4) PH cowry 1S generated remlt & fue £ ave! (able iq royal foam 9 cowry i's a0 generted result Py ve 4 available tq scomp. i SD me Scanned with CamScannerSS 4 bt adder | gaohvactor : Ly Sy & Se vf oo) So piWode it & Heo > adder | & Met > subtachor - de oo ‘ . a, Bo AiePo Be ot oor mores ees Ag Az A Po OU ‘ aa ran Bo ‘yg bs ) Nutiielexer : pein ee algo KOLA 48. Universal, combinakonal circut , dada Selec 4 rang, Ao one Secor + gecailel to Serta, Coe 2 oo yw 2D Se 8 fe OW silvisav - AR > Selection’ Lhd” be vu yx! ue. (i Viney re sixte oo o. Y: en + AES FAGTs to ahs ' t t Scanned with CamScannerinpemenrabo) + a RRO 4 L it = pa ia 4, Le fa he ger Hee Rea by db apd goles “46, See 29" Cot) 1, Saxe Peach etd gabe = ntl no i WOT goles veq. zh ho FOR godes veg 2 sre et tHe on gale = 2" ) em § Hae 04 Fanelion Sle . BH implement N variable Punkin Mee & ON Mat i ty wAy din My Mae 7 pb en Scanned with CamScannerFg Bn Rey Lee gaks. Compardio. er) i pens \ edatai]p may be oss “1's Ree ile, Complement He Be ECABC) = Sen (51 2418) it. © 42 Rue ie L, & weSree ‘ie, 4 Ge Aekse check roles! ypu doo urdersinnd Lagic, Bod why Moses GPW): por gale « Pann gare urn ; a “7 @O ms ‘ y 64 ot ; tome Mboge gales 4 only inde Huts, |, AL universal. derived, gales ey gMacey.) © Enable “ep a Haves: i > Spedal ce cae enable Ir foueae Po a > W amir is! died (fo mater what, |Z] Bee i ‘lp 4 Secheckon-tin 4a gee ops Lo? | Grced to land 4 If? Scanned with CamScanner! Asodypes 4 enable ij: ' t Breyinas gotop ast es pa | i Ache "high endble cy Pokve (oy Enable | St So, Si {So > | & I ket PY ii ep 4 BA én AL rae & ob BS + | ERENT 7 2 y Gate) aul) des etoh inal Reraut + . / | False Ams" o% dota, ra ukor,, One fo many selectors, sextal bo i feral leche 4 | ho? > snes na" wy Scanned with CamScannerDecoder. ea ea, 2 wes by mremoey deanna, & chie selechion: ; <2 NorSelechtoqriliness , sixeanya” mech dora guein > two R}peky ss bore bho dp betive Nigh, OP deoder -2 aaly 4 ofp “BE high & petve low ofp aecader, aly tay be bo. ete high ole Aecde, 7 : : ; 4 ~ Ma igs une \s Amplementah'ed Yor Actie las o/h decode, Ty tod the Same: hes aplement . Cone Rereuc) ‘ Decoder x fucchion selechor \ \ i \ variable “Archon o> nea is wed Rye 1 vortasle Rane i : eh), Be FURBO = Be 2 hl aden = ° a oa, \ at — ; ' 3 lo sy sty cI eT ot EE — oO \ > “fa Adie low Op deceder oe use pHHD gate (Hak why ) Scanned with CamScanner AAver an achie los op decoder produce, ‘1° o/p. in all ine; s— wy a od + 3 | PRED othedingtla | <> 7 “earate t Dey: Sh HEE an actives high deezder produces “0! oP -"in ail Airey = 7 4 WT] | Gable ip ia decoder » a ~ Tho decoder ’s dgabled ue ; dive hgh yp decoier” of gh % for Ache low ofp decedev—ese negate BN Cur cue ude se gab, | DEN ap helps w ‘onplemending lorger site devaders" with smaller tie decoders. { ». ae with 12 ‘ i et y sony 3 4, iwhen #70 pr | jm < | foh 48 CSE Ey a OCD {tL 0 6 6 OVlo U ‘6 %ot it Dn, St Loo, LO [DLO a i1{%8 0 o 4 Scanned with CamScannerMave? ecodeves . Rey sf) key: 1ex2s¢ ‘aud 18a) °°) | aval 28H, Beoy | 986 His diutte it Ke Bret | 288 2 by Mom this Pras bea | BE + 64 Gh re # 2, 1 , i ae No of veg veg Sh4241 pod (veg Bo A 2044 2 IS Saaz A 2 bhatt het jt | . aa £85 en 7) Enovder : , pote fal me Reverse & decaler i sre: oxy fer >I typ choo or more te Une hose igh Signal Hen it iS invalid ‘lp. | ob 4 eq - a ft we Leg, Ey= Tatts | . Eg = Ber tS, 7 hn ~ Scanned with CamScannerFe ‘ioc Encodey nA tape Peril, one or More hth ‘le sigral . ok z I- PMP Consials 4 speciel O/p bit ly): . ¢ 3 Ofe is valid only ver bie ratlent one et bh) th lip lines are Sottardg and pis peosity they Py> F5, 7 hn > Pry Log = to Ls 1] Rete 7 | | Enecder Bo a "i Ia aly Goa Ea No Sota bty ‘Mogntute Connector: 4 , | Ly ea’ compre ae - magnthules ro . ; | mele eme nee HP 28 } 3 Ag Scanned with CamScannerally Rod out how degra a-bit omparaby. For 0 Nbc Comparatoy sk ‘ Total lo vf Combinations 9° pout Wok 428 Combination 5 a" his de AIG combinatlany = oe . some” alT fo dk ASB Combinahen = a \ I / a2 S. Sequen kal Cuuits © Seq cetuit“ie @ cocked deb and ofp sival dime depends on frequen o the clock pulse - SD clock tp i ‘0 «no changer are: present at the ofp. > fox ceq, cHt veltable operation , mare dock Frequency must be. lew than ‘/tpa. tay > cet pepagatin “delay. it L ‘y ats, & (3 tS fawsltd Ge) *) BR tach » © vexek @ back SR wat Ladeh : SR WOR Laatch sR]B 4 oo] eepinals ~ a oc fo.’ oan - - volt + ' Lstbeil | | my i cos fo change Scanned with CamScannerP sR Fiptlee roged i > Obhained by connectiog a Clock 8R latch Ts ase pie Rey, Sherk take. Qe > Present xebes Tis Get BAe cheove ofp in able the cle urmck be hah ps Otherwise: Op Wit: be tencharged irrexpechive, A dle a Te Lupflop rej tielt oh Tete The f-_- Rieder Alighlops 2 Seek \ q TE (sok) xe Der (AFR) 1 a. Caivct FF, dumviy FFs data dnl Scanned with CamScanner7 wt Fltap Te Uy General tablens Tables that were uoviHen go for: di chovaclerishte tables Tells * celotion blo QE48¢,, | i Ercitahion tables y Tolle “uhat jp P be gien to get desired Se Pom given. Qt : . ye Chavackevishte Tables : wo P e Sau --lo®%l-o |--lo ofec) -\o oj--|e | = el- ol=ol—9 ¥ the aac GqyshOs Bxcitubon Tables. Scanned with CamScannerSchnee Counter = Ayachyon ees carer (Ripe lounks) « “> Used te Courk Shabes and each Gabe is available for one neg 4 ROBE counter i ured to count all 2” odes Th iS Called binary Counter , the it ts wed _coudler : . > x Ma counter 4 wed bo Count K no at stuley! re] | > Dexgn of Mod coullley is expensive , cua it veg more. ges, 4 | Design ae Soka Gunky: \ W bit: upees ster a ceanter), | BHR ate Tt ; | 2B Bo) . ate | SB eoleo ot, 1 ' fo geocsigincel eee ee wae Beas ep ese! Hen se 22 WBe NF Cotes gerera Premtay cas ae FTES aka y . | roto. reofe o 4 ae Rubghit Wy eepeos ‘ Scanned with CamScannerHed 6 Upcoantey . Hed 6 — 811280648 “Cue sey 8 bls) ify Tht &oC 8.40) ms Ate, F ao design 0 Ht os th wey, + devgned fe 8-bit “one counter ~ . ’ when his atted he design a Gutter be giver states thee > Oh Sole “as epeated Te “te Gate. is repeat then dong, - PCE as is os pps hae, ee Bre. any “elude ts repeated’ then, follow belo procedine ; S: Design Counter by ODO 2/ NR : _ diingish coe de hay ee Ate (loin *) Tp: Seem Apt aT, Tye Wot Q, Tor & Flipfle op Conversions (onyersions: inagemented with a given FF 3 Lhe. chovackerehe! fable by forget FR. + then wile. ah cccitotcion fable, My, available FR => Any FF con be \ 5 fois, Pk Scanned with CamScanneree Soe bo o-* =e0%0 9B obsere hue, By & and understand . ee Ey ahich vepresetts SKFF , F we remove sie wand ) Ophea ¢ a pet piece Upset gote thea tf “represents, “seer. > SkFF foo SYP PAWD, tio 2H WAND BREF» dour Di/p MANO. Fhphlap Tetagerig: > Te proces ob applying high doce ., stqnal of: dened bee, ‘ Dk techniques. i & te level ‘hiagev ve level trigger iy ve edge. Eri Ge) -ve edge tite Scanned with CamScannerFo. AC ccc in Level “biidgered FE, he nee edge. triggered ar coed 2 Toure ae trigered FF, we rect have to vse pulse Frainer rid Ned Ayeger: f ave (eve bigger PPP el Toa hl > Enabled ducing Ags ‘Sgro > Fooled Aadeg high Siypal- Hee eco Higge’ LPLFLEAL a] kp, +4? > Erabled once for edch cycle doy o shout gexiod Pdime ! fe r j Leh \ - ; : cre cise Piet Ark known of requeneys dwidey or'modz counter. ~ ifr aby. 2 fae Sie Ee ey 4 c| 3 as . 5 ie fue Pf joiner) ite ole as Sin \e. 2) ypu) | be fopgled at exe eM FFE ea wn eae 2 9 nib Ae SE] ae gels : Ss 27'S Scanned with CamScannerDesign & Axyachyondos Courter (Ripe Couler) 7 ony q ; 2 Main clock generahr is comected fo LSB FF Only. 7 Design cast rs cheaper and is used thy Freg division applic, SUP Counters ove edge Aniggev , doan cunkey > tue cage teiggey Rbit uP Counter te Reva tit ina Gunter, Ra > Aue . | 23 ns > Ae Abb binary _ Counter out = fad 77 4 ye re > foe wedk comer | touts Pete | | ae Scanned with CamScannerrae a Design a oaynchvortons, mod Coutts: awe we hoo gpeciol “/p Jy preset (pr) dd Clear Cale) > PEE Bother, aye generally disabled D when preset & enabled ib hues ole “douse Gounke. 0 | ad fame ® a ves Pky clear Rees of? b loo a ae Tigh cpoalesd de and elsck and hence used in eons eee ae cies Acte b> ordisable o- éttable crereble. ve disable, Med 6 upcounter Med 6 apron 0 40 5 accept ee NVRRING “eee 4) \ te we hee fo Soe caoatiog entchly abOss 1 , Baas abe et iho DNS ob AB) > 4 oA aatve For actre los enable CIR shold be gwen tle Oden 6! gets - Ciba ae awed AaB to WAKO gale toda aos to TR: (eres We , re : SRG EE, , as + Hence Lip BALD or BE TWPrew!’ | SBI By * 4 Bay RED teal “2 {bor Jy bee For Mod & apusunte™s ) er wo Arte Dor oP Koce Around Condition, ac). “a awra FE Ole is toggled move? than one in, ene cle egele then we Soy. RAC hes received: : 4 RAC bh From toggling RAC is ae foggig : > eee Laer are free from Rac - P RAC never occurs ia alge trigged ffs. So. feC0 | occurs aly ia Neel Ariggeres Sere 4 level triggered TRF. > Hosky slave FR is used ty prevent “eac. : Scanned with CamScannert- Let yy >i ns moog? NaH | fa> long Says orate oF (co Mike Hasler Slave Sere a Moser FE: SEF v3 Boxe FE. WEE Or SRFF (ges ip fom Herder FF when Clock 's high mosey is énalled £6 claves disabled and ylee versa gies iRn ol ole) * oe ! > Bat a ticuik woods goed only & Halev hygles ol Be at tod Hines 12 it tyles, even iro cb fey Ue Re Slave. vemaine Game all Hime it iS enabled and hence ofp is same. vbr Steph ling. D8 ue modify it 5 down belo “80° phat lp ‘at og rh tl no 2 times [ie., one Fiere ) : We ane Scanned with CamScannerHoditca bon ; The previous, diagram gan be geet o> UWL TT [red bation (re, get Seed back Bren sla * oi geting it "Pa sates ip ok Tk thonges only & ole at have thonge, tea oy once. he clock cycle. 2 Usd ty Save appled data and hence’ we ase, OFF: > Dake oithing can perform “y mul # Baan divisa ° > types a Sk hegs ¢) Serial in cond ool. & Geiak io Rvallel out (rest tae in ‘edd ll) Pyrallel tev Sertal Det : ; YJ Recall 'n Porallel OF + > Ofglebe ltt e es mt ‘ > (005 ett eet 4 O10 “© 2) Scanned with CamScanner- Dye Kv Cle Dez Da O84) on : ocset ss) Bry lounhe (RC): Stet i Se) vee Some A STPD except & is teonecled to Serial “le and one He Do Blogs 1S cormected with prexet- 4 ony one ofp bt & high and: hence ik combs 1 shales > vehi sales on PR is vred fo make ay aay oa 4 \srntsa Counter (SC) : c A Ao knoan & Twisked RC. Ring Cx Bart: Moebius courer=” > Bo preset yis used: i > Ushi ees. 2n, nese Sales a” > Some os RC except Oe is Mragled’ and. Connected fe Da and PR & not red x « Scanned with CamScannerCle table f-Slale dtagrams : oe e > One Franson axcou numerabr tepreseals sa drach vepresenls tunehion ole. ? To dra chide diagram af kit binawy auddey ux! ref 2, sits aa) : . si | | | | &: Rerign logic diagror fr rhe coe sith Te 4h ta Scanned with CamScannerTW &ola@s) Ths QOL = --0000| = 00 — go) Se 1 Y conneck below ckt to He above cet coe * pep” Bs J > the sequential syneheorn-s Grit is oko knoon a Fra'le Spule Hachine CFSM)- Scanned with CamScanner